A Novel and Flexible Criterion to Improve Data Transmission in Clustering Protocols in WSNs

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ataei ◽  
Esmaeil Zeinali Kh.
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Leach Protocol ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
Individual Node

In this paper a new criterion called Energy-Cost Function is presented according to which in each round the energy cost for any individual node is calculated. When transmitting their data, the nodes make decisions based on this very cost function. In case the nodes decides that it will cost a lower amount of energy transmitting the data to the sink by itself rather than by the cluster-head to the sink, then the node transmits the data directly. In this way the cluster overload is reduced and both the network lifetime and instability period is boosted. Based on the conditions of the problem, cost function parameters are variable and since all the decisions are made locally, network scalability potential is retained. Simulation results show that the network lifetime or its instability period based on the cost function employed will be improved up to 40% in relation to the LEACH protocol.

scholarly journals Optimization of Energy Efficient Advance Leach Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 07-16
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kaur ◽  
Dr. Rajeev Bedi ◽  
Mohit Marwaha
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cluster Head Selection ◽  
Leach Protocol

In WSNs, the only source to save life for the node is the battery consumption. During communication with other area nodes or sensing activities consumes a lot of power energy in processing the data and transmitting the collected/selected data to the sink. In wireless sensor networks, energy conservation is directly to the network lifetime and energy plays an important role in the cluster head selection. A new threshold has been formulated for cluster head selection, which is based on remaining energy of the sensor node and the distance from the base station. Proposed approach selects the cluster head nearer to base station having maximum remaining energy than any other sensor node in multi-hop communication. The multi hop approach minimizing the inter cluster communication without effecting the data reliability.

Energy Cost Optimization of HVAC Loads Under Time-Varying Electricity Price Signals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Bashash
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Temperature Deviation ◽  
Price Signals ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents a dynamic programming approach to optimize energy cost of multiple interacting household appliances such as air conditioning systems and refrigerators with temperature flexibility, under time varying electricity price signals. We adopt a first order differential equation model with a binary (ON-OFF) switching control function for each load. An energy cost minimization problem is then formulated with a pair of constraints on the temperature lower and upper bounds, as well as an equality condition on the initial and final temperature states. We use dynamic programming to compute cost-optimal control inputs and temperature trajectories for a given electricity price profile and ambient temperature condition. To account for temperature deviation from its desired setpoint, a quadratic temperature deviation penalty is added to the cost function. Moreover, to minimize the control input chattering for equipment protection, the cost function is expanded to also minimize the number of on-off switching events. Results for the different weighting combinations of the optimization objectives provide useful insights on the optimal operation of individual and multiple interacting HVAC loads. In particular, we observe that the loads are desynchronized under the cost-optimal operation, in the presence of local (renewable) power generation. The presented optimization algorithm and observed results can lead to the development of novel model predictive and rule-based feedback control policies for optimal energy management in households.

scholarly journals Implementation of Enhanced AODV based Self-Organized Tree for Energy Balanced Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1926-1933
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Energy Balanced Routing

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are gaining attention in numerous fields with the advent of embedded systems and IoT. Wireless sensors are deployed in environmental conditions where human intervention is less or eliminated. Since these are not human monitored, powering and maintaining the energy of the node is a challenging issue. The main research hotspot in WSN is energy consumption. As energy drains faster, the network lifetime also decreases. Self-Organizing Networks (SON) are just the solution for the above-discussed problem. Self-organizing networks can automatically configure themselves, find an optimalsolution, diagnose and self-heal to some extent. In this work, “Implementation of Enhanced AODV based Self-Organized Tree for Energy Balanced Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks” is introduced which uses self-organization to balance energy and thus reduce energy consumption. This protocol uses combination of number of neighboring nodes and residual energy as the criteria for efficient cluster head election to form a tree-based cluster structure. Threshold for residual energy and distance are defined to decide the path of the data transmission which is energy efficient. The improvement made in choosing robust parameters for cluster head election and efficient data transmission results in lesser energy consumption. The implementation of the proposed protocol is carried out in NS2 environment. The experiment is conducted by varying the node density as 20, 40 and 60 nodes and with two pause times 5ms, 10ms. The analysis of the result indicates that the new system consumes 17.6% less energy than the existing system. The routing load, network lifetime metrics show better values than the existing system.

