Folate and Clefts of the Lip and Palate—A U.K.-Based Case-Control Study: Part I: Dietary and Supplemental Folate

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Little ◽  
M. Gilmour ◽  
P. A. Mossey ◽  
D. FitzPatrick ◽  
A. Cardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Dietary Folate ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: We sought to determine the associations between nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL−P) and cleft palate only (CP) and maternal intake of dietary folate and supplemental folic acid, in an area where the prevalence at birth of neural tube defects has been high and flour is not fortified with folic acid. Methods: Interviews regarding periconceptional dietary intake and supplement use were completed with the mothers of 112 CL−P cases, 78 CP cases, and 248 unaffected infants. The data were analyzed by logistic regression methods. Results: There was no overall association between CL−P and CP and either energy-adjusted total folate intake or supplemental folic acid use, irrespective of dosage. Conclusion: Overall, higher intakes of total folate do not appear to prevent oral clefts in this population.

scholarly journals Maternal Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Non-Syndromic Oral Clefts in Offspring: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Chengdu, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenli Xu ◽  
Ling Yi ◽  
Changfei Deng ◽  
Ziling Zhao ◽  
Tianjin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementation (FAS) has been documented to be associated with decreased risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts (NsOC). However, the results remain inconclusive. In this population-based case-control study of 807 singletons affected by NsOC and 8070 healthy neonates who were born between October 2010 and September 2015 in Chengdu, China, we examined the association of maternal FAS with the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NsCL/P), and cleft palate (NsCP). Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential intervals (CI). Significant associations were found between maternal periconceptional FAS and decreased risk of NsCL/P (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.33–0.51). This protective effect was also detected for NsCL (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.30–0.58) and NsCLP (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.31–0.54). Both maternal FAS started before and after the last menstrual period (LMP) were negatively associated with NsCL/P (before LMP, aOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33–0.56; after LMP, aOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.33–0.51). The association between NsCP and maternal FAS initiating before LMP was significant (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30–0.90), but the statistical power seemed weak due to limited number of NsCP cases. The findings suggest that maternal periconceptional FAS can reduce the risk of each subtype of NsCL/P in offspring, while the potential effect on NsCP needs further investigations.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL SUPPORT DURING PREGNANCY WITH THE RISK OF NON-SYNDROMIC ORAL CLEFTS: A CASE � CONTROL STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Saira Afzal ◽  
Mustehsan Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Arif Khan ◽  
Javaria Tehzeeb ◽  
Anum Manzoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Parental Health ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Control Study

AbstractOral clefts are divided into cleft lip, cleft palate and cleft lip along with cleft palate. Cleft palate is defined as an inability of palatal shelves to approximate and close during the first months of embryogenic period thus leaving an opening in the roof of the mouth and forming communication between the nasal and oral cavities.Objective:To determine the relationship of risk of oral clefts with parental health and social support.Study Design: Case Control Study.Study Setting and Duration:Various hospitals in Lahore and 3 month duration.Materials and Methods:A Case Control Study was conducted. A total of 100 subjects (50 cases, 50 controls) were included. Sampling was done by purposive method. Data was collected with the help of Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire and Social Support Questionnaire after taking their informed consent. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. Mean and standard deviation were used to describe quantitative variables like age. Test of significance were applied.Results:56% of cases were females and 44% were males. Mean age of mothers was 27 and fathers was 31. Most mothers were uneducated (36%) while most fathers were educated till matric (34%). Income of most parents was in the range of 10,000-20,000 PKR (44%). 24% of controls were females and 76% were males. The associations of oral cleft was found significant with parental respiratory, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, musculoskeletal, skin-related, genitourinary health, easy fatigability, health habits, anxiety, anger, paternal nervous system health, sensitivity, and mater-nal frequency of illness, depression and feeling of inadequacy (p < 0.05). Maternal social support catego-ries indicated that cases were less supported than con-trols: number of persons available and level of satisfaction (p < 0.05).Conclusion:Oral clefts have a multi-factorial etio-logy. Hence, an effective preventive program should take into account parental health and social support factors.Key Words:Non-syndromic Oral Clefts, Parental Health, Social Support.

scholarly journals Maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementation reduced risks of non-syndromic oral clefts in offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenli Xu ◽  
Ling Yi ◽  
Changfei Deng ◽  
Ziling Zhao ◽  
Longrong Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control Study

AbstractMaternal periconceptional folic acid supplementation (FAS) has been documented to be associated with decreased risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts (NsOC). However, the results remain inconclusive. In this population-based case–control study of 807 singletons affected by NsOC and 8070 healthy neonates who were born between October 2010 and September 2015 in Chengdu, China, we examined the association of maternal FAS with the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NsCL/P), and cleft palate (NsCP). Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential intervals (CI). Significant associations were found between maternal periconceptional FAS and decreased risk of NsCL/P (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.33–0.51). This protective effect was also detected for NsCL (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.30–0.58) and NsCLP (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.31–0.54). Both maternal FAS started before and after the last menstrual period (LMP) were inversely associated with NsCL/P (before LMP, aOR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.33–0.56; after LMP, aOR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.33–0.51). The association between NsCP and maternal FAS initiating before LMP was also found (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.30–0.90). The findings suggest that maternal periconceptional FAS can reduce the risk of each subtype of NsCL/P in offspring, while the potential effect on NsCP needs further investigations.

scholarly journals Folic acid food fortification prevents inadequate folate intake among preschoolers from Ontario

