Eight Emerging Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Small-Scale Cross-Border Trade in the Great Lakes Region

10.1596/35159 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyembezi Mvunga ◽  
Charles Kunaka
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade

scholarly journals Typology of Environmental Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in African Great Lakes Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Macháček
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
African Great Lakes ◽  
Geomorphological Processes

Artisanal and small-scale mining is a widespread economic sector in the African Great Lakes Region, where it has an adverse impact on the population’s environment. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and consider the typology of the environmental impacts of artisanal and small-scale mining, in particular, the anthropogenic influences on topography with regard to the methods used in raw material mining. Among the most significant environmental aspects related to artisanal and small-scale mining are deforestation, changes in landscape structure, influence over geomorphological processes and hydrological river regime, chemical pollution of soil and watercourses, influencing soil production capacity. The aforementioned factors can cause health problems such as silicosis, poisoning by methyl orthophosphate, or injury during the mining activity itself. Artisanal and small-scale mining could initiate new geomorphological processes or modify naturally occurring geomorphological processes. These dynamic processes are influenced by the topography of the relief, soil properties, and rock composition. Anthropogenic activity in these cases may lead to faster reshaping (degradation or abrasion) of soil shapes. This study covers a broad understanding of environmental impacts of artisanal and small-scale mining with a focus on anthropogenic influencing.

scholarly journals Effects of the Informal Cross Border Trade in Western Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Ahmodu Tijani Ismail Shola ◽  
Dosunmu Kazeem Olanrewaju
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
The Unemployed

Informal Cross Border Trade (ICBT) plays an important role in developing countries and act as accelerator of economic development, regional development of the borderland areas. It is a crucial coping measure for poor households; especially when unemployment is high and it also address mass poverty if the rules governing it take into consideration the interests of the poor and vulnerable groups in society. This paper is aimed at examining the effects of informal cross border trade in western Africa: a study of Nigeria and Niger, its strength and weakness on National and Regional development which is western Africa. This is a literature and library based paper which reviews related literatures from journal articles, texts, seminar papers, online search engines for assessment of the concepts. This paper perceive the following issues in  Informal Cross Border Trade, its problem and approaches, reasons for ICBT in Nigeria and Niger, critical analysis of determinants in Nigeria and Niger, the positive and negative effects on the two selected countries in western African and recommend on way forward. It finds out that ICBT enables small‐scale entrepreneurs to escape poverty and to meet the education, housing and other basic needs. It’s also source of family income to the unemployed and a source of employment to our second citizen as a result of early retirement. It recommends that there should be bilateral agreement between Nigeria and Niger on creating an enabling, gender-sensitive environment for informal cross border traders so that they can easily engage in economic activity in order to protect their livelihoods. There is need to design appropriate policy incentives by the duo country governance in order to gradually incorporate a thriving ICBT sector into the formal economy.

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