scholarly journals Motion Analysis of Grip during a Repetitive Motor Task: Differences in Hand Movements When Gripping T-Grip and Cylindrical Poles

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Satoru MAYAHARA ◽  
Junichiro KANEKO
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Task Differences ◽  
Repetitive Motor

scholarly journals An Agent-Specific Stochastic Model of Generalized Reaching Task Difficulty

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4330
Author(s):  
Andrea Lucchese ◽  
Salvatore Digiesi ◽  
Kübra Akbaş ◽  
Carlotta Mummolo
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Index Of Difficulty ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Spatial Trajectories ◽  
Repetitive Motor

The ability of an agent to accomplish a trajectory during a certain motor task depends on the fit between external (environment) and internal (agent) constraints, also known as affordance. A model of difficulty for a generalized reaching motor task is proposed as an affordance-related measure, as perceived by a specific agent for a given environment and task. By extending the information-based Index of Difficulty of a trajectory, a stochastic model of difficulty is formulated based on the observed variability of spatial trajectories executed by a given agent during a repetitive motor task. The model is tested on an experimental walking dataset available in the literature, where the repetitive stride movement of differently aged subjects (14 “old” subjects aged 50–73; 20 “young” subjects aged 21–37) at multiple speed conditions (comfortable, ~30% faster, ~30% slower) is analyzed. Reduced trajectory variability in older as compared to younger adults results in a higher Index of Difficulty (slower: +24%, p < 0.0125; faster: +38%, p < 0.002) which is interpreted in this context as reduced affordance. The model overcomes the limits of existing difficulty measures by capturing the stochastic dependency of task difficulty on a subject’s age and average speed. This model provides a benchmarking tool for motor performance in biomechanics and ergonomics applications.

scholarly journals The Dimensionless Squared Jerk: An Objective Parameter That Improves Assessment of Hand Motion Analysis during Simulated Shoulder Arthroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Kholinne ◽  
Maulik J. Gandhi ◽  
Arnold Adikrishna ◽  
Hanpyo Hong ◽  
Haewon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Shoulder Arthroscopy ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Total Path Length ◽  
Acceleration Threshold ◽  
Objective Parameter

Purpose. Attempts to quantify hand movements of surgeons during arthroscopic surgery faced limited progress beyond motion analysis of hands and/or instruments. Surrogate markers such as procedure time have been used. The dimensionless squared jerk (DSJ) is a measure of deliberate hand movements. This study tests the ability of DSJ to differentiate novice and expert surgeons (construct validity) whilst performing simulated arthroscopic shoulder surgical tasks. Methods. Six residents (novice group) and six consultants (expert group) participated in this study. Participants performed three validated tasks sequentially under the same experimental setup (one performance). Each participant had ten performances assessed. Hand movements were recorded with optical tracking system. The DSJ, time taken, total path length, multiple measures of acceleration, and number of movements were recorded. Results. There were significant differences between novices and experts when assessed using time, number of movements with average and minimal acceleration threshold, and DSJ. No significant differences were observed in maximum acceleration, total path length, and number of movements with 10m/s2 acceleration threshold. Conclusion. DSJ is an objective parameter that can differentiate novice and expert surgeons’ simulated arthroscopic performances. We propose DSJ as an adjunct to more conventional parameters for arthroscopic surgery skills assessment.

Bradykinesia in different Parkinsonian Syndromes. A kinematic motion analysis of hand movements

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. S60
Author(s):  
T. Wolfsegger ◽  
I. Rotaru ◽  
R. Topakian ◽  
H. Schwameder ◽  
F.T. Aichner
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Parkinsonian Syndromes ◽  
Kinematic Motion Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Motion

Some effects of work loading in a repetitive motor task.

