Anatomical Basis for Apparent Subepithelial Cleft Lip: A Histological and Ultrasonographic Survey of the Orbicularis Oris Muscle

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn R. Rogers ◽  
Seth M. Weinberg ◽  
Timothy D. Smith ◽  
Frederic W. B. Deleyiannis ◽  
M. Phil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Muscle Belly ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Orbicularis Oris Muscle ◽  
Anatomic Basis ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Objective: To determine if there is an anatomic basis for subepithelial orbicularis oris muscle defects by directly comparing ultrasonographic images of the upper lip with corresponding histological sections obtained from cadavers. Methods: Ultrasound was performed on the upper lips of previously frozen, unpreserved cadaver heads (n  =  32), followed by dissection and sectioning of the upper lips. The ultrasound sequences were scored by a panel of raters, classifying the orbicularis oris muscle as negative, positive, or unknown for the presence of an orbicularis oris discontinuity (subepithelial defect). Based on ultrasound, six lip specimens were chosen for histological sectioning, were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Gomori trichrome stain, and were evaluated with light microscopy at low (8×) and intermediate (100×) magnification. Results: One cadaver was scored positive for an orbicularis oris muscle discontinuity based on ultrasound; whereas, the remaining cadavers were scored negative. Of the cadavers with negative ultrasound scores, two were noted to have orbicularis oris muscles with “irregular” features (e.g., excessive localized thinning or asymmetry). From histology, the area of discontinuity as visualized on the positively scored ultrasound was characterized by both disorganized orbicularis oris muscle fibers and excess connective tissue within the muscle belly. In contrast, the localized thinning observed on some of the negatively scored ultrasounds was not confirmed by histology. Conclusions: Abnormalities of the orbicularis oris muscle visualized by ultrasound have an anatomic basis as revealed through histology. Ultrasound is a useful tool for noninvasively identifying discontinuities of the orbicularis oris muscle.

scholarly journals Use of botulinum toxin in cheiloplasty: A new method to decrease tension

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Marcelo Cueva Galárraga
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
New Method ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Orbicularis Oris Muscle ◽  
Significant Change

Objective To determine if the use of botulinum toxin during cheiloplasty could help in the management of tension at the surgical wound level. Interventions Five children younger than six months of age, who were born with complete cleft lip and palate, were treated with a dose of 10 units of botulinum toxin injected into the upper lip during surgery. Before the surgery, an electromyographic study was carried out on the patients' upper lips. A Millard-type cheiloplasty was performed and 10 days later, a second electromyographic study was performed on the upper lips of all the patients. Results There was a significant change (P<0.039) in the electromyo-graphic tracing obtained after the application of botulinum toxin, especially during rest. Conclusion As confirmed by electromyography, botulinum toxin effectively inhibits the action of the orbicularis oris muscle, especially when at rest; consequently, the tension is decreased at the level of the surgical wound.

Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging of Healthy and Reconstructed Cleft Lip: A Feasibility Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. M. van Hees ◽  
Johan M. Thijssen ◽  
Rinske W. Huyskens ◽  
Gert Weijers ◽  
Maartje M. Nillesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Noninvasive Evaluation ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Tissue Layer ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue Layer ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Orbicularis Oris Muscle

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of echographic imaging of healthy and reconstructed cleft lip and to estimate tissue dimensions and normalized echo level. Methods: Echographic images of the upper lip were made on three healthy subjects and two patients using a linear array transducer (7 to 11 MHz bandwidth) and a noncontact gel coupling. Tissue dimensions were measured using calipers. Echo levels were calibrated and were corrected for beam characteristics, gel path, and tissue attenuation using a tissue-mimicking phantom. Results: At the central position of the philtrum, mean thickness (SD) of lip loose connective tissue layer, orbicularis oris muscle, and dense connective layer was 4.0 (0.1) mm, 2.3 (0.7) mm, and 2.2 (0.7) mm, respectively, in healthy lip at rest; and 4.1 (0.9) mm, 3.8 (1.7) mm, and 2.6 (0.6) mm, respectively, in contracted lip. Mean (SD) echo level of muscle and dense connective tissue layer with respect to echo level of lip loose connective tissue layer was −19.3 (0.6) dB and −10.7 (4.0) dB, respectively, in relaxed condition and −20.7 (1.5) dB and −7.7 (2.3) dB, respectively, in contracted state. Color mode echo images were calculated, showing lip tissues in separate colors and highlighting details like discontinuity of the orbicularis oris muscle and presence of scar tissue. Conclusions: Quantitative assessment of thickness and echo level of various lip tissues is feasible after proper echographic equipment calibration. Diagnostic potentials of this method for noninvasive evaluation of cleft lip reconstruction outcome are promising.