An Energy Balanced Clustering Algorithm Based on LEACH Protocol

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 1138-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liao ◽  
Hao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Cluster Head Selection ◽  
Leach Protocol ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Optimal Cluster

The primary objectives of the wireless sensor network routing protocol design are balancing network energy consumption and extending the entire network lifetime. This paper analyses the effectiveness of LEACH protocol in cluster-head selection, and proposes an improved clustering algorithm. This new algorithm takes nodes residual energy and location information into account, optimizes the selection method of the threshold for electing cluster-head, improves optimal cluster-head selection strategy that is normal nodes select the optimal cluster-head based on the cost function. Simulation results show that the improved protocol is better than LEACH in balancing node energy consumption, improving the efficiency of data transmission and prolonging the network life.

scholarly journals A Novel Static Cluster-Based Hierarchical Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Asma Mesmoudi ◽  
Samira Mesmoudi ◽  
Zakarya Houari ◽  
Khelifa Mostefa
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Clustering Protocol ◽  
Leach Protocol

Wireless sensor networks have recently gained a lot of attention from the scientific community due to their very wide spectrum of applications. In such networks, the sensor nodes have limited resources. These constraints impose many challenges to the design of related protocols. Especially, routing protocols should be energy-efficient for the prolonged network lifetime. The LEACH protocol is the most popular energy-efficient hierarchical clustering protocol for WSNs that was proposed for reducing power consumption. However, LEACH suffers from several drawbacks such as the non uniform distribution of Cluster Head nodes, the possibility of choosing a low energy node as Cluster Head, etc. In this paper, an attempt is made to overcome this shortcoming by introducing a new hierarchical clustering protocol, called SCHP (Static Cluster-based Hierarchical Protocol). The SCHP protocol is based on a static cluster creation and an optimal cluster head selection. Simulation results show that the proposal guarantees better performance than the LEACH Protocol that is considered as the baseline in the literature. We used many metrics, as packet loss rate, end-to-end delay, and energy consumption to evaluate the efficiency of our proposal. We show also that the SCHP protocol can improve the network lifetime.

scholarly journals An enhancement of path selection to cluster head based on multi-hop routing in two-tier wireless sensor network

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 5360
Author(s):  
Wan Isni Sofiah Wan Din ◽  
Asyran Zarizi Bin Abdullah ◽  
Razulaimi Razali ◽  
Ahmad Firdaus ◽  
Salwana Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor

<span lang="EN-US">Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a distributed wireless connection that consists many wireless sensor devices. It is used to get information from the surrounding activities or the environment and send the details to the user for future work. Due to its advantages, WSN has been widely used to help people to collect, monitor and analyse data. However, the biggest limitation of WSN is about the network lifetime. Usually WSN has a small energy capacity for operation, and after the energy was used up below the threshold value, it will then be declared as a dead node. When this happens, the sensor node cannot receive and send the data until the energy is renewed. To reduce WSN energy consumption, the process of selecting a path to the destination is very important. Currently, the data transmission from sensor nodes to the cluster head uses a single hop which consumes more energy; thus, in this paper the enhancement of previous algorithm, which is MAP, the data transmission will use several paths to reach the cluster head. The best path uses a small amount of energy and will take a short time for packet delivery. The element of Shortest Path First (SPF) Algorithm that is used in a routing protocol will be implemented. It will determine the path based on a cost, in which the decision will be made depending on the lowest cost between several connected paths. By using the MATLAB simulation tool, the performance of SPF algorithm and conventional method will be evaluated. The expected result of SPF implementation will increase the energy consumption in order to prolong the network lifetime for WSN.</span>

scholarly journals E-FLEACH: An Improved Fuzzy Based Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Enaam Al-Husain ◽  
Ghaida Al-Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Clustering Protocol ◽  
Leach Protocol ◽  
Selection Of

