scholarly journals Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow of the Sensory-motor Area during the Motor Imagery Task: A Study Using Dexterity Movement and Gross Movement

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Takuro IKEDA ◽  
Seima SASAKI ◽  
Shinichiro OKA ◽  
Yoshinobu GOTO
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Imagery Task ◽  
Sensory Motor

Risonanza magnetica funzionale cerebrale applicazioni cliniche

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 13-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Beltramello ◽  
G. Puppini ◽  
G. El-Dalati ◽  
R. Cerini ◽  
P. Manganotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
High Field ◽  
Risonanza Magnetica ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Echo Planar ◽  
The Brain

Functional MRI of the brain can provide detailed images of human brain that reflect localized changes in cerebral blood flow and oxygenation induced by sensory, motor or cognitive tasks. While more complex functions can be explored only by high-field magnets equipped with echo-planar (EPI) facilities and sophisticated statistical methods of analysis, motor and visual functional activation studies can also be performed with conventional magnets, considering that these conditions are associated with more pronounced signal increases. Experience obtained in patients with a series of lesions located in the para-central (rolandic) area are reported and analyzed.

scholarly journals COMPARISONS BETWEEN MOTOR AREA EEG AND ALL-CHANNELS EEG FOR TWO ALGORITHMS IN MOTOR IMAGERY TASK CLASSIFICATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siuly ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Peng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Imagery Task ◽  
Task Classification ◽  
Svm Algorithm ◽  
The Brain

This article reports on a comparative study to identify electroencephalography (EEG) signals during motor imagery (MI) for motor area EEG and all-channels EEG in the brain–computer interface (BCI) application. In this paper, we present two algorithms: CC-LS-SVM and CC-LR for MI tasks classification. The CC-LS-SVM algorithm combines the cross-correlation (CC) technique and the least square support vector machine (LS-SVM). The CC-LR algorithm assembles the CC technique and binary logistic regression (LR) model. These two algorithms are implemented on the motor area EEG and the all-channels EEG to investigate how well they perform and also to test which area EEG is better for the MI classification. These two algorithms are also compared with some existing methods which reveal their competitive performance during classification. Results on both datasets, IVa and IVb from BCI Competition III, show that the CC-LS-SVM algorithm performs better than the CC-LR algorithm on both the motor area EEG and the all-channels EEG. The results also demonstrate that the CC-LS-SVM algorithm performs much better for the all-channels EEG than for the motor area EEG. Furthermore, the LS-SVM-based approach can correctly identify the discriminative MI tasks, demonstrating the algorithm's superiority in classification performance over some existing methods.

scholarly journals Altered Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer's Disease With Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runzhi Li ◽  
Yanling Zhang ◽  
Zhizheng Zhuo ◽  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Ziyan Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Background: Depression is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with an unclear neural mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the underlying cerebral perfusion associated with depression in AD and evaluate its clinical significance.Method: Twenty-one AD patients and 21 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. The depressive symptom was defined according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). Nine patients were diagnosed as AD with depression symptoms (HAMD >7). Three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling MR imaging was conducted to measure regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). Neuropsychological tests covered cognition and depressive scores. Between-group comparisons on clinical variables and regional CBFs, relationship between regional CBF and depressive score, and identification of AD patients with depression were performed using covariance analysis, linear regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, respectively.Results: Compared with HCs, AD patients without depression exhibited lower gray matter CBF (p = 0.016); compared with AD patients without depression, AD patients with depression had higher CBF in the right supplementary motor area (39.23 vs. 47.91 ml/100 g/min, p = 0.017) and right supramarginal gyrus (35.54 vs. 43.85 ml/100 g/min, p = 0.034). CBF in the right supplementary motor area was correlated with depressive score (β = 0.46, p = 0.025). The combination of CBF in the right supplementary motor area and supramarginal gyrus and age could identify AD patients with depression from those without depression with a specificity of 100%, sensitivity of 66.67%, accuracy of 85.71%, and area under the curve of 0.87.Conclusions: Our findings suggested that hyperperfusion of the right supplementary motor area and right supramarginal gyrus were associated with depression syndrome in AD, which could provide a potential neuroimaging marker to evaluate the depression state in AD.

scholarly journals Sciatic Nerve Stimulation Does Not Increase Endogenous Adenosine Production in Sensory-Motor Cortex

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances J. Northington ◽  
G. Paul Matherne ◽  
Sharon D. Coleman ◽  
Robert M. Berne
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Adenosine Antagonist ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Stimulation