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1548-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Hennessy-Priest ◽  
Jill Mustard ◽  
Heather Keller ◽  
Lee Rysdale ◽  
Joanne Beyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Folic Acid Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Folate ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Acid Intake ◽  
Fortified Food

AbstractObjectiveFolic acid food fortification has successfully reduced neural tube defect-affected pregnancies across Canada. The effect of this uncontrolled public health intervention on folate intake among Canadian children is, however, unknown. Our objectives were to determine folic acid intake from food fortification and whether fortification promoted adequate folate intakes, and to describe folic acid-fortified food usage among Ontario preschoolers.DesignCross-sectional data were used from the NutriSTEP™ validation project with preschoolers recruited using convenience sampling. Mean daily total folate and folic acid intakes were estimated from 3 d food records, which included multivitamin supplement use. Comparisons were made to Dietary Reference Intakes, accounting for and excluding fortificant folic acid, to determine the prevalence of inadequate and excessive intakes.SettingCanada.SubjectsTwo hundred and fifty-four preschoolers (aged 3–5 years).ResultsAll participants (130 girls, 124 boys) ate folic acid-fortified foods and 30 % (n76) used folic acid-containing supplements. Mean (se) fortificant folic acid intake was 83 (2) μg/d, which contributed 30 % and 50 % to total folate intake for supplement users and non-users, respectively. The prevalence of total folate intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement was <1 %; however, excluding fortificant folic acid, the prevalence was 32 %, 54 % and 47 % for 3-, 4- and 5-year-olds, respectively. The overall prevalence of folic acid (fortificant and supplemental) intakes above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level was 2 % (7 % among supplement users).ConclusionsFolic acid food fortification promotes dietary folate adequacy and did not appear to result in excessive folic acid intake unless folic acid-containing supplements were consumed.

Maternal factor effect on the infants with cleft lip and cleft palate: A case–control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mokhtari ◽  
Majid Purabdollah ◽  
Mahnaz Sanaeeifar ◽  
Shahin Alipoor ◽  
Ahad Bahrami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Factor ◽  
Factor Effect ◽  
Control Study

Maternal Folic Acid Intake and Risk of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Hospital-Based Case–Control Study in Bangalore, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-686
Author(s):  
Vivienne J. Mendonca
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Folic Acid Intake ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Dietary Folate ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Folic Acid Supplements ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
Control Study

Background: Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital anomaly worldwide. Cleft etiology appears to be multifactorial, with genetic and environmental components. Although periconceptional folic acid supplementation has been shown to be protective for neural tube defects, current evidence for its role in cleft prevention is mixed with few studies from low- and middle-income countries. Aim: To investigate the association between periconceptional folic acid intake and incidence of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts among infants in Bangalore, India. Methods: A hospital-based case–control study (106 cases, 212 controls) utilizing a questionnaire to collect data on prenatal supplements, dietary folate, and potentially confounding factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess relationships between folic acid supplementation and all nonsyndromic clefts, and in separate analyses for cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and cleft palate (CP), adjusting for statistically significant variables. Results: A statistically significant protective association was found for separate folic acid supplements (not combined with iron or multivitamins) taken in the periconceptional period and all clefts combined (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.86) and CL/P (adjusted OR: 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38-0.86). Higher levels of dietary folate were found to be associated with a reduced risk for all clefts (adjusted OR: 0.98, 95% CI, 0.96-0.99), CL/P (adjusted OR: 0.98, 95% CI, 0.96-0.99), and CP (adjusted OR: 0.96, 95% CI, 0.93-0.99). Conclusion: This study provides limited evidence for a protective association of periconceptional folic acid supplementation with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts. The low proportion of mothers taking folic acid supplements in the periconceptional period highlights the need for increased education and awareness regarding prenatal nutrition.

Myo-inositol, glucose and zinc status as risk factors for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in offspring: a case-control study

2004 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid P.C. Krapels ◽  
Iris A.L.M. Rooij ◽  
Ron A. Wevers ◽  
Gerhard A. Zielhuis ◽  
Paul H.M. Spauwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Zinc Status ◽  
Control Study

Smoking and Orofacial Clefts: A United Kingdom–Based Case-Control Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Little ◽  
A. Cardy ◽  
M. T. Arslan ◽  
M. Gilmour ◽  
P. A. Mossey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Objective To investigate the association between smoking and orofacial clefts in the United Kingdom. Design Case-control study in which the mother's exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed by a structured interview. Setting Scotland and the Manchester and Merseyside regions of England. Participants One hundred ninety children born with oral cleft between September 1, 1997, and January 31, 2000, and 248 population controls, matched with the cases on sex, date of birth, and region. Main Outcome Measure Cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate. Results There was a positive association between maternal smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy and both cleft lip with or without cleft palate (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.1) and cleft palate (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 4.1). There was evidence of a dose-response relationship for both types of cleft. An effect of passive smoking could not be excluded in mothers who did not smoke themselves. Conclusion The small increased risk for cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy observed in this study is in line with previous evidence. In contrast to some previous studies, an increased risk was also apparent for cleft palate. In these U.K. data, there was evidence of a dose-response effect of maternal smoking for both types of cleft. The data were compatible with a modest effect of maternal passive smoking, but the study lacked statistical power to detect or exclude such an effect with confidence. It may be useful to incorporate information on the effects of maternal smoking on oral clefts into public health campaigns on the consequences of maternal smoking.

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