Water Scarce Cities

10.1596/29623 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarce

Recovery and Recycling of Liquid Effluent at GNFC – A Step towards Zero Effluent

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
V. K. Karia ◽  
V. S. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Liquid Effluent ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Oriented Approach

The Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Company Ltd (GNFC), a giant fertilizers and chemicals complex, owns the world's largest single stream ammonia and urea plants, and is located in the predominantly backward area of Bharuch District in Gujarat State, India. The company began commercial production on 1st July 1982. GNFC's performance as regards both capacity utilization and pollution control, has been good right from commissioning. Concerning pollution control, the company has adopted a productivity oriented approach which is entirely different from the usual ‘policeman' approach or ‘problem' approach. The company decided to find applications for each of the pollutants. Regarding liquid effluents, the company has successfully concluded a number of research and development projects as a result of which nearly 71% of the total volume of liquid effluent is put to productive use. This has helped the company to reduce the fresh water intake by about 18,000 m3/day (much more than the total volume of fresh water required by the whole of Bharuch city!). The remaining volume (29%) leaving GNFC premises completely conforms to irrigation standards and has been utilized by farmers for the last 5 years. This has resulted in a ‘mini green revolution' in the water-scarce area of Bharuch District. Since the entire effluent is either being recycled within the company or being used by farmers, the company has reached a stage of ‘zero effluent'. The company has also saved more than US$ 500,000 to date, by properly managing liquid effluent.

Food and Water Security in West Asia

2018 ◽  
pp. 512-529
Author(s):  
Eckart Woertz
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Policy Solutions

West Asia is one of the most water-scarce regions of the world and one of its foremost importers of virtual water despite sustained efforts at self-sufficiency, especially in cereal production. Technology-oriented policy solutions eye a reorientation of agriculture towards fruit and vegetables that are less water-intensive than cereals and provide more value added per water unit consumed. Turkey is a role model here; the country has an agricultural trade surplus and ranks among the top ten agricultural economies globally in value terms. Yet technology-oriented policy prescriptions overlook the sociopolitical ‘problemsheds’ that emerge (along with new agro-lobbies) and agriculture as the main water consumer has to compete with other economic sectors and sprawling urbanization. This article looks at the different categories of countries and their specific challenges.

Impact of geology and anthropogenic activities over the water quality with emphasis on fluoride in water scarce Lalitpur district of Bundelkhand region, India

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 130496
Author(s):  
Neeraj Pant ◽  
Shive Prakash Rai ◽  
Rajesh Singh ◽  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Ravi K. Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Scarce

scholarly journals Water Footprint and Virtual Water Trade of Maize in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
Maria Macarena Arrien ◽  
Maite M. Aldaya ◽  
Corina Iris Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
First Time

Agriculture is the largest fresh water consuming sector, and maize is the most produced and consumed crop worldwide. The water footprint (WF) methodology quantifies and evaluates the water volumes consumed and polluted by a given crop, as well as its impacts. In this work, we quantified for the first time the green WF (soil water from precipitation that is evapotranspired) and the green virtual water exports of maize from Buenos Aires province, Argentina, during 2016–2017, due to the relevance of this region in the world maize trade. Furthermore, at local level, we quantified the green, blue (evapotranspired irrigation), and grey (volume of water needed to assimilate a pollution load) WF of maize in a pilot basin. The green WF of maize in the province of Buenos Aires ranged between 170 and 730 m3/ton, with the highest values in the south following a pattern of yields. The contribution of this province in terms of green virtual water to the international maize trade reached 2213 hm3/year, allowing some water-scarce nations to ensure water and water-dependent food security and avoid further environmental impacts related to water. At the Napaleofú basin scale, the total WF of rainfed maize was 358 m3/ton (89% green and 11% grey) and 388 m3/ton (58% green, 25% blue, and 17% grey) for the irrigated crop, showing that there is not only a green WF behind the exported maize, but also a Nitrogen-related grey WF.

Improving efficiency in water use and conservation in Spanish hotels

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cobacho ◽  
F. Arregui ◽  
J.C. Parra ◽  
E. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Fundamental Component ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Water Scarce

Hotels are a fundamental component within the tourist Spanish sector, and their role in water management turns out even more relevant taking into account the fact that tourist areas, in which they are generally located, are water scarce. Trying to go further from the standard ratios and estimations to plan water conservation, this work intends to really measure and quantify water use in rooms. Only by doing this, can subsequent conservation actions, now able to be reliably specified for each specific use, achieve a real success.

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