scholarly journals Temporal Change of Tissue Blood Oxygen Saturation in Rat Skeletal Muscle after Blood Flow Restriction by Manchette

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Tetsuo IMANO ◽  
Masanobu MURAO ◽  
Junichi AKIYAMA ◽  
Teruhiko KAWAKAMI ◽  
Masaaki NAKAJIMA
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Flow Restriction

scholarly journals Effects of combined treatment with blood flow restriction and low-current electrical stimulation on muscle hypertrophy in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 1288-1296
Author(s):  
Madoka Yoshikawa ◽  
Takeshi Morifuji ◽  
Tomohiro Matsumoto ◽  
Noriaki Maeshige ◽  
Minoru Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

This study aimed to clarify the effects of a combined treatment comprising blood flow restriction and low-current electrical stimulation on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into control (Cont), blood flow restriction (Bfr), electrical stimulation (Es), or Bfr with Es (Bfr + Es) groups. Pressure cuffs (80 mmHg) were placed around the thighs of Bfr and Bfr + Es rats. Low-current Es was applied to calf muscles in the Es and Bfr + Es rats. In experiment 1, a 1-day treatment regimen (5-min stimulation, followed by 5-min rest) was delivered four times to study the acute effects. In experiment 2, the same treatment regimen was delivered three times/wk for 8 wk. Body weight, muscle mass, changes in maximal isometric contraction, fiber cross-sectional area of the soleus muscle, expression of phosphorylated and total-ERK1/2, phosphorylated-rpS6 Ser235/236, phosphorylated and total Akt, and phosphorylated-rpS6 Ser240/244 were measured. Bfr and Es treatment alone failed to induce muscle hypertrophy and increase the expression of phosphorylated rpS6 Ser240/244. Combined Bfr + Es upregulated muscle mass, increased the fiber cross-sectional area, and increased phosphorylated rpS6 Ser240/244 expression and phosphorylated rpS6 Ser235/236 expression compared with controls. Combined treatment with Bfr and low-current Es can induce muscle hypertrophy via activation of two protein synthesis signaling pathways. This treatment should be introduced for older patients with sarcopenia and others with muscle weakness. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the acute and chronic effect of low-current electrical stimulation with blood flow restriction on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and the mechanisms controlling the hypertrophic response. Low-current electrical stimulation could not induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, but a combination treatment did. Blood lactate and growth hormone levels were increased in the early response. Moreover, activation of ERK1/2 and mTOR pathways were observed in both the acute and chronic response, which contribute to muscle hypertrophy.

A study of the blood flow restriction pressure of a tourniquet system to facilitate development of a system that can prevent musculoskeletal complications

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Maeda, MD, PhD ◽  
Hideaki Iwase, PhD ◽  
Akio Kanda, MD, PhD ◽  
Itaru Morohashi, MD, PhD ◽  
Kazuo Kaneko, MD, PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
Flow Restriction