1954 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina McD. Bilodeau ◽  
Edward A. Bilodeau
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Repetitive Motor

Visuomotor Coordination and Motor Representation by Human Temporal Lobe Neurons

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Tankus ◽  
Itzhak Fried
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Comparative Neurology ◽  
Visuomotor Coordination ◽  
Visuomotor Task ◽  
Cortical Connections

The division of cortical visual processing into distinct dorsal and ventral streams is a key concept in primate neuroscience [Goodale, M. A., & Milner, A. D. Separate visual pathways for perception and action. Trends in Neurosciences, 15, 20–25, 1992; Steele, G., Weller, R., & Cusick, C. Cortical connections of the caudal subdivision of the dorsolateral area (V4) in monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 306, 495–520, 1991]. The ventral stream is usually characterized as a “What” pathway, whereas the dorsal stream is implied in mediating spatial perception (“Where”) and visually guided actions (“How”). A subpathway emerging from the dorsal stream and projecting to the medial-temporal lobe has been identified [Kravitz, D. J., Saleem, K. S., Baker, C. I., & Mishkin, M. A new neural framework for visuospatial processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12, 217–230, 2011; Cavada, C., & Goldman-Raiuc, P. S. Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey: I. Parcellation of areas based on distinctive limbic and sensory cortico-cortical connections. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 287, 393–421, 1989]. The current article studies the coordination of visual information typically associated with the dorsal stream (“Where”), with planned movements, focusing on the temporal lobe. We recorded extracellular activity from 565 cells in the human medial-temporal and frontal lobes while 13 patients performed cued hand movements with visual feedback (visuomotor task), without feedback (motor task), or observed visual feedback without motor movement (visual-only task). We discovered two different neural populations in the human medial-temporal lobe. One consists of motor-like neurons representing hand position, speed or acceleration during the motor task but not during the visuomotor or visual tasks. The other is specific to the parahippocampal gyrus (an area known to process visual motion [Gur, M., & Snodderly, D. M. Direction selectivity in V1 of alert monkeys: Evidence for parallel pathways for motion processing. Journal of Physiology, 585, 383–400, 2007; Sato, N., & Nakamura, K. Visual response properties of neurons in the parahippocampal cortex of monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90, 876–886, 2003]) and encodes speed, acceleration, or direction of hand movements, but only during the visuomotor task: neither during visual-only nor during motor tasks. These findings suggest a functional basis for the anatomical subpathway between the dorsal stream and the medial-temporal lobe. Similar to the recent expansion of the motor control process into the sensory cortex [Matyas, F., Sreenivasan, V., Marbach, F., Wacongne, C., Barsy, B., Mateo, C., et al. Motor control by sensory cortex. Science, 330, 1240–1243, 2010], our findings render the human medial-temporal lobe an important junction in the process of planning and execution of motor acts whether internally or externally (visually) driven. Thus, the medial-temporal lobe might serve as an integration node between the two processing streams. Our findings thus shed new light on the brain mechanisms underlying visuomotor coordination which is a crucial capacity for everyday survival, whether it is identifying and picking up food, sliding a key into a lock, driving a vehicle, or escaping a predator.

Some effects of work loading in a repetitive motor task.

1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Mcd. Bilodeau ◽  
Edward A. Bilodeau
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Repetitive Motor

scholarly journals Sound representation in higher language areas during language generation

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1868-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Magrassi ◽  
Giuseppe Aromataris ◽  
Alessandro Cabrini ◽  
Valerio Annovazzi-Lodi ◽  
Andrea Moro
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Language Generation ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Language Areas ◽  
Repetitive Motor

How language is encoded by neural activity in the higher-level language areas of humans is still largely unknown. We investigated whether the electrophysiological activity of Broca’s area correlates with the sound of the utterances produced. During speech perception, the electric cortical activity of the auditory areas correlates with the sound envelope of the utterances. In our experiment, we compared the electrocorticogram recorded during awake neurosurgical operations in Broca’s area and in the dominant temporal lobe with the sound envelope of single words versus sentences read aloud or mentally by the patients. Our results indicate that the electrocorticogram correlates with the sound envelope of the utterances, starting before any sound is produced and even in the absence of speech, when the patient is reading mentally. No correlations were found when the electrocorticogram was recorded in the superior parietal gyrus, an area not directly involved in language generation, or in Broca’s area when the participants were executing a repetitive motor task, which did not include any linguistic content, with their dominant hand. The distribution of suprathreshold correlations across frequencies of cortical activities varied whether the sound envelope derived from words or sentences. Our results suggest the activity of language areas is organized by sound when language is generated before any utterance is produced or heard.

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