scholarly journals Study on viscosity modification of human and formula milk for infants with dysphagia

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Bartha de Mattos Almeida ◽  
Saint Clair Gomes Júnior ◽  
Jonas Borges da Silva ◽  
Danielle Aparecida da Silva ◽  
Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Thickening Agent ◽  
Viscosity Modification ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the modification of the viscosity of human milk and infant formula. Methods: three studies were performed to assess the viscosity and effect of time on infant formula with a thickener, at concentrations of 2, 3, and 5%, as well as raw and pasteurized human milk at concentrations of 2, 3, 5, and 7% at 37ºC, for 60 minutes. Rice cereal was used as a thickening agent. The viscosity was evaluated using a Ford Cup-type viscometer, and the samples were analyzed at 20-minute intervals. Significant differences were assessed using the ANOVA test. Results: no significant differences in viscosity were observed over time in concentrations of 2, 3, and 5%. There was a difference in the viscosity between human milk and infant formula, in concentrations of 2% and 5%, 2% and 7%, 3% and 5%, and 3% and 7%, independently of the time intervals evaluated. Conclusion: the findings of this study demonstrate the need for different concentrations of the thickening agent for human milk and infant formula. Rice cereal is a suitable therapeutic option for newborns presented with dysphagia in concentrations of 2, 3, 5, and 7%, due to its effect on the viscosity and flow reduction, provided that the feeding time is considered.

scholarly journals Osmolality analysis of human milk and an infant formula with modified viscosity for use in infants with dysphagia

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-777
Author(s):  
Mariangela Bartha de Mattos Almeida ◽  
Saint Clair Gomes Júnior ◽  
Jonas Borges da Silva ◽  
Danielle Aparecida da Silva ◽  
Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Thickening Agent ◽  
Time Zero ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the effects of a thickening agent on the osmolality of human milk and on an infant formula, with respect to concentration and time. Methods: six trials were performed to evaluate the osmolality of a natural and thickened infant formula, raw human milk, and pasteurized human milk. Rice cereal was used as a thickening agent (at concentrations of 2%, 3%, 5%, and 7%). Osmolality was measured using the Advanced Micro Osmometer Model 3300 after sample preparation periods of 0-60 minutes. Statistical evaluations were performed using ANOVA. Results: pasteurized human milk exhibited time- and concentration-dependent variation in osmolality. The osmolality of raw human milk differed among time points and between the samples with 5% and 7%, when compared to the non-thickened milk. The infant formula did not show differences in osmolality with respect to time. At time zero, there were differences in osmolality between the infant formula samples with 2%, 3%, and 5% thickener. At other time points, there were differences in osmolality between the sample with a 5% thickener and the non-thickened formula. Conclusion: the osmolality of diets varied over time and according to the concentration of thickener in human milk and the infant formula. However, the observed variation remained within the recommended parameters, indicating that rice cereal is a safe thickener for the feeding of infants presented with mild or moderate oropharyngeal dysphagia.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Methodology for Setting Up Inspection Time Intervals in Conditional Preventive Maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8715
Author(s):  
Rui Assis ◽  
Pedro Carmona Marques
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Over Time

In periodic condition monitoring, the main problem lies in determining the inspection time intervals. This paper presents a new method for setting an optimum calendar to inspect a critical component that fails due to wear and tear as described by a Weibull probability function. By considering a set of inspection intervals, such that reliability between every two inspections is kept equal or below a pre-set threshold while keeping the total costs of inspection, degraded production, consequences of failure, and repair to a minimum. The resulting calendar may be adjusted dynamically over time as inspections take place and test results are found to be negative, by considering the inspector’s confidence in the test and the likelihood of the method’s yielding false negatives. Consequently, the method becomes self-adjustable as it returns a new calendar after the observations of each test are known and properly interpreted. There are several studies that deal with this issue, but none addresses the concept of safe and unsafe time windows which results from merging two other concepts: descendant inspection time intervals and the time delay between a potential failure and a functional failure (the P–F period).

A human milk oligosaccharide, 2′-fucosyllactose, enhances the immunity in mice fed an infant formula milk diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Mao ◽  
Jianwu Wang ◽  
Yuanxin Hang ◽  
Yanchun Zhang ◽  
Huanhuan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharide ◽  
Infant Formula Milk ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharide

scholarly journals Cariogenic potential of cows', human and infant formula milks and effect of fluoride supplementation

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Celia Rocha Peres ◽  
Luciane Cristina Coppi ◽  
Maria Cristina Volpato ◽  
Francisco Carlos Groppo ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cariogenicity of cows', human and infant formula milks, supplemented or not with fluoride, in rats. Sixty female Wistar rats were desalivated and infected withStreptococcus sobrinus6715.Animals were divided into six groups: group 1, sterilised deionised distilled water (SDW; negative control); group 2, 5 % sucrose added to SDW (positive control); group 3, human milk; group 4, cows' milk; group 5, Ninho®formula reconstituted with SDW; group 6, Ninho®formula reconstituted with 10 parts per million F and SDW. At day 21 the animals were killed and their jaws removed to quantify total cultivable microbiota,Strep. sobrinusand dental caries. The concentration of carbohydrate and fluoride in the milks was analysed. The Kruskal–Wallis test (α = 5 %) was used to analyse the data. The caries score by the milk formula was as high as that provoked by sucrose. Regarding smooth-surface caries, human milk was statistically more cariogenic than cows' milk, which did not differ from the SDW and the Ninho®with fluoride (P>0·05). Groups 2–6 showed higherStrep. sobrinuscounts when compared with the negative control group (P < 0·05) but no statistically significant difference was found among them (P>0·05). HPLC analysis showed that infant formula had 9·3 % sucrose and 3·6 % reducing sugars. The infant formula should be considered cariogenic due to the sugars found in it, but fluoride supplementation reduced its cariogenic effect. The human milk was more cariogenic than the cows' milk but not as much as the formula milk.

Levels of Trace Elements in Human Breast Milk in Jordan: a Comparison with Infant Formula Milk Powder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya R. Tahboub ◽  
Adnan M. Massadeh ◽  
Nihaya A. Al-sheyab ◽  
Diab El shrafat ◽  
Israa A. Nsserat
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Infant Formula Milk

scholarly journals Human Milk Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 089033442110301
Author(s):  
Hannah G. Juncker ◽  
M. Romijn ◽  
Veerle N. Loth ◽  
Tom G. Caniels ◽  
Christianne J.M. de Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Milk Antibodies ◽  
Over Time

Background: Human milk contains antibodies against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). These antibodies may serve as protection against COVID-19 in infants. However, the evolution of these human milk antibodies over time is unclear. Research Aim: To elucidate the evolution of immunoglobulin A (IgA) against SARS-CoV-2 in human milk after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This longitudinal follow-up study included lactating mothers ( N = 24) who had participated in the COVID MILK study. To assess the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, serum and human milk samples were collected 14–143 days after the onset of clinical symptoms related to COVID-19. Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay was used to detect antibodies against the ectodomain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Results: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies remain present up to 5 months (143 days) in human milk after onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 IgA in human milk seems to gradually decrease over time. Conclusion: Human milk from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent lactating mothers contains specific IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein up to at least 5 months post-infection. Passive viral immunity can be transferred via human milk and may serve as protection for infants against COVID-19. Dutch Trial Register on May 1st, 2020, number: NL 8575, URL: https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8575 .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document