scholarly journals Constructive and technological substantiation of constructive solutions for mountain bridge structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Magomedov ◽  
Igor Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Water Regime ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Mountain Rivers ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Cascade Systems ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Ideal

In this article structural concepts peculiarities of bridge structures for mountain conditions were analyzed. It is noted that the mountainous terrain is characterized not only by a complex broken rock but also by the course of earthquakes and their genetic varieties: landslides, avalanches, rockfalls, etc. It is also noted that the interaction of the plain bridge and the environment is one-sided, while mountainous bridges themselves are negatively influenced by the mountainous environment. The Republic of Dagestan territory is considered an example of mountainous terrain. The linking bridge structures problem to various mountainous terrain regions is investigated here. The peculiarity of the mountain rivers and bridge crossings interaction is noted in this paper, as well as the influence of rivers on the constructive justification of the mountain bridges solutions. The possibility of using cascade systems for regulating the mountain rivers water regime for the rational bridge crossings design with several holes is considered. Various options for the bridge crossings placement relative to mountain rivers are given as well as described their peculiarities. Current support parts and expansion joints are considered and analyzed from the mountain bridge use on structures suitability point of view. The necessity of using seismic-insulating expansion joints and their influence on the conditions of vehicles passing through the bridge structure during an earthquake is substantiated here. The problem of using road pavements on mountain bridge structures is noted, the most common road pavements designs are described and analyzed. The concepts of the «ideal» bridge and their applied significance in relation to mountainous terrain are presented. The constructive and technological solutions considered within the framework of this article will improve the bridge structure’s efficiency in mountainous conditions.

scholarly journals Orientation of the monastery churches of Ovcar-Kablar gorge (the Republic of Serbia)

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Milutin Tadic ◽  
Aleksandar Petrovic ◽  
Ratomir Veselinovic
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Summer Solstice ◽  
Eastern Sector ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Geographical Point ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Ideal

Ovcar-Kablar gorge is after Fruska Gora Mountain the area with the largest number of old Serbian monasteries. This paper analyzes church orientation of all nine monasteries of the gorge from mathematical-geographical point of view, focusing on the churches of six monasteries that originate from the so called extended Middle Ages. Of these six churches only the axis of the Church of the Holy Trinity is directed exactly to the equinoctial east. Considering the means and methods that the chief architect could use, the orientation of monastery church of Vavedenje (?Presentation of Mary?) with the aberration of only 4? can be also regarded as accurate. Moreover, this aberration could be the consequence of a mistake made by the chief architect about the date of equinox, which is also the case with the aberration of the monastery church of Sretenje (?Presentation of Our Lord?). The axis of the monastery church of Blagovestenje (?Annunciation?) is approximately directed to the point of the sunrise of summer solstice. Only the axis of the monastery church of Nikolje (?St Nicholas?), the oldest in the group of six of conditionally medieval churches, is out of the eastern sector of the horizon i.e. only this axis is not oriented in accordance with the ideal-type church rule.

scholarly journals Designing of support zones of concrete bridges to withstand action of static and dynamic load

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Milan Gligorijevic ◽  
Slavko Zdravkovic ◽  
Marija Spasojevic-Surdilovic
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Small Probability ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Engineering Structure ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Weak Points

In the paper are presented some of the acquired experiences in designing and construction of bridge structures in several countries, with a special attention to the analysis of support zones and expansion joints behavior of a number of road bridges. During destruction or damage of bridges, there is a small probability, but still there, that the human lives might be endangered (Kobe, Japan 17th January 1995); what is likely, however, is that it will be very difficult to help the injured in the region. Considering that the characteristics of removal of supports has a great influence on the behavior of the entire bridge structure, the design of support joints and connections must be paid due attention. In the recent decades, efforts are made to enhance research of all engineering structure, and thus the bridge structures and their weak points.

scholarly journals Marriage Regulations in the Republic

1916 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Order ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
The City ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal city of Plato could only come true if three great and unlikely changes were made in the state. Neither Plato's contemporaries nor later generations have been able to breast the second of these ‘waves,’ which brings in a new order of marriage for guardians. The scheme is condemned as not only not good or possible—the Platonic tests—but as inconsistent with itself and with the account given in the Timaeus. The parts under censure are the so-called table of prohibited affinities and the sanction of infanticide. It would be strange to find discrepancies in a proposal so important for Plato's state that details cannot well be left to some Damon, and I hope to show that difficulties arise only when critics do not place themselves exactly at Plato's point of view. He conceived a certain problem with sharp outlines, and his answer is precisely adapted to that. The first wave left the guardians as a family of men and women living in common. How was it possible to preserve this communal life and provide for the future of the guardian class? If the rulers failed to choose aright here, an oracle foretold the decay of the city (415b-c). Therefore Plato's rigid preoccupation in the second wave is to secure for the archons entire control over the birth of guardian children. Otherwise the community will sink into mere promiscuity and the stock will degenerate. In short, Plato tries to ensure that, apart from the necessary getting of children for the state, the guardians shall be friends and not lovers. Our special problems arise from the two questions—πως παδοποιήσονtαι, καì γεκομÉνους πως θρÉψουσι; (449c). Let us begin with the first of these.