Adenosine participates in the coupling of cerebral blood flow to oxygen consumption in the brain during such stimuli as hypoxia, ischemia, and seizures. It has been suggested that it also participates in the regulation of cerebral blood flow during somatosensory stimulation, a condition during which cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption appear to be uncoupled. Interstitial adenosine was estimated by the microdialysis technique and cerebral blood flow was measured by hydrogen clearance in the hindlimb sensory-motor cortex during sciatic nerve stimulation. Cerebral blood flow increased from 102 to 188 ml min−1 100 g−1 (p < 0.001) in the cortex contralateral to the stimulated leg without an associated increase in interstitial adenosine (baseline 0.624 μ M, stimulation 0.583 μ M). Infusion of the adenosine antagonist 8-sulfophenyltheophylline failed to block an increase in cerebral blood flow during central sciatic nerve stimulation, but decreased basal cerebral blood flow (69 ml min−1 100 g−1). These results suggest that adenosine does not mediate changes in cerebral blood flow during somatosensory stimulation, but may participate in the regulation of cerebral blood flow in the basal state.

The role of cerebral cortex in the generation of voluntary saccades: a positron emission tomographic study

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Fox ◽  
J. M. Fox ◽  
M. E. Raichle ◽  
R. M. Burde
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Positron Emission

The purpose of this study was to define the location and behavior of cerebral structures within the normal human brain that participate in the generation of voluntary saccadic eye movements. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during task performance were assumed to reflect like changes in regional neuronal activity induced by the task. The locations of all rCBF changes were described in stereotaxic coordinates. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and bolus intravenous injection of H2(15)O. The use of H2(15)O with PET allowed six, seven-slice measurements of brain blood flow to be made in rapid sequence for each subject, without removing the subject from the tomograph between scans. Nine paid normal volunteers were studied. The paradigm included three saccadic eye-movement (SEM) conditions, one finger-movement condition and two control conditions (initial and final). The three SEM conditions allowed comparisons to be drawn between targeted versus untargeted SEMs, auditorily cued versus visually cued SEMs, and stochastic versus rhythmic SEMs. All tasks were simple and deterministic in that each movement exactly mirrored the preceding movement: finger flexion then extension, saccade-left then saccade-right. Saccadic eye movements were associated with rCBF increases within the frontal eye fields, the supplementary motor area, and the cerebellum. Finger movements were associated with rCBF changes within the sensorimotor hand areas, the supplementary motor area, and the cerebellum. The frontal eye fields were discrete cortical regions consistently active during the generation of voluntary SEMs and uninfluenced by target presence, type of cue, or task complexity, indicating a predominantly motor function. The supplementary motor area (SMA) was consistently active during all motor tasks and was uninfluenced by the degree of task complexity or stochasticity. A role for SMA in establishing "motor set" during both simple and complex motor tasks is suggested. An anterior-posterior somatotopy was found for SMA-eye (anterior) versus SMA-hand (posterior). Lateral occipital visual association cortex activation was present only during targeted saccadic conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Altered resting cerebral blood flow specific to patients with diabetic retinopathy revealed by arterial spin labeling perfusion magnetic resonance imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512093239
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Zhi Wen ◽  
Yan Tong ◽  
Chen-Xing Qi ◽  
Yin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Spin Labeling ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal

Background Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were accompanied by abnormalities in cerebral functional and structural architecture, whereas the resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations in patients with DR are not well understood. Purpose To explore CBF alterations in patients with DR using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) imaging. Material and Methods Thirty-one individuals with DR (15 men, 16 women; mean age = 53.38 ± 9.12 years) and 33 healthy controls (HC) (12 men, 21 women; mean age = 51.61 ± 9.84 years) closely matched for age, sex, and education, underwent pCASL imaging scans. Two-sample T test was conducted to compare different CBF values between two groups. Results Patients with DR exhibited significantly increased CBF values in the left middle temporal gyrus (Brodmann’s area, BA 22) and the bilateral supplementary motor area (BA3) and decreased CBF values in the bilateral calcarine (BA17,18) and bilateral caudate relative to HC group (two-tailed, voxel level at P < 0.01, Gaussian random field (GRF), cluster level at P < 0.05). Moreover, the HbA1c (%) level showed a positive correlation with CBF values in the bilateral caudate (r = 0.473, P = 0.007) in patients with DR. Conclusion Our results highlighted that patients with DR had abnormal CBF values in the visual cortices, caudate, middle temporal gyrus, and supplementary motor area, which might reflect vision and sensorimotor and cognition dysfunction in patients with DR. These findings might help us to understanding the neural mechanism of patients with DR.

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