The Cost of Irrigation Water in the Jordan Valley

10.1596/k8697 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline van den Berg ◽  
Sana Kh. H. Agha Al Nimer
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
The Cost

Agricultural Use of Reclaimed Water - Experiences in Jordan

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Vallentin
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
National Water

Due to extreme water scarcity Jordan is integrating reclaimed water resources in the national water management system. This paper describes the recent framework conditions for reclaimed water use in agriculture in Jordan, with a focus on the central and southern Jordan Valley. The possible impacts of lower quality irrigation water on soil, groundwater, crops and human health are considered while appropriate guidelines and monitoring proposals are being developed. Testing of the guidelines and implementation of the monitoring systems have started with the final purpose of integrating them into the Jordanian standard and legal system and thus ensuring safe food for consumers and protection of the environment.

scholarly journals Investigation of solar-powered drip irrigation: The case study of the Jordan Valley 

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Perakis Christoforos ◽  
Kyriakarakos George ◽  
Hani Nabeel Bani ◽  
Hammad Shaker ◽  
Damasiotis Markos
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Battery System ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
The Cost

Agriculture is the sector that consumes by far most water globally. Much research efforts aim at minimizing losses through the use of drip irrigation. Rural agricultural areas often do not have access to a main electrical grid to power the pumps needed for drip irrigation; it reduces the options in paying for a grid extension, getting a diesel generator or investing in an off-grid renewable energy system. In this paper, these alternatives are assessed technically and economically under real world conditions through the Jordan Valley case study. The results show that the autonomous photovoltaic (PV)-battery system is preferable to the use of a diesel generator, as well as it is preferable to the main grid extension in many cases depending on the cost of grid electricity and distance from the grid. For current subsidized grid electricity retail price to farmers, the PV-battery system becomes more attractive above a 300 m distance from the grid, while if the actual cost of electricity production in Jordan is taken into account, then it breaks even to 128 m. 

scholarly journals Desain Pintu Air Berbantu Komputer Untuk Saluran Irigasi Tersier di Daerah Irigasi Cikarawang Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-152
Author(s):  
Eka Sulaecha ◽  
Budi Indra Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Gate Opening ◽  
Water Gate ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Data Plotting

Irrigation water gate was one of the supporting components of agricultural activities, especially the management of rice fields, because it was utilized in the management of water flow. The implementation of water gate has a complex and interdependent set of tasks. So that was the problem which can made undesired effects. So that, the planning can be shorted by computer design . Besides, the changes in a design could be overcome quickly and precisely. The purpose of this research is to the effective rainfall, evapotranspiration, discharge of irrigation water needs in the Cikarawang irrigation area, produce a design of computer-aided water gate, and know RAB for the construction of the water gate. The study was conducted from April to July 2020. The place to do the research was Cikarawang Village, Bogor Regency, West Java. The results of the study were the design of water gate by using data plotting with computer-aided script files (SCR). The effective rainfall of 1806.3 mm, the highest evapotranspiration of 5.5 mm/day and the lowest evapotranspiration of plants at 4 mm/day, the highest irrigation water demand was 2.18 lt/dt/ha,  The dimensions of 0.5 x 0.75 x 0.012 m, and water gate opening 0.27 m. These water gate openings were used when the plant's water requirements are highest. The cost of making water gate made from fiberglass is Rp. 838.000,-while for steel costs Rp. 3.500.000,-.

scholarly journals Synthetic- and bio-polymer use for runoff water quality management in irrigated agriculture

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Sojka ◽  
J.A. Entry ◽  
W.J. Orts ◽  
D.W. Morishita ◽  
C.W. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Micro Organisms

Low concentrations of synthetic- or bio-polymers in irrigation water can nearly eliminate sediment, N, ortho- and total-P, DOM, pesticides, micro-organisms, and weed seed from runoff. These environmentally safe polymers are employed in various sensitive uses including food processing, animal feeds, and potable water purification. The most common synthetic polymer is anionic, high purity polyacrylamide (PAM), which typically provides 70–90% contaminant elimination. Excellent results are achieved adding only 10 ppm PAM to irrigation water, applying 1–2 kg ha−1 per irrigation, costing $4–$12 kg−1. Biopolymers are less effective. Using twice or higher concentrations, existing biopolymers are ≈60% effective as PAM, at 2–3 times the cost. A half million ha of US irrigated land use PAM for erosion control and runoff protection. The practice is spreading rapidly in the US and worldwide. Interest in development of biopolymer surrogates for PAM is high. If the supply of cheap natural gas (raw material for PAM synthesis) diminishes, industries may seek alternative polymers. Also “green” perceptions and preferences favor biopolymers for certain applications.

