scholarly journals Effects of Proficiency in Muscle Hardness Measurement, Different Instruments, and Positioning on the Intra-rater and the Inter-rater Reliabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-698
Author(s):  
Kazunori MOROZUMI ◽  
Katsuyuki MORISHITA ◽  
Masahiro AOKI ◽  
Yuka YOKOI
Keyword(s):  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Muscle Hardness

Muscle hardness measurement by using ultrasound elastography: a feasibility study

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Niitsu ◽  
Akie Michizaki ◽  
Asako Endo ◽  
Hitoshi Takei ◽  
Osamu Yanagisawa
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Muscle Hardness

scholarly journals Reliability of Trapezius Muscle Hardness Measurement: A Comparison between Portable Muscle Hardness Meter and Ultrasound Strain Elastography

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7200
Author(s):  
Tomonori Sawada ◽  
Hiroki Okawara ◽  
Daisuke Nakashima ◽  
Shuhei Iwabuchi ◽  
Morio Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Shoulder Stiffness ◽  
Strain Elastography ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Muscle Hardness ◽  
Hardness Values

Prolonged computer work and smartphone use can cause stiffness of the neck and shoulder muscles, including the trapezius muscle. Hence, muscle hardness quantification is clinically beneficial. The present study aimed to examine the reliability of trapezius muscle hardness measurement using a portable muscle hardness meter and ultrasound strain elastography. Overall, 20 healthy young men participated in this study. Prior to measurement, the participant’s subjective symptoms, particularly shoulder muscle stiffness, were rated using an 11-point verbal scale. Furthermore, hardness of the right and left upper trapezius muscles was assessed. In the strain elastography assessment, muscle hardness was evaluated using strain ratio. Results showed that, in quantifying upper trapezius muscle hardness, both portable muscle hardness meter and strain elastography had an excellent intra-tester reliability (>0.9). However, the correlation coefficients between muscle hardness values assessed using a muscle hardness meter and those evaluated with strain elastography did not significantly differ, and the scores for subjective shoulder stiffness did not correspond to muscle hardness values. Therefore, the hardness of the trapezius muscle does not directly reflect the subjective shoulder stiffness. Future studies should thoroughly examine the location of the shoulder stiffness, and check whether it is accompanied by local pain or tenderness.

Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructures and Hardness of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 937 ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Quan An Li ◽  
Lei Lei Chen ◽  
Wen Chuang Liu ◽  
Xing Yuan Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Zr Alloy

The influence of the solution treatment (at the temperature of 500-520°C for 4-12 h) on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy was investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vickers hardness measurement. The as-cast alloy contains a microstructure consisting of α-Mg matrix, Mg5Gd phase and Mg24Y5phase. With increasing solution temperature and time, the quantity of the primary particles (Mg5Gd and Mg24Y5) in the alloy continually decreased, and the degree of recrystallization gradually increased, which result in the gradual decrease of the Vickers hardness of the solution-treated alloys.

scholarly journals Effect of Ti Addition to Age Hardening Response of Al-10Zn-6MgxTi Alloy Produced by Squeeze Casting

2018 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Dwi Ayu Nurcahyaningsih ◽  
Risly Wijanarko ◽  
Irene Angela ◽  
Bondan Tiara Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Squeeze Casting ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Peak Hardness ◽  
7Xxx Alloy ◽  
Ti Addition

This research focused on investigating the effects of Ti addition on the age hardening response of Al 7xxx alloy for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbine impeller application in power plant generators. Al-10Zn-6Mg wt. % alloys were produced by squeeze casting with 0.02, 0.05, and 0.25 wt. % Ti addition. As-cast samples were homogenized at 400 °C for 4 h. Solution treatment was conducted at 440 °C for 1 h, followed by quenching and ageing at 130 °C for 200 h. Age hardening result was observed using Rockwell B hardness measurement. Other characterizations included impact testing, STA, optical microscopy, and SEM-EDS. Results showed that the addition of Ti in all content variations increased the as-cast hardness due to the diminution of secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) values of the alloy. Ageing at 130 °C strengthened the alloys, however the addition of Ti was not found to affect neither peak hardness nor impact values of the alloy. Identities of second phases formed during solidification were found to be T (Mg32(Al,Zn)49), β (Al8Mg5), and TiAl3, while precipitates produced during ageing were GP Zone, η′, and η (MgZn2).

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