scholarly journals Optimization of extraction process for efficient imino acids recovery and purification from low-value sea cucumber

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 543-550
Author(s):  
Hai-Yan ZHOU ◽  
Ya-Li ZHANG ◽  
Sai-Jun LIN ◽  
Ya-Ping XUE ◽  
Yu-Guo ZHENG
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Imino Acids

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FOR MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE (MDR) BACTERIA BYSEA CUCUMBER Stichopus vastus EXTRACT FROM KARIMUNJAWA ISLANDS – INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delianis Pringgenies ◽  
Ali Ridlo ◽  
Nerva Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Sensitivity

The study aims to explore the antibacterial activity of Stichopus vastus against pathogenic MDR bacteria. Analysis of samples of sea cucumbers included extraction, fractionation, and analysis of bacterial sensitivity test Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), the extraction process is carried out by solid-liquid extraction method. Fractionation was done with Open-Column Chromatography (OCC). Sensitivity test of bacteria was done using an agar diffusion method according to the Kirby-Bauer (Ref). The study revealed that from 5 species MDR bacteria, which are Coagulant negative stapylococi (CNS), E. coli, Enterobacter 5, Klebsiella sp. dan Pseudomonas sp. There are two MDR bacteria had the most sensitive responses by the extract of sea cucumber, which were Enterobacter-5 and Klebsiella sp. The two bacteria were tested against five bioactive fractions obtained from OCC. Fraction criteria-2 had the highest antibacterial activity against Enterobacter-5 and Klebsiella sp, with serial concentration of 20 µg ∙ disc–1, 40 µg. disc–1 and 80 µg. disc–1.  Largest inhibition zone were obtained from 80 µg. disc–1 againts the two bacteria were (14.73 ± 0.48) mm and (11.22 ± 0.85) mm respectively.  GC-MS Analysis revealed that fraction criteria-2 had (or consisted of) cyclohexhane, ethanol, butanoic and pentanoic acids. Keywords: antibacterial activity, multi drug resistance (MDR), sea cucumber, Stichopus vastus

A Review on Molecular Mechanisms and Patents of Marine-derived Anti-thrombotic Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Doshi ◽  
Namrata Nailwal
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Promising Treatment

Abstract: Thrombosis is a condition of major concern worldwide as it is associated with life-threatening diseases related to the cardiovascular system. The condition affects annually 1 in 1000 adults whereas 1 in 4 dies due to thrombosis and this increases as the age group increases. The major outcomes are considered to be a recurrence, bleeding due to commercially available anticoagulants and deaths. The side effects associated with available anti-thrombotic drugs are a point of concern. Therefore, it is necessary to discover and develop an improvised benefit-risk profile drug, so in search of alternative therapy for the treatment of thrombosis, marine sources have found to be used as promising treatment agents. They have shown the presence of sulfated fucans/galactans, fibrinolytic proteases, diterpenes, glycosaminoglycan, glycoside, peptides, amino ac-ids, sterols, polysaccharides, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. Out of these marine sources, many chemicals are found to be have anti-thrombotic activities. This review focuses on the recent discovery of anti-thrombotic agents obtained from marine algae, sponges, mussels and sea cucumber along with their mechanism of action and patents on its extraction process, preparation methods and their applications. Further, the article concludes with the author insight related to marine drugs which have a promising future.

scholarly journals UJI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN UJI BSLT PADA EKSTRAK KASAR Holothuria scabra DENGAN BERBAGAI PELARUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-636
Author(s):  
Ardi Ardiansyah ◽  
Abdullah Rasyid ◽  
Aji Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra

Holothuria scabra is one of high-value sea cucumber. The beneficial aspect of sea cucumbers is determined by the source of raw materials. The extraction process is a process that happens before sea cucumbers are used. In this process, the use of a various solvent is not only to facilitate the production process but also to maintain the active material. Also, the amount of yield obtained in the extraction process becomes a consideration in the production process. One of the benefits that are often claimed is antioxidants. This study aims to determine the yield of sea cucumbers after the extraction process by maceration with various types of solvents then antioxidant testing was carried out with DPPH followed by BSLT test. It was commonly used and easy to do. Besides, BSLT test was carried out to determine the initial toxicity and potency to be developed as antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer candidates. Results showed that the highest yield was 8.98% produced by dry sea cucumber samples extracted with ethanol PA 70% ethanol (code T5). In the results of the antioxidant tests, the best IC50 comes from dried sea cucumber extracted using ethyl acetate (code T2 and T3) with 1140 ± 0.00 ppm and1140 ± 10 ppm respectively. In the BSLT test results, the lowest LC50 was shown by extract using 100% methanol PA solvent (T4 code), with 108 ppm.