Clustering is one of the most energy-efficient techniques for extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In a clustered WSN, each sensor node transmits the data acquired from the sensing field to the leader node (cluster head). The cluster head (CH) is in charge of aggregating and routing the collected data to the Base station (BS) of the deployed network. Thereby, the selection of the optimum CH is still a crucial issue to reduce the consumed energy in each node and extend the network lifetime. To determine the optimal number of CHs, this paper proposes an Enhanced Fuzzy-based LEACH (E-FLEACH) protocol based on the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The FLC system relies on three inputs: the residual energy of each node, the distance of each node from the base station (sink node), as well as the node’s centrality. The proposed protocol is implemented using the Castalia simulator in conjunction with OMNET++, and simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol outperforms the traditional LEACH protocol in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, and stability.

scholarly journals An Energy Efficient Enhanced Dual-Fuzzy Logic Routing Protocol for Monitoring Activities of the Elderly Using Body Sensor Networks

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Sea Young Park ◽  
Dai Yeol Yun ◽  
TaeHyeon Kim ◽  
Jong-Yong Lee ◽  
Daesung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Leach Protocol

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are an important application in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, in healthcare monitoring systems, it is important to screen the patient’s biometric signals. For example, the elderlies’ vital signs, such as ECG (Electrocardiogram), blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose, can be used as measures of their well-being and are all critically important for remote elderly care in tracking their physical and cognitive capabilities. Therefore, WBANs require higher energy efficiency and data transmission. This paper proposes a cluster-based routing protocol which is suitable for WBANs while analyzing energy efficiency issue in data transmission. Considering the importance of sensor nodes in a specific environment for improving the network’s lifetime, the protocol based on the LEACH (low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) algorithm is proposed. Due to its avoidance of long-distance transmission, the clustering technique is an efficient algorithm for prolonging the lifetimes of sensor networks. Therefore, this paper suggests an enhanced LEACH-dual fuzzy logic (ELEACH-DFL) protocol based-on clustering for CH (cluster head) selection and cluster configuration in wireless sensor networks. The simulation and analysis results address that the enhanced algorithm reduces the energy consumption effectively and extends the lifespan of the entire network. For wired sensors, attaching sensors to the user may cause problems and inconvenience of mobility. This leads to the use of wireless sensors to proceed with body sensors, which should consider the problem of battery efficiency, which concerns the configuration of wireless sensors. The LEACH protocol is energy efficient until the first node dead is generated. However, there is a sharp drop in energy efficiency after that. The ELEACH-DFL protocol has the advantage of maintaining energy efficiency even after the first node dead is generated, with the utmost consideration being given to stability in consideration of cluster selection and cluster head selection. In a field of 50 × 50, the FND efficiency improvement rate of ELEACH-DFL versus LEACH protocol is approximately 32%. In addition, in a field of 50 × 150, the FND efficiency improvement rate of ELEACH-DFL versus LEACH protocol is approximately 159%.

Clustering Algorithm of Wireless Sensor Network Based on Energy Optimized

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 1370-1374
Author(s):  
Yun Hui Yi ◽  
Run Liu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Network Clustering ◽  
Control Information ◽  
Leach Protocol ◽  
The Cost

Clustering algorithm can effectively solve the imbalance of energy consumption of different nodes. Based on the analysis of traditional LEACH protocol, we propose an improved sensor network clustering routing protocol, which reduced the cost of control information in formation process of clusters by adopting a new kind of competition parameters of cluster head, so as to solve the problem of energy heterogeneous of network node. The simulation results show that the protocol can effectively save the energy consumption of the nodes, and prolong the network life time.

scholarly journals Network coding based energy efficient LEACH protocol for WSN

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Tamilselvan Tamilselvan ◽  
K. Gandhimathi
Keyword(s):  
Network Coding ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Leach Protocol

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of low cost tiny sensor nodes with limited energy resource, so it is a tedious task to develop energy efficient routing schemes that enhances the network lifetime. In WSN, clustering is used to improve the efficiency of finite energy resource. LEACH protocol is one of the widely used clustering techniques in WSN. So, in this paper, an energy efficient LEACH protocol is designed with network coding for WSN. Initially, the clusters are formed with the LEACH protocol, where it uses the residual energy metric and drain rate to select the cluster heads.  Since network coding is an optimal technique to enhance the network performance by minimizing the number of transmissions, it is incorporated into the LEACH Protocol, where it has been applied at the cluster head levels. Furthermore, the next level of network coding is processed at a node by selecting any of the nodes as a master node. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs better than the EE-LEACH and LEACH protocol in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery ratio.

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