scholarly journals Effect of Light Fingertip Contact in the One-leg Standing Position: Basic Study of Locomotion Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-557
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki ARAI ◽  
Kenta ITO ◽  
Yuuta TAKAHASHI ◽  
Kohei MARUYA ◽  
Toshiki HOSOI ◽  
...  
Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Ho-Jin Shin ◽  
Hwi-Young Cho

A variety of robotic exoskeletons have been developed for patients with spinal cord injuries. However, the optimal training method and period for using a robotic exoskeleton have been uncertain until now. The purpose of this study is to determine the minimum training period for using a robotic exoskeleton with minimal muscle activity by investigating the changes in muscle activity and muscle characteristics of healthy adults during robotic exoskeleton training. A total of 16 people participated in the study. The robotic exoskeleton locomotion training consisted of three 50-min sessions a week for 7 weeks. The assessment consisted of sitting, standing, wide standing, sit-to-stand, and stand-to-sit where muscle activity and muscle characteristics were measured during each motion. All measurements were performed in the first session and every five sessions. Participants showed decreased muscle activity up to 10 sessions of training in the standing position, and 15 sessions in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit motions. Upper extremity muscles showed decreased muscle activity, tone, stiffness, and logarithmic decrement up to the 15th session. The study results show that at least 15 training sessions are required to use the robotic exoskeleton with minimal load on the musculoskeletal system, and longer training is required for patients with spinal cord injury.


Antiquity ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 30 (119) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Newall ◽  
R.J.C. Atkinson

An up-to-date book on Stonehenge by Mr Atkinson is indeed a great acquisition; it is a book for the intelligent reader as well as for the archaeologist, and is by far the best book on the subject that has so far been written.The author explains how a potsherd or stone, when carelessly thrown away, will gradually sink owing to the action of earth worms, through the earthy top-soil till it reaches an impermeable layer, so that where, as here, the soil is shallow a layer is formed containing objects of all periods. Such a statement made in the 1920’s was laughed at. Further, he goes on to say (p. 168) : ‘The one thing about Stonehenge upon which everyone is agreed is that it is primarily a “temple,” a structure in which it was possible for man to establish contact and communication with extra-mundane forces or beings’. No one in the nineteen-twenties could have made such a statement and survived. Abercromby said it in his book (Bronze Age Pottery, 1912), and his chapter on Stonehenge is still well worth reading, but it is never quoted or referred to. It was Abercromby, not the present reviewer, who first pointed out the importance of the south-westem end of the axis. The only obvious error noticed (p. 195) is the statement that Colonel Hawley was Director of the Society of Antiquaries. However, this slight error is amply made up for by the forty photographs, all but six of which reveal some feature never before published and probably not even photographed; one of them (plate II : Stonehenge from the north) has an artistic quality that no other photograph I can recall has ever had. The effect of light and shade is most beautiful.


2020 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-758
Author(s):  
Andreas Rais ◽  
Werner Poschenrieder ◽  
Jan-Willem G. van de Kuilen ◽  
Hans Pretzsch

Abstract Controlling the long-term effect of management on the quantity and properties of individual boards is a fundamental challenge for silviculture. Within this basic study on Douglas-fir, we have investigated the sensitivity of the net present value (NPV) to three most common planting densities and a prominent pruning strategy. We therefore have applied an individual tree growth model, which represents intrinsic stem structure as a result of crown competition. The model extrapolated board strength development to the rotational age of 70 years, starting from real and comprehensive data recorded from experimental Douglas-fir plots at the age of 20 years. Total volume production increased from about 1600 m3 ha−1 for 1000 and 2000 trees ha−1 to 1800 m3 ha−1 for 4000 trees ha−1. The economic superiority of the lowest density stands increased considering the NPV at inflation-adjusted interest rates of 0%, 2% and 4%: Given an interest rate of 2% and no pruning, the NPV at 2000 was at about 50% of the one at 1000 trees ha−1. The NPV at 4000 trees ha−1 was even negative. Generally, artificial pruning was not effective. The revealed financial trade-off between growth and timber quality in young stands underlines the importance of silvicultural guidelines, which quantify the effect of management on yield per strength class and financial outcome.


1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf E. Haagensen ◽  
Karl-Ake Sjöborg ◽  
Stig Mjelstad ◽  
Rescue man ◽  
Petter A. Steen

AbstractIntroduction: A case is presented in which a 43-year-old man suffering from a severe asthma attack, had ventilatory arrest during a hoisting procedure. Based on this experience, the influence of three hoisting techniques on lung function was tested.Methods: The ventilatory capacity of 12 healthy volunteers was tested during three commonly used hoisting techniques: 1) single sling; 2) double sling; or 3) strapped to a stretcher.Results: The vital capacity (VC) and the one-second, forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were reduced significantly during all hoisting techniques compared to the standing position. The reduction was significantly more pronounced on a stretcher than in either sling position. There were no differences in the FEV1 to VC ratio between the positions.Conclusion: The small reduction in ventilatory capacity during hoisting procedures is tolerated easily by healthy individuals, but should be taken into account when planning such procedures on patients with severe pulmonary disease.


rahatulquloob ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Fakhar ud din ◽  
Dr. Shahab Ashraf Khatak

The beauty of religion Islam is not only to provide the complete life style and charter for one to lead his life smoothly but it flourishes the human life with its eternal directions and commands full of hidden pleasures coupled with physical and spiritual care of human body. In fact, the everlasting religion comprised of such rulings that help individuals in every walk of life until and unless these rulings are implemented and executed in a proper way according to the prescribed codes of Almighty Allah and his Messenger, Prophet Muhammad PBUH. The thorough study of Shariah rulings reveals the fact that to protect the man’s life or even to make it in comfort and ease, the gradual and steady relaxation has been observed like the one unable to perform prayer in standing position, legitimate for him to sit or even through gestures according to the status of his illness and disease. Similarly, the fasting is important part of Worship, obligation upon Muslim to observe fasting during Ramadan with intentions to get Allah’s pleasure and piousness. This research study emphasis on highlighting the shariah rulings about the medication during fasting in order to know the extent of use, specification in drugs like injections and drips along with some relevant discussion about the spirit of medicine permission. The study will be the real addition to the knowledge and will be fine guidance for the Practiced Muslims.


2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (662) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoung woo KO ◽  
Dong gi LEE ◽  
Hsin chen CHIANG ◽  
Takaaki KOGA ◽  
Kotaroh HIRATE

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document