Recommendations of The Ombudsman’s Dilemma: Between Law Enforcement Officials and Protection of Credibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dyah Adriantini Sintha Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Oversight Body

The Ombudsman as an external oversight body for official performance, in Fikih Siyasah (constitutionality in Islam) is included in the supervision stipulated in legislation (al-musahabah al-qomariyah). Supervision is done so that public service delivery to the community is in accordance with the rights of the community. This is done because in carrying out its duties, officials are very likely to conduct mal administration, which is bad public services that cause harm to the community. The Ombudsman is an institution authorized to resolve the mal administration issue, in which one of its products is by issuing a recommendation. Although Law No. 37 of 2018 on the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia states that the recommendation is mandatory, theombudsman's recommendations have not been implemented. This is due to differences in point of view, ie on the one hand in the context of law enforcement, but on the other hand the implementation of the recommendation is considered as a means of opening the disgrace of officials. Recommendations are the last alternative of Ombudsman's efforts to resolve the mal administration case, given that a win-win solution is the goal, then mediation becomes the main effort. This is in accordance with the condition of the Muslim majority of Indonesian nation and prioritizes deliberation in resolving dispute. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the community and officials related to the implementation of the Ombudsman's recommendations in order to provide good public services for the community, which is the obligation of the government.

Preservation of Documental Heritage of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Peoples

2009 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Galina F. Leveryeva ◽  
Afanasii R. Batorov
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Portal ◽  
Rare Books ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Further Development

Questions of creation and development of information portal “Memory of Yakutia” from the point of view of accumulation and preservation of documental heritage of Yakutia nations are considered. Problems of digitization of manuscripts, rare books, audiovisual documents are highlighted and trends of further development are traced.

RUSSIAN-BELARUSIAN TUTORIAL "HISTORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR. ESSAYS ON THE SHARED HISTORY"

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
Second World

The paper provides a review on the joint Russian-Belarusian tutorial “History of the Great Patriotic War. Essays on the Shared History” published for the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The tutorial was prepared within the project “Belarus and Russia. Essays on the Shared History”, implemented since 2018 and aimed at publishing a series of tutorials, which authors are major Russian and Belarusian historians, archivists, teachers, and other specialists in human sciences. From the author’s point of view, the joint work of specialists from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in such a format not only contributes to the deepening of humanitarian integration within the Union state, but also to the formation of a common educational system on the scale of the Commonwealth of Independent States or the Eurasian integration project (Eurasian Economic Union – EEU). The author emphasises the high research and educational significance of the publication reviewed when noting that the teaching of history in general and the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War in particular in post-Soviet schools and institutes of higher education is complicated by many different issues and challenges (including external ones, which can be regarded as information aggression by various extra-regional actors).

Crimes against marriage and family before Criminal Code 1968

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Lidia Peneva
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Structural Point

Crimes against marriage and family are a particular group of social relation­ships that the law has defended properly in view of the high public significance and value they enjoy. At the moment they are regulated in Chapter VI, Section I, of the specific part of the Penal Code the Repub­lic of Bulgaria. The subject matter of this Statement will, however, be the legisla­tive provisions concerning these criminal­ized acts in retrospect. The purpose of the study is to show by historical method and through the comparatively legal method the development of these criminal groups during the periods of various criminal laws in Bulgaria. This will also provide a basis for reflection on possible de lege ferenda proposals. This report from a structural point of view will be divided into three distinct points, marking each of the penal laws in the Republic of Bulgaria, which were in force before 1968.

OWNERSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND THE STATE AS THE HOLDER OF THE PROPERTY RIGHT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION IN 1991

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1993-2005
Author(s):  
Shemsije Demiri ◽  
Rudina Kaja
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspect ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Function ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Republic

This paper deals with the right to property in general terms from its source in Roman law, which is the starting point for all subsequent legal systems. As a result of this, the acquisition of property rights is handled from the historical point of view, with the inclusion of various local and international literature and studies, as well as the legal aspect devoted to the respective civil codes of the states cited in the paper.Due to such socio-economic developments, state ownership and its ownership function have changed. The state function as owner of property also changed in Macedonia's property law.The new constitutional sequence of the Republic of Macedonia since 1991 became privately owned as a dominant form of ownership, however, state ownership also exists.This process of transforming social property into state or private (dissolves), in Macedonia starts from Yugoslavia through privatization, return and denationalization measures, on which basis laws on privatization have been adopted. Because of this, there will be particularly intensive negotiations regaring the remaining state assets.

The Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-229
Author(s):  
Dominic Scott
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Individual Justice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter presents a reading of Plato’s Republic. The Republic is among Plato’s most complex works. From its title, the first-time reader will expect a dialogue about political theory, yet the work starts from the perspective of the individual, coming to focus on the question of how, if at all, justice contributes to an agent’s happiness. Only after this question has been fully set out does the work evolve into an investigation of politics—of the ideal state and of the institutions that sustain it, especially those having to do with education. But the interest in individual justice and happiness is never left behind. Rather, the work weaves in and out of the two perspectives, individual and political, right through to its conclusion. All this may leave one wondering about the unity of the work. The chapter shows that, despite the enormous range of topics discussed, the Republic fits together as a coherent whole.

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