scholarly journals Processing, nutritional composition and health benefits of finger millet in sub-saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shonisani Eugenia RAMASHIA ◽  
Tonna Ashim ANYASI ◽  
Eastonce Tend GWATA ◽  
Stephen MEDDOWS-TAYLOR ◽  
Afam Israel Obiefuna JIDEANI
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Fermented Edible Insects for Promoting Food Security in Africa

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Olamide Kewuyemi ◽  
Hema Kesa ◽  
Chiemela Enyinnaya Chinma ◽  
Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
Product Acceptability ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Sub Saharan

Efforts to attain sustainable nutritional diets in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are still below par. The continent is envisaged to face more impending food crises. This review presents an overview of common edible insects in Africa, their nutritional composition, health benefits and utilization in connection with fermentation to enrich the inherent composition of insect-based products and offer foods related to existing and generally preferred culinary practice. Attempts to explore fermentation treatments involving insects showed fermentation affected secondary metabolites to induce antimicrobial, nutritional and therapeutic properties. Available value-added fermented edible insect products like paste, powder, sauces, and insect containing fermented foods have been developed with potential for more. Novel fermented edible insect-based products could effectively fit in the continent’s food mix and therefore mitigate ongoing food insecurity, as well as to balance nutrition with health risk concerns limiting edible insects’ product acceptability in SSA.

scholarly journals Aggravated food insecurity in COVID-19 era: quality seed flow of adapted and nutrient-dense varieties is central to the recovery equation in the drylands

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Essegbemon Akpo ◽  
Chris O. Ojiewo ◽  
Mequanint B. Melesse ◽  
Ganga Rao ◽  
James Mwololo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Flow Equation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Good Utilization ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Delivery Models

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted every area of our daily activities and businesses. After the health crisis, the food crisis is the next battle to encounter, which will need to mobilize all energies to maintain social security and protect the citizens of the world. For sustained support and recovery of rural and urban populations, especially in the dryland areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, seed of the well-adapted, nutrient dense varieties should flow. The solution of quality seed flow equation is complex and involves several intervention areas, e.g., adapted and modern groundnut, chickpea, pigeonpea, sorghum and finger millet varieties, sustainable and long term approaches leveraging various seed production and delivery models, remote information and knowledge dissemination systems, digital seed production and delivery roadmaps, digitized variety release and promotion processes, smart food campaigns and trainings to promote good utilization of nutrient dense crops.

scholarly journals Some physical and functional properties of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) obtained in sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Ramashia ◽  
E.T. Gwata ◽  
S. Meddows-Taylor ◽  
T.A. Anyasi ◽  
A.I.O. Jideani
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Agromorphological Performance and Character Association of Finger Millet under Varying Phosphorus Regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Wafula Nelson Wekha ◽  
Nicholas Kibet Korir ◽  
Moses Siambi ◽  
Henry F. Ojulong ◽  
Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Semi Arid

Finger millet production on more than 30% of world arable land is limited by P availability and more than 70% in the semi-arid and marginalized areas which covers most of the Sub-Saharan Africa. Phosphorus is one of the most important elements significantly affecting plant growth and metabolism. Three finger millet varieties (U-15, P-224 and Ikhulule) were evaluated under four P fertilizer levels (0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5) at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Station, Alupe and the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Station, Kakamega during the long and short rainy seasons of 2015 with the aim of determining their agromorphological response and trait associations. The on-station experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial arrangement with three replications. The statistical analysis of phosphorus levels and variety exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) to stand vigor, plant height, leaf blade length, number of leaves and lodging. The results revealed that application of 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate led to the tallest plants (65.0 cm), longest leaf blades (58.0 cm) and highest number of leaves per plant (16) at Alupe site while 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate eliciting the tallest plants (58.79 cm), longest leaf blades (51.44 cm) and highest number of leaves per plant (13) at Kakamega site. The highest rate led to the greatest vigor in both sites for both seasons while the control had the poorest vigor. Variety P-224 showed the highest lodging count with 32 out of 246 plants per experimental unit during the rainy season at Kakamega. The unit increase in grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with increased values of the harvest index (r=0.375), number of leaves (r=0.393) and plant height (r=0.431) but negatively and significantly correlated to the 1000-grain mass (r=-0.578) and lodging (r=-0.233). The best phosphorus treatment for most of the parameters was 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 at Alupe while maximum levels of the study parameters were realized under the 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate at Kakamega.

Habitats and nutritional composition of selected edible insects in Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Musundire ◽  
C.J. Zvidzai ◽  
C. Chidewe ◽  
B.K. Samende ◽  
A. Chemura
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Insects As Food

Edible insects are gaining recognition as food with potential of contributing to attainment of household food security. In sub-Saharan Africa, sustainable use of insects as food is threatened by lack of data on host plants and habitatassociations. In addition, lack of nutritional data on most edible insects reduces consumer confidence and limits integration of insect consumption with other food sources. This study was undertaken to review, collate and assembledispersed information of some edible insects of Zimbabwe. Data on species identities, host plants and habitats weregathered for 14 species from reputable literature sources and Bulawayo Natural History Museum records. In addition, nutritional assessments were carried out on 10 widely consumed insects in Zimbabwe. Standard ecological samplingprocedures were used to collect insect specimens. Proximate analyses were conducted following the Association of Official Analytical Chemists standard procedures using dried pulverised material. Majority (60%) of reviewedinsects had reliable host plants and habitats records. More than half of these were recorded in agro-ecosystems. On dry matter basis, protein content ranged from 22%(Gryllotalpa africana) to 55.4% (Gonimbrasia belina); fat content ranged from 10.8% (G. africana) to 41.6% (Macrotermes natalensis). Ash content was >10% in the ground dwelling G. africana (12.6%) and Eulopida mashona larvae (10.9%). Wide species differences were recorded for carbohydrate content; 0.4% in M. natalensis and 47.2% in G. africana. Carbohydrates content was inversely relatedto protein and fat contents for all insects. Energy and fat contents were positively related in all the insects. Overall, insect species from this study have high proximate constituents that can match plant and animal products diets andcan be considered as potential viable alternative nutritious food sources. Findings from this study are expected to promote greater recognition of insects as food in Zimbabwe and encourage up-scaling of their sustainable utilisation.

scholarly journals Millets Cereal Grains: Nutritional Composition and Utilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shonisani Eugenia Ramashia ◽  
Mpho E. Mashau ◽  
Oluwatoyin O. Onipe
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Improve Food Security

Millets are small to medium size cereal grain crops that are cultivated throughout the tropics and subtropical region. The grains are used for food and fodder for feeding animals around the globe. Millets have great economic, health importance, gluten-free, have low glycemic index and are known as “nutra–cereals”. The grains are mostly utilised as a food source by population with lower socio-economic factors which are traditional consumers in the farm and village levels. They are rich sources of carbohydrates, protein, crude fibre, phytochemicals, minerals, and vitamins. They are processed by using different traditional processes such as soaking, germination, malting, fermentation, milling or grinding, cooking, roasting and popping. Millet grains/ flours are utilised and consumed as flat breads, biscuits, snacks, beverages, porridges, chapati, dosa, pastas. There is a need to produce new value-added products from millets which is underutilised crop to improve food security and prevent micronutrients deficiencies.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
Lado Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan
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