Background: After an emergency or disaster, subsequent trauma can cause severe bleeding and this can often prove fatal, so promptly stopping that bleeding is crucial to preventing avoidable trauma deaths. A tourniquet is often used to restrict blood flow to an extremity. In operation and hospital, the tourniquet systems currently in use are pneumatically actuated by an air compressor, so they must have a steady power supply. These devices have several drawbacks: they vibrate and are noisy since they are pneumatically actuated and they are far from portable since they are large and heavy.Introduction: Presumably, the drawbacks of pneumatic tourniquets could be overcome by developing a small, lightweight, vibration-free, quiet, and battery- powered tourniquet system. The current study built a small, vibration-free electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pump and then used that pump to restrict blood flow to the leg of rats in an experiment. This study explored the optimal conditions for effective restriction of blood flow by assessing biochemical and musculoskeletal complications following the restriction of blood flow, and this study also examined whether or not an EHD pump could be used to actuate a tourniquet system.Methods: A tourniquet cuff (width 12 mm × length 150 mm, material: polyolefin) was placed on the thigh of Wistar rats and pressure was applied for 2 hours by a device that uses EHD phenomena to generate pressure (an EHD pump). Animals were divided into four groups based on how much compressive pressure was applied with a tourniquet: 40 kPa (300 mm Hg, n = 13),  30 kPa (225 mm Hg, n = 12), 20 kPa (150 mm Hg, n = 15), or 0 kPa (controls, n = 25). Tissue oxygen saturation (regional oxygen saturation, denoted here as rSO2) was measured to assess the restriction of blood flow. To assess behavior once blood flow resumed, animal activity was monitored for third day and the amount of movement was counted with digital counters. Body weight was measured before and after the behavioral experiment, and changes in body weight were determined. Blood was sampled after a behavioral experiment and biochemically assessed and creatine kinase (CK) levels were measured.Results: Tissue oxygen saturation decreased significantly in each group. When a tourniquet was applied at a pressure of 30 kPa or more, tissue oxygen saturation decreased significantly. The amount of movement (the count) over third day decreased more when a tourniquet was applied at a higher pressure. The control group resumed the same amount of movement per day second after blood flow resumed. Animals to which a tourniquet was applied at a pressure of 20 or 30 kPa resumed the same amount of movement third day after blood flow resumed. In contrast, animals to which a tourniquet was applied at a pressure of 40 kPa did not resume the same amount of movement third day after blood flow resumed. After the behavioral experiment, animals to which a tourniquet was applied at a pressure of 40 kPa had a significantly lower body weight in comparison to the control group. After the behavioral experiment, animals to which a tourniquet was applied at a pressure of 40 kPa had significantly elevated CK levels in comparison to the control group.Discussion and Conclusion: A relationship between blood flow restriction pressure and tissue oxygen saturation was noted. rSO2 measurement can be used to assess the restriction of blood flow during surgery. On the basis of the decrease in rSO2, blood flow was effectively restricted at a pressure of 30 kPa or more. When, however, blood flow was restricted at a pressure of 40 kPa, weight loss and decreased movement were noted and CK levels increased after the behavioral experiment. Thus, complications had presumably developed due to damage to muscle tissue. These findings indicate that blood flow was effectively restricted in this experiment and they also indicate the existence of an optimal blood flow restriction pressure that does not cause musculoskeletal complications. The pressure in question was around 30 kPa. The tourniquet system that was developed here is actuated with an EHD pump that is still in the trial stages. That said, its pressure can readily be controlled and this pump could be used in a tourniquet system since it is quiet, vibration-free, and small. The pressure of this pump can be finely adjusted to prevent musculoskeletal complications.

scholarly journals The effects of practical vascular blood flow restriction training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P18 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'Halloran ◽  
Bill Campbell ◽  
Nicholas Martinez ◽  
Shane O’Connor ◽  
Jonathan Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

Autoregulation of blood flow by oxygen lack

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe M. Ross ◽  
Hilton M. Fairchild ◽  
Joe Weldy ◽  
Arthur C. Guyton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Adequate Supply ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Flow Through

The effect of hemoglobin oxygen saturation upon blood flow through the hind leg of the dog was studied by perfusing the femoral arteries of five normal dogs with blood, the oxygen saturation of which was varied between 100% and 0%, and by perfusing the femoral arteries of nine spinal animals with blood, the oxygen saturation of which was varied between 100% and 10%. The blood saturation was controlled in the following manner: The blood was obtained from the lower lobe of the left lung as it was respired with a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. By varying the ratio of the mixture, the blood oxygen saturation could be controlled exactly. Decreasing the oxygen saturation stepwise caused a correlated increase in blood flow through the leg. The results have shown that blood flow in the nonspinal dogs increased to an average of 3.4 times the normal value as oxygen saturation fell from 100% to 0%. In the spinal dogs blood flow increased to an average of 3.1 times normal as oxygen saturation fell from 100% to 10%. These experiments demonstrate that the local tissues can autoregulate their blood flow to help maintain an adequate supply of oxygen.

Effects of Chronic Blood-Flow Restriction Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Size and Myogenic Satellite Cell Expression

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 1032-1033
Author(s):  
Per Aagaard ◽  
Mikkel Jacobsen ◽  
Kasper Y. Jensen ◽  
Jakob L. Nielsen ◽  
Jens Bülow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Cell Expression
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