scholarly journals Characterization of Marine Organism Extracellular Matrix-Anchored Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biological Effect on the Alleviation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Sung-Han Jo ◽  
Seon-Hwa Kim ◽  
Changsu Kim ◽  
Sang-Hyug Park
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Representative marine materials such as biopolymers and bioceramics contain bioactive properties and are applied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The marine organism-derived extracellular matrix (ECM), which consists of structural and functional molecules, has been studied as a biomaterial. It has been used to reconstruct tissues and improve biological functions. However, research on marine-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) among marine functional materials is limited. Recent studies on marine-derived EVs were limited to eco-system studies using bacteria-released EVs. We aimed to expand the range of representative marine organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and echinoderms; establish the extraction process; and study the bioactivity capability of marine EVs. Results confirmed that marine organism ECM-anchored EVs (mEVs) have a similar morphology and cargos to those of EVs in land animals. To investigate physiological effects, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-infected macrophages were treated with EVs derived from sea cucumber, fish, and shrimp. A comparison of the expression levels of inflammatory cytokine genes revealed that all types of mEVs alleviated pro-inflammatory cytokines, although to different degrees. Among them, the sea cucumber-derived EVs showed the strongest suppression ability. This study showed that research on EVs derived from various types of marine animals can lead to the development of high value-added therapeutics from discarded marine wastes.

Freeze-Etch Crystal-Like Structures in Membranous Glomerulosclerosis

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Burton B. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Donor Kidney ◽  
Unknown Substance ◽  
Etched Surface ◽  
Standard Fixation ◽  
Diseased Kidney

Tissue from a non-functional kidney affected with chronic membranous glomerulosclerosis was removed at time of trnasplantation. Recipient kidney tissue and donor kidney tissue were simultaneously fixed for electron microscopy. Primary fixation was in phosphate buffered gluteraldehyde followed by infiltration in 20 and then 40% glycerol. The tissues were frozen in liquid Freon and finally in liquid nitrogen. Fracturing and replication of the etched surface was carried out in a Denton freeze-etch device. The etched surface was coated with platinum followed by carbon. These replicas were cleaned in a 50% solution of sodium hypochlorite and mounted on 400 mesh copper grids. They were examined in an Siemens Elmiskop IA. The pictures suggested that the diseased kidney had heavy deposits of an unknown substance which might account for its inoperative state at the time of surgery. Such deposits were not as apparent in light microscopy or in the standard fixation methods used for EM. This might have been due to some extraction process which removed such granular material in the dehydration steps.

Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills- Part II: Techno-economic evaluation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Precipitation Process

The evaluation and process risk assessment of (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction for recovery boiler debottlenecking in an existing pulp mill is presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the July 2012 issue of TAPPI Journal. In Part II, the economic assessment of the two biorefinery process options is presented and interpreted. A mill process model was developed using WinGEMS software and used for calculating the mass and energy balances. Investment costs, operating costs, and profitability of the two biorefinery options have been calculated using standard cost estimation methods. The results show that the two biorefinery options are profitable for the case study mill and effective at process debottlenecking. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) of the lignin precipitation process option was estimated to be 95%, while that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option was 28%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the after tax-IRR of the lignin precipitation process remains higher than that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option, for all changes in the selected sensitivity parameters. If we consider the after-tax IRR, as well as capital cost, as selection criteria, the results show that for the case study mill, the lignin precipitation process is more promising than the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. However, the comparison between the two biorefinery options should include long-term evaluation criteria. The potential of high value-added products that could be produced from lignin in the case of the lignin precipitation process, or from ethanol and acetic acid in the case of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process, should also be considered in the selection of the most promising process option.

Evaluation of Resistant Starch Quality from Different Types of Banana in Batter Coating Formulation to Reduce Oil Absorption in Fried Food

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Karissha Fritzi Della ◽  
Mutiara Pratiwi ◽  
Purwa Tri Cahyana ◽  
Maria DPT Gunawan-Puteri
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coating Formulation

Fried food is convenient for many people due to its pleasant texture and taste. On the other hand, it comes with the risk of high oil absorption which might lead to certain health problems. Resistant starch (RS) has been known to have a functionality of reducing oil absorption. Three different types of banana: Kepok (Musa paradisiaca formatypica), Raja Bulu (Musa paradisiaca L.) and Ambon (Musa paradisiaca L. var sapientum) were evaluated on its performance when utilized as source of resistant starch especially on their application in reducing oil absorption in fried food. Tempeh was used as the food model. Banana starch (RS2) was isolated through water alkaline extraction process, continued with modification process through three repeated cycles of autoclaving-cooling process to obtain the RS3. RS3 was added into the batter coating formulation at three substitution ratios (10%, 30% and 50%) and then used to coat tempeh before frying. Evaluation of resistant starch in batter and battered productwas conducted on the following parameters: fat content, water retention capacity (WRC), coating pick up and sensory analysis. The result of this study revealed that Raja Bulu showed the most effective result on reducing oil absorption in the food tested. In the three bananas used, the ratio of 50% performed best in coating pick up (highest), WRC (highest) and fat content(lowest) parameters, but not significantly different with the 30% ratio. In terms of sensory acceptance, using Raja Bulu as the selected banana type, 30% of substitution ratio was significantly more preferable by the panelists in crispness, oiliness, and overall acceptance attributes compared to control and other substitution ratios.

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