Electromyographic and Cephalometric Findings in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate after the Use of a Special Removable Appliance

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Carvajal ◽  
Rodolfo Miralles ◽  
Maria José Ravera ◽  
Doris Cauvi ◽  
Arturo Manns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Orbicularis Oris Muscle ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis ◽  
Removable Appliance ◽  
Cephalometric Changes ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements

Cephalometric measurements and electromyographic analysis of the superior orbicularis oris muscle were undertaken in 13 children with unilateral cleft lip and palate with a short upper lip length who have undergone surgery in childhood. Initially, cephalometric and electromyographic records were evaluated and again after the subjects had continuously worn, for 4 months, a removable appliance specially designed to avoid the restraining effect of superior orbicularis oris muscle activity over the maxilla. Comparison between pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric measurements showed a significant improvement in both the sagittal position of the maxilla and the dentoalveolar position. No significant changes were observed in electromyographic activity during rest or when saliva swallowing. Cephalometric changes suggest that the removable appliance used improves the growth of the maxilla.

scholarly journals Superior Orbicularis Oris Muscle Activity in Children Surgically Treated for Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1720
Author(s):  
Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld ◽  
Monika Elżbieta Machoy ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński ◽  
Mariusz Lipski ◽  
Krzysztof Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orbicularis Oris Muscle

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the superior orbicularis oris muscle both in children surgically treated for bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCCLP) as well as in subjects without BCCLP. The study comprised 77 children aged 6.6 to 12.5 years. All the patients with clefts had previously undergone lip and palate surgery. The upper lip electromyographic (EMG) assessments were made with a DAB-Bluetooth device (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) at rest, while swallowing saliva, protruding lips and compressing lips. EMG measurements were also made when the subjects produced phonemes /p/, /b/, and /m/ with the vowel /a/. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to statistically analyze the EMG values. Significantly higher median upper lip EMG activity under working conditions such as swallowing saliva, lip compression, and production of the phoneme /p/ with the vowel /a/ was observed in patients with BCCLP compared to those without a cleft. The results of the study showed that the upper lip muscle activity increases in children with BCCLP when swallowing saliva, compressing lips and during some speech movement tasks. This may be important in the aspect of the effect of surgical lip repair on the craniofacial growth.

scholarly journals Some Special Aspects of Liver Repair after Resection and Administration of Multipotent Stromal Cells in Experiment

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Igor Maiborodin ◽  
Elena Lushnikova ◽  
Marina Klinnikova ◽  
Swetlana Klochkova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Multipotent Stromal Cells ◽  
Rapid Restoration ◽  
Bone Marrow Origin

Changes in rat liver after resection and injection of autologous multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of bone marrow origin (MSCs) transfected with the GFP gene and cell membranes stained with red-fluorescent lipophilic membrane dye were studied by light microscopy. It was found that after the introduction of MSCs into the damaged liver, their differentiation into any cells was not found. However, under the conditions of MSCs use, the number of neutrophils in the parenchyma normalizes earlier, and necrosis and hemorrhages disappear more quickly. It was concluded that the use of MSCs at liver resection for the rapid restoration of an organ is inappropriate, since the injected cells in vivo do not differentiate either into hepatocytes, into epithelial cells of bile capillaries, into endotheliocytes and pericytes of the vascular membranes, into fibroblasts of the scar or other connective tissue structures, or into any other cells present in the liver.

The Contour Lines of the Upper Lip and a Revised Method of Cleft Lip Repair

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Onizuka ◽  
Masaharu Ichinose ◽  
Yoshiaki Hosaka ◽  
Yoshihiro Usui ◽  
Takao Jinnai
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Cleft Lip Repair

scholarly journals Cleft Lip Repair: Technical Refinements for the Wide Cleft

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Meyer ◽  
Alan Seyfer
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Triangular Flap ◽  
Aesthetic Results ◽  
Cleft Lip Repair ◽  
Rotation Advancement

Clefts of the lip and palate are among the most common congenital malformations. A unilateral deformity is the most common type of cleft, but even within this subgroup there is a great deal of variety due to the accompanying severe distortion of the upper lip, cheek, nose, and maxilla. To repair such a variety of clefts with good aesthetic results, several general incisional approaches should be mastered along with a variety of subtle techniques that improve the end product. The most common repair utilized in America is the Millard rotation-advancement technique. This is partly due to the perceived superiority in results compared with other repairs and the ease with which this repair can be taught to residents. This repair places the scar along an artificial philtral column and is often quite sufficient in small clefts. Unfortunately, adoption of this “one size fits all” approach can limit the arsenal of the surgeon facing the vast array of differing cleft lip deformities. For example, the modified triangular flap, or Tennison-Randall repair, can be of value when presented with the wider unilateral cleft lip. In an effort to not only demonstrate that excellent results can be achieved when incisional patterns (Millard and Tennison) are used appropriately (small versus large clefts), we compared the results of two types of repairs, performed by a single surgeon over a period of 30 years. In addition, a variety of subtle techniques are reviewed to assist in obtaining excellent aesthetic results for any size repair.

GRANULOMA PIOGÊNICO EM LÁBIO SUPERIOR: RELATO DE CASO

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Lucas Fernandes Leal ◽  
Livia Mantovani Morellato ◽  
Lucas Martins Lima ◽  
Luísa Rodrigues Morellato ◽  
Maria Eduarda Henriques Duque
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Pyogenic Granuloma ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Reactive Component ◽  
Repair Tissue ◽  
Adjacent Mucosa

This article is based at the diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma, which is characterized as a benign simple hyperplastic tumor and has an inflammatory reactive component that increases in size as a connective tissue reaction, forming a repair tissue as a protective mechanism. Clinically, pyogenic granuloma is seen as a red or purplish lesion (similar to the adjacent mucosa), too vascular, with a sessile or pedunculated base, with slow growth, reaching a size that rarely exceeds 2,5 cm, the surface of which can be rough or smooth. It occurs more frequently in adulthood, with a predominance in females (mainly during pregnancy), between the second and seventh life's decades. This aim of this paper is to report a case of pyogenic granuloma on the upper lip of a patient at the FAESA's Dental Clinic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document