scholarly journals Evaluating the performances of a flexible mechanism of water diversion: application on a northern Italy gravity-driven irrigation channel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Masseroni ◽  
Alessandro Castagna ◽  
Claudio Gandolfi
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Eu

AbstractImproving the management of irrigation schemes is a priority in the Mediterranean countries of the EU to achieve the objectives of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60EC. In the case of schemes based on open-channel networks for water conveyance and delivery, a limitation to the management efficiency is the huge number of gates that need to be controlled and regulated manually to adapt the flow to the actual irrigation water demand. Automated and coordinated gate regulation of large irrigation schemes has been successfully implemented in some areas of the world (e.g., NSW, Australia), but it implies huge public investments that are often unavailable. Opposite to this top–down approach, the Lombardy region (the largest irrigated region in the EU) has explored an approach based on funding small projects, which should demonstrate the potential of innovation in irrigation practice and foster the expansion of the most effective measures. In this paper, we analyze the effects of one of these projects, consisting in the substitution of a manual gate, controlling the supply of irrigation to a 150 ha irrigation district, with an automated, remotely controlled gate. Nine years of daily flow measurements at the district inlet, provided by the irrigation consortium that manages the gate, were compared with the rigid flow regulation that was applied when the inlet gate was manually regulated and with the irrigation water requirements simulated with a distributed agro-hydrological model widely used in the region for irrigation accounting and planning. The results show that the flexible regulation allowed by the new gate provided an average water saving of 12,000 m3/ha/year compared to the rigid regulation system. A further, though smaller, margin of improvement of 5000 m3/ha/year can be achieved with an optimal regulation that follows exactly the crop water requirements. A further interesting empirical evidence is that the simulation model fits very well the irrigation water requirements of the district using only easily accessible meteorological input data, without exploiting any information from ground or remote sensors to update soil moisture or crop developments during the season. This indicates that it could be effectively used, with very limited costs and effort, to support and improve the gate management. Finally, a preliminary economic analysis shows that the cost of the gate installation is sustainable, but the upscaling of this type of intervention to larger areas requires the support of public funding to cover approximately half of the cost of investment needed for the networking infrastructures.

scholarly journals Strategic Vision of Container Nursery Irrigation in the Next Ten Years

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Beeson ◽  
M.A. Arnold ◽  
T.E. Bilderback ◽  
B. Bolusky ◽  
S. Chandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Strategic Vision ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Irrigation Runoff ◽  
Container Nursery

Abstract Visions of the future for container nursery irrigation were collected from twelve nursery irrigation scientists, growers and nursery organization leaders. The amount of water available for nursery irrigation unanimously is forecasted to decline over the next decade. Along with declining availability, the cost of water for irrigation is predicted to increase substantially for most nurseries. Limited availability, higher direct cost, and irrigation runoff issues are projected to compel the container nursery industry to adopt procedures and technology that will increase irrigation water use efficiency. Evidence in support of these prognoses, current solutions and suggested options are discussed.

scholarly journals Drinking-water efficiency, cost of illness, and peri-urban society: An economic household analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257509
Author(s):  
Ghaffar Ali ◽  
Muhammad Khalid Bashir ◽  
Sawaid Abbas ◽  
Mehwish Murtaza
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to measure the efficacy of drinking water in terms of the economic impacts and risk of illness involved in using perilous water sources. Socio-economic factors were also considered. A multidisciplinary approach was employed to analyze the data, including the cost of illness (COI), regression technique, and irrigation water efficiency methods. The primary data set consisted of 210 peri-urban and urban households. It was found that the average cost of illness was higher in peri-urban ($10.79 USD) areas, while willingness to pay for quality water was higher in urban residents. Social status, income, and family size was positively associated with the cost of illness, while education, the source of drinking water (ground water and others), and awareness about safe drinking were negatively associated with the cost of illness. Furthermore, urban residents were more efficient in terms of conveyance and water use. This is one of the first studies to apply irrigation water efficiency methods to measure drinking water efficiency. The results are timely and important with both practical and social implications, including guiding policy framework. It is suggested that family planning programs be made more effective to control family size. The filtration plants to enhance drinking water quality be installed in the central places of each town/division/union council. A public-private partnership could work to provide affordable quality drinking water.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document