Potential Climate Change Mitigation Opportunities in the Energy Sector in Vietnam

10.1596/28215 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ltd. Full Advantage Co.
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Potential Climate Change ◽  
Change Mitigation

scholarly journals A Review of Willingness to Pay Studies for Climate Change Mitigation in the Energy Sector

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Streimikiene ◽  
Balezentis ◽  
Alisauskaite-Seskiene ◽  
Stankuniene ◽  
Simanaviciene
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation Policy ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Policies

A wide range of climate change mitigation policies have been developed around the world and these policies have become one of the major concerns, however there is still debate among scientists about what are the main external benefits and how to account for them and prepare effective climate change mitigation policies that might be widely accepted by society in general. One of the main ways to assess external benefit of climate change mitigation in energy sector is to conduct Willingness to Pay (WTP) assessments for climate change mitigation options by households. There are many studies on WTP assessment for climate stability conducted in recent years. The paper surveys the existing literature on WTP for climate change mitigation policy in the energy sector. The aim of the paper is to identify the common variables across a varied set of WTP studies in order to establish a basis for comparison. The key variables selected for analysis of WTP studies for climate change mitigation in energy sector addressed in the paper are: the WTP assessment methods; the main attributes used for comparing alternatives in WTP studies, targeted climate change mitigation policies in energy sector, mathematical model used to estimate WTP, the main socio-demographic factors having impact on WTP for climate change mitigation policies. The analysis of WTP studies for climate change mitigation is grouped in two areas: renewables and energy efficiency measures in households. The paper provides analytical structure for future studies to evaluate the effects of variation in key comparative elements upon WTP.

Harnessing carbon markets for tropical forest conservation: towards a more realistic assessment

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SMITH ◽  
K. MULONGOY ◽  
R. PERSSON ◽  
J. SAYER
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Tropical Forestry ◽  
Change Mitigation

The proposed Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol paves the way for financial and technological transfers to support forestry projects that sequester carbon or protect carbon stocks. From its inception, the concept has been highly controversial. It has been enthusiastically supported by those who believe that conservation of tropical forests will be difficult unless forest owners and managers are compensated for the environmental services of their forests. Others believe that financial transfers supporting ‘carbon farming’ would ignore social concerns and the full range of goods and services of forests. This paper examines the implications of CDM for forest conservation and sustainable use, by drawing on recent literature and the results of a policy dialogue with CDM stakeholders. We conclude that initial estimates of the contribution tropical forestry could make to both climate change mitigation and to forest conservation need to be scaled down. CDM payments for tropical forestry are likely to be received in a far more limited area than initially expected. The cost-effectiveness of forestry projects relative to projects in the energy sector may have been overestimated. In particular few estimates have adequately accounted for the likelihood that the duration of CDM forestry projects is unlikely to be as long as the residency time of carbon in the atmosphere. Also political realities and investor priorities may not have been sufficiently understood. CDM funding for forestry may also decline in future as economically viable clean technologies are increasingly developed in the energy sector. Tropical forests are likely to be an intermediate climate change mitigation strategy for buying time, until more permanent options become available. The most important justification for including forests in CDM may lie in the contribution CDM could potentially make to forest conservation and sustainable use. An analysis of the implications of CDM for forests reveals the importance of involving forest stakeholders more closely in the CDM debate. To prevent perverse outcomes and reduce the risk of ‘leakage’ of emission reduction to areas outside project boundaries, CDM projects may need to be limited to niches which meet certain political and institutional preconditions and where sufficient understanding of local decision-making and the broader context is available. CDM may be more effective if used to remove non-economic impediments to forestry activities that are economically viable and meet local needs. Lessons from the forestry sector in relation to plantations, natural forest management, forest conser- vation and non-timber forest products are discussed to illustrate the dangers of misusing CDM and also to give examples of how CDM could be harnessed for better use of forests. CDM should be seen as one more tool for enhancing the effectiveness of more conventional ways of promoting forest conservation and sustainable use.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMING ENERGY SECTOR IMPACT FOR SUPPORTING CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: THE CASE OF PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-294
Author(s):  
Shahzada M. Naeem Nawaz ◽  
Zubair Khalid Saleemi ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Benchmark Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Change Mitigation

Purpose of the study: This study attempts to provide an analysis of the energy sector of Pakistan including generation and quality of electricity, and potential of renewables for climate change mitigation. Methodology: The study used a quantitative approach for analysis. Primary and secondary data sources are used. Main Findings: According to the quantitative analysis institutions fail to meet the growing demand due to insignificant or no increase in capacity to produce power. CO2 emissions are rising because of increased reliance on coal and other thermal sources for electricity generation. Applications of this study: It proposes to increase the reliance on renewable resources and align the policy and regulatory framework for setting a sustainable economic system. The government should also plan for a rigorous electric supply system that would ensure the quality and sustainability of the electricity supply. Novelty/Originality of this study: It sets a benchmark analysis and sets the direction for the policymakers especially at the stage when the country has settled the shortage issue, but at the cost of increasing fossils share in the fuel mix, whereas the transmission and distribution of electricity supply are ignored.

scholarly journals Bio-energy and CO2 emission reductions: an integrated land-use and energy sector perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 1675-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Bauer ◽  
David Klein ◽  
Florian Humpenöder ◽  
Elmar Kriegler ◽  
Gunnar Luderer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Context Variables ◽  
Change Mitigation

AbstractBiomass feedstocks can be used to substitute fossil fuels and effectively remove carbon from the atmosphere to offset residual CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and other sectors. Both features make biomass valuable for climate change mitigation; therefore, CO2 emission mitigation leads to complex and dynamic interactions between the energy and the land-use sector via emission pricing policies and bioenergy markets. Projected bioenergy deployment depends on climate target stringency as well as assumptions about context variables such as technology development, energy and land markets as well as policies. This study investigates the intra- and intersectorial effects on physical quantities and prices by coupling models of the energy (REMIND) and land-use sector (MAgPIE) using an iterative soft-link approach. The model framework is used to investigate variations of a broad set of context variables, including the harmonized variations on bioenergy technologies of the 33rd model comparison study of the Stanford Energy Modeling Forum (EMF-33) on climate change mitigation and large scale bioenergy deployment. Results indicate that CO2 emission mitigation triggers strong decline of fossil fuel use and rapid growth of bioenergy deployment around midcentury (~ 150 EJ/year) reaching saturation towards end-of-century. Varying context variables leads to diverse changes on mid-century bioenergy markets and carbon pricing. For example, reducing the ability to exploit the carbon value of bioenergy increases bioenergy use to substitute fossil fuels, whereas limitations on bioenergy supply shift bioenergy use to conversion alternatives featuring higher carbon capture rates. Radical variations, like fully excluding all technologies that combine bioenergy use with carbon removal, lead to substantial intersectorial effects by increasing bioenergy demand and increased economic pressure on both sectors. More gradual variations like selective exclusion of advanced bioliquid technologies in the energy sector or changes in diets mostly lead to substantial intrasectorial reallocation effects. The results deepen our understanding of the land-energy nexus, and we discuss the importance of carefully choosing variations in sensitivity analyses to provide a balanced assessment.

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