scholarly journals Documentary analysis of the pedagogical project of a Medicine course and teaching in Primary Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Luiz Moreira de Rezende ◽  
Bárbara Souza Rocha ◽  
Alessandra Vitorino Naghettini ◽  
Edna Regina Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Care Teaching ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Curriculum Guidelines ◽  
Undergraduate Medicine

Abstract The 2014 National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) for the medicine course provide for an education that focuses on primary care. The School of Medicine of Universidade Federal de Goiás, adapting itself to the new DCN, has developed a new Pedagogical Course Project (PCP). The objective of this study was to examine, through documentary analysis, the new PCP in the perspective of the 2014 DCN, based on the document “Guidelines for Primary Care Teaching in Undergraduate Medicine Courses”. Although the PCP covers most of the aspects related to primary care teaching, there is no reference to the teaching of the person-centered clinical method, popular health education, respect for patient autonomy, and shared decision-making. We hope, therefore, to subsidize changes in the current PCP and to stimulate other universities to approach these issues.

scholarly journals New National Curricular Guidelines of medical courses: opportunities to resignify education

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo José Monteiro Ferreira ◽  
Kelen Gomes Ribeiro ◽  
Magda Moura de Almeida ◽  
Maria do Socorro de Sousa ◽  
Marco Túlio Aguiar Mourão Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Action Research ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Medical Curricula ◽  
Curriculum Guidelines ◽  
Biomedical Paradigm

ABSTRACT The new National Curriculum Guidelines aim at restructuring and adapting medical curricula. The objective is to conduct a critical-reflective analysis of the restructure of a medical course’s curricular matrix. This action research was conducted at a Brazilian federal university. The material was analyzed using the discourse analysis method. Among the results, the proposal of a curriculum that values life and transfers the biomedical paradigm to incorporate other dimensions in healthcare is highlighted. The need to strengthen a curricular matrix based on social demands and preferably focused on primary care is indicated. The establishment of longitudinal and transversal relationships among the competency areas of the 2014 National Curricular Guidelines and the curricular components is proposed. The intention is to foster the understanding of determinants and relationships between diseases and the communities’ ways of living.

scholarly journals Extensionist experience of undergraduate students in medicine as part of the Mais Médicos para o Brasil [more doctors for Brazil] program

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (43) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Jucier Gonçalves Júnior ◽  
Sarah Cavalcante Brandão ◽  
Sandra Barreto Fernandes Silva ◽  
Emmanuela Quental Callou de Sá
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Curriculum Guidelines ◽  
Undergraduate Medicine ◽  
New Perspective

Problem: The new National Curriculum Guidelines of Undergraduate Medicine in Brazil propose that academics have contact with the health system and its users at an early stage. However, practical activities in undergraduate courses proved to be insufficient for the adequate development of this new perspective. Consequently, the experiences of university extension have the proposal to fill in this gap. Method: This article aimed to report the experiences of the scholarship holders of the Extension Project in Family and Community Medicine - ProMFC (Projeto de Extensão em Medicina de Família e Comunidade) under the More Doctors for Brazil Program – PMMB (Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil). This is a qualitative, experience-type study with lexical and content analysis from the software IRaMutTeQ, version 0.7 alpha 2, to establish an association between the terms used in the discourse of the ProMFC. Results: The opportunity to immerse in environments in which students can learn about the problems and share the daily life of the assisted community was highlighted. The exchange of knowledge and experiences among students, physicians working in Primary Health Care (fellows of the PMMB, supervisors and tutors) and local managers was also relevant, as well as the students’ ability to develop/train skills, such as teamwork, assertive communication, and health planning. Conclusion: The PMMB, tutored and integrated into an extension project, the ProMFC, is an alternative that, although embryonic, has many potentialities, as it allows the extensionists to be early inserted into the Attention Primary Health Care.

scholarly journals Nurse training in health in different regions in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S219-S228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carinne Magnago ◽  
Celia Regina Pierantoni ◽  
Cristiana Leite de Carvalho ◽  
Sabado Nicolau Girardi
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Nurse Training ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Curriculum Guidelines ◽  
Curricular Structure ◽  
The One ◽  
Teaching Learning

Abstract Objectives: to identify on the one hand whether there has been any changes in the nurse training in Brazil and on the other if regionalizing health incurred interference in this process. Methods: an exploratory research of a multiple case study in a qualitative approach developed between November 2015 and March 2017, in seven regions in Brazil. The data were collected by in-depth interviews with 16 administrators of the undergraduate courses in nursing and by documentary analysis of the Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos (Political Pedagogical Projects). Content analysis was undertaken by having the theoretical references of the Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (National Curriculum Guidelines). Results: varied profiles of undergraduates were observed with higher tendency for the basic level in health practice or for hospital level with competencies in health care that is still fragmented and not interdisciplinary. The curricular structure of the courses focuses on isolated disciplines with little or no interdisciplinary integration and the pedagogical model is based on traditional teaching-learning strategies and additional evaluation process. There were no differences in health among the regions. Conclusions: it is necessary in concomitance with the changes that are required in the field of training to undertake efforts in the development of health units and training institutions, which has already proven to be a factor of professional retention and regional development.

