scholarly journals Two-dimensional Fast Surface Imaging Using a Handheld Optical Device: In Vitro and In Vivo Fluorescence Studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Erickson ◽  
Jiajia Ge ◽  
Andrea Sanchez ◽  
Anuradha Godavarty
Keyword(s):  
Surface Imaging ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Optical Device ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
In Vivo Fluorescence

Specific Labeling of Protein Domains with Antibody Fragments

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
L.E. Buhle ◽  
W.E. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Antibody Fragments ◽  
Supramolecular Organization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Virus Capsids ◽  
Processing Techniques

Many important supramolecular structures such as filaments, microtubules, virus capsids and certain membrane proteins and bacterial cell walls exist as ordered polymers or two-dimensional crystalline arrays in vivo. In several instances it has been possible to induce soluble proteins to form ordered polymers or two-dimensional crystalline arrays in vitro. In both cases a combination of electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens with analog or digital image processing techniques has proven extremely useful for elucidating the molecular and supramolecular organization of the constituent proteins. However from the reconstructed stain exclusion patterns it is often difficult to identify distinct stain excluding regions with specific protein subunits. To this end it has been demonstrated that in some cases this ambiguity can be resolved by a combination of stoichiometric labeling of the ordered structures with subunit-specific antibody fragments (e.g. Fab) and image processing of the electron micrographs recorded from labeled and unlabeled structures.

Two-dimensional echocardiographic recognition of mural thrombi: In-vivo and in-vitro studies

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milutin Drobac ◽  
Harry Rakowski ◽  
Brian W. Gilbert ◽  
Michael X. Glynn ◽  
Malcolm D. Silver
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Two Dimensional

scholarly journals Recapitulating tumour microenvironment in chitosan–gelatin three-dimensional scaffolds: an improved in vitro tumour model

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (77) ◽  
pp. 3288-3302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Arya ◽  
Viren Sardana ◽  
Meera Saxena ◽  
Annapoorni Rangarajan ◽  
Dhirendra S. Katti
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Tumour Model

Owing to the reduced co-relationship between conventional flat Petri dish culture (two-dimensional) and the tumour microenvironment, there has been a shift towards three-dimensional culture systems that show an improved analogy to the same. In this work, an extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking three-dimensional scaffold based on chitosan and gelatin was fabricated and explored for its potential as a tumour model for lung cancer. It was demonstrated that the chitosan–gelatin (CG) scaffolds supported the formation of tumoroids that were similar to tumours grown in vivo for factors involved in tumour-cell–ECM interaction, invasion and metastasis, and response to anti-cancer drugs. On the other hand, the two-dimensional Petri dish surfaces did not demonstrate gene-expression profiles similar to tumours grown in vivo . Further, the three-dimensional CG scaffolds supported the formation of tumoroids, using other types of cancer cells such as breast, cervix and bone, indicating a possible wider potential for in vitro tumoroid generation. Overall, the results demonstrated that CG scaffolds can be an improved in vitro tool to study cancer progression and drug screening for solid tumours.

Glycosyl-Modified Diporphyrins for in Vitro and in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging

ChemBioChem ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wu ◽  
Zuo-Wei Yu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Dao-Fu Feng ◽  
Jia-Jia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
In Vivo Fluorescence ◽  
In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging

Osmoregulation of vasopressin in diabetic ketoacidosis

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. E723-E728
Author(s):  
J. A. Durr ◽  
W. H. Hoffman ◽  
J. Hensen ◽  
A. H. Sklar ◽  
T. el Gammal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Right

Osmoregulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) is altered in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). With hyperglycemia, the AVP-plasma sodium (PNa) curve is displaced to the left, whereas the AVP-osmolality (Posm) curve is displaced to the right. The shift in the Na curve is explained by either resetting of the Na set point or by glucose acting as a nonpermeable solute, substituting for Na. Conversely, putative unmeasured solutes that, like urea, fail to affect AVP have been postulated to account for the right shift in the AVP-Posm curve. Therefore the respective roles of Posm = sigma [Xi] and plasma tonicity (Pton = sigma [sigmaiXi]), i.e., the sum of concentrations of all solutes [Xi] corrected (Pton) or not (Posm) for their relative cell permeability (sigma i), were studied in DKA. Indeed, Posm = sigma [Xi] exceeds Pton = sigma [sigma iXi] in DKA, since sigma i less than 1 for glucose. Potential determinants of AVP release (Posm, Pton, and PNa) were monitored in 7 patients with DKA. Conventional correlation analysis and two-dimensional (2D) graphs reproduced the paradox of an opposite shift in PNa and Posm set points for AVP release. However, by using the concept of tonicity instead of osmolality, 3D plots instead of 2D graphs, and multiple regressions instead of correlations, the AVP-PNa and AVP-Pton curves did not appear displaced. The concept of tonicity resolved the paradox of both osmolality and Na thresholds reset in opposite directions. Indeed, in states where a solute like glucose (with sigma less than 1) contributes substantially to plasma osmolality, Posm measured in vitro by the osmometer greatly exceeds Pton perceived in vivo by the osmoreceptor.

scholarly journals P 211 In vitro and in vivo fluorescence spectral studies on the lens crystallines: Development of instrumentation

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. S195
Author(s):  
A. Matos ◽  
F. Alves ◽  
C. Fernandes ◽  
M.E. Azenha ◽  
C. Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Studies ◽  
In Vivo Fluorescence

scholarly journals Cerebrovascular Responses to Insulin in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1955-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad Venkateswera Gurunath Katakam ◽  
Ferenc Domoki ◽  
Laura Lenti ◽  
Tamás Gáspár ◽  
Adam Institoris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Type B ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Endothelial Denudation ◽  
Insulin Receptor Expression

Effects of insulin on cerebral arteries have never been examined. Therefore, we determined cerebrovascular actions of insulin in rats. Both PCR and immunoblot studies identified insulin receptor expression in cerebral arteries and in cultured cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs). Diameter measurements (% change) of isolated rat cerebral arteries showed a biphasic dose response to insulin with an initial vasoconstriction at 0.1 ng/mL (−9.7%±1.6%), followed by vasodilation at 1 to 100 ng/mL (31.9%±1.4%). Insulin also increased cortical blood flow in vivo (30%±8% at 120 ng/mL) when applied topically. Removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) abolished the vasoconstriction to insulin. Endothelial denudation, inhibition of K+ channels, and nitric oxide (NO) synthase, all diminished insulin-induced vasodilation. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enhanced vasodilation in endothelium-intact arteries, but promoted vasoconstriction after endothelial denudation. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase abolished vasoconstriction and enhanced vasodilation to insulin in all arteries. Inhibition of endothelin type A receptors enhanced vasodilation, whereas endothelin type B receptor blockade diminished vasodilation. Insulin treatment in vitro increased Akt phosphorylation in cerebral arteries and CMVECs. Fluorescence studies of CMVECs showed that insulin increased intracellular calcium and enhanced the generation of NO and ROS. Thus, cerebrovascular responses to insulin were mediated by complex mechanisms originating in both the endothelium and smooth muscle.

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