Assessment in Music Classes in China

2019 ◽  
pp. 338-357
Author(s):  
Dennis Ping-Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Education Assessment ◽  
Music Assessment ◽  
Chinese Music ◽  
Curriculum Guidelines ◽  
Valid Assessment

This chapter outlines the historical background and current development of music education assessment in China. Following the revision of the national curriculum guidelines in 2011, the chapter analyzes (1) the value of the national standards at different school levels, (2) how the national standards affect teachers and schools, and (3) how much the teachers read/follow the guidelines in China. This chapter investigates and examines how assessment policy and practice are used in Chinese music classrooms from elementary, middle, and high schools. Furthermore, it discusses how local music teachers assess their music students and the effectiveness of the national curriculum guidelines used in music classes. The author determines that the current practice of music assessment at all school levels in China is too basic and not diversified. Designing a valid assessment that allows students at all levels to demonstrate their learning outcomes seems to be necessary for music education in China.

Prudence in Shared Decision-Making: The Missing Link between the “Technically Correct” and the “Morally Good” in Medical Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Muleli Kioko ◽  
Pablo Requena Meana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Physician Patient Relationship ◽  
Good Healing ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physician Patient

Abstract Shared Decision-Making is a widely accepted model of the physician–patient relationship providing an ethical environment in which physician beneficence and patient autonomy are respected. It acknowledges the moral responsibility of physician and patient by promoting a deliberative collaboration in which their individual expertise—complementary in nature, equal in importance—is emphasized, and personal values and preferences respected. Its goal coincides with Pellegrino and Thomasma’s proximate end of medicine, that is, a technically correct and morally good healing decision for and with a particular patient. We argue that by perfecting the intellectual ability to apprehend the complexity of clinical situations, and through a perfection of the application of the first principles of practical reason, prudence is able to point toward the right and good shared medical decision. A prudent shared medical decision is therefore always in keeping with the kind of person the physician and the patient have chosen to be.

Choosing music: exploratory studies into the low uptake of music GCSE

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lamont ◽  
Karl Maton
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Music Curriculum ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
School Music ◽  
Musical Knowledge ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
The Right

School music has a comparatively low take-up rate as a qualification among English secondary school pupils. Existing research on the issue has proffered possible reasons for this phenomenon but has generally been piecemeal and undertheorised. This paper sets out a fresh theoretical perspective capable of providing a basis for systematic empirical research, and discusses the results of two exploratory studies. Drawing on legitimation code theory, a new approach in the sociology of education that focuses on the basis of achievement within educational contexts, the paper analyses National Curriculum, GCSE syllabi and pupils' attitudes towards a range of school subjects, including music. The documentary analysis highlights that earlier stages of the music curriculum emphasise either musical knowledge or musical dispositions of knowers, but music at GCSE level represents an ‘elite code’ where achievement depends upon both possessing specialist knowledge and being the right kind of knower. The study of pupils' attitudes suggests this code shift is recognised by pupils and may play a role in the low uptake of music for GCSE study. This new framework offers a firmer foundation for future empirical research into attitudes towards school subjects and subject choices.

Body and health in the training of health professionals: a mapping of scientific production

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Cristina Rocha Paranhos ◽  
Lívia De Rezende Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Health Curriculum ◽  
Academic Production ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Curriculum Guidelines ◽  
Theses And Dissertations ◽  
And Training

This article builds a mapping in order to analyze the theses and dissertations about body, health, curriculum and training of health professionals. For this, theses and dissertations were mapped in the period from 2010 to 2020 through a state-of-the-art study. The composition of the data is given by the presentation and discussion of the listed texts. As for research, these concern the production of bodies based on biotechnological discourses; professional training in health; others point to the curricula of health courses after the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN); the performance of health professionals in relation to the Unified Health System (SUS); teaching strategies for health training; corporeidity in the curricula, especially in the curricula of the Physical Education course; the anatomoclinical body and educational health practices. In this perspective, some contributions, limits and possibilities of this academic production were observed.

scholarly journals Computer knows best? The need for value-flexibility in medical AI

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind J McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
The Relationship

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being developed for use in medicine, including for diagnosis and in treatment decision making. The use of AI in medical treatment raises many ethical issues that are yet to be explored in depth by bioethicists. In this paper, I focus specifically on the relationship between the ethical ideal of shared decision making and AI systems that generate treatment recommendations, using the example of IBM’s Watson for Oncology. I argue that use of this type of system creates both important risks and significant opportunities for promoting shared decision making. If value judgements are fixed and covert in AI systems, then we risk a shift back to more paternalistic medical care. However, if designed and used in an ethically informed way, AI could offer a potentially powerful way of supporting shared decision making. It could be used to incorporate explicit value reflection, promoting patient autonomy. In the context of medical treatment, we need value-flexible AI that can both respond to the values and treatment goals of individual patients and support clinicians to engage in shared decision making.

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