scholarly journals Industrial frequency multiplier based on a transformer with a rotating field

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenij Koptjaev ◽  
Vyacheslav Balashevich ◽  
Pavel Atrashkevich
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Frequency Multiplier ◽  
Frequency Multipliers ◽  
Frequency Multiplication ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Rotating Field

The disadvantage of domestic static converters past generations are the worst dimensions in comparison with rotating converters. Modern inverters use pulse width modulation, which causes problems with electromagnetic compatibility. Imposed by the EU and US sanctions have caused on the agenda of the replacement of imported parts and components, including the search for new ways to develop domestic technology. Known ferromagnetic frequency multipliers have not received applications in industrial energy due to the large mass and low efficiency. Proposed in the article a new method of frequency multiplication solve the above issues, allowing you to implement a simple and reliable converter without the use of imported components. The output voltage of high frequency multiplier is formed by the use of magnetic flux transformer with a rotating field, which has an additional degree of freedom, which is a new solution. Perhaps multiplication with different coefficients of frequency multiplication, including 8 times to provide voltage with a frequency of 400 Hz.

scholarly journals Reduction of Spurious Signal Upconversion in Frequency Multipliers

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Zenon Szczepaniak ◽  
Tomasz Rogala
Keyword(s):  
Power Level ◽  
Frequency Synthesizers ◽  
Frequency Multiplier ◽  
Frequency Multipliers ◽  
Direct Digital Synthesis ◽  
Frequency Multiplication ◽  
Spurious Signal ◽  
Baseband Signal ◽  
Digital Synthesis ◽  
Spurious Signals

Usually many applications of radar transceivers and heterodyne frequency synthesizers assume a spurious signal power level below −60 dBc. In the case of modern synthesizers using direct digital synthesis (DDS) systems, the number of emerging spurious signal frequencies is very large, and spectral purity within −60 dBc can only be obtained in the relatively narrow tuning band of the DDS unit. For the purposes of widening this useful frequency range, the frequency multiplying operation is applied commonly. Then, during the process of frequency multiplication of the baseband signal containing inband spurious signals, the effect of the upconversion of spurious signals occurs. The paper contains an analysis of the undesirable effects of the conversion of spurious signal frequencies accompanying the process of frequency multiplication. A method of reducing the level of upconverted spurious signals is proposed. The numerical calculations and measurement results are provided. For the case of a frequency multiplier with a multiplying factor equal to N, the power ratio between the desired output signal and upconverted spurious signal drops by an additional 1/N2. It has been found that the application of the presented method during the design process of the frequency multiplier allows this ratio to be improved by 6 dB.

scholarly journals Frequency multiplication by collective nano-scale spin wave dynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Woltersdorf ◽  
Rouven Dreyer ◽  
Niklas Liebing ◽  
Chris Körner ◽  
Martin Wagener
Keyword(s):  
Broad Band ◽  
Ferromagnetic Layer ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Frequency Multiplier ◽  
Frequency Multiplication ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Dynamic Phase ◽  
Non Linear

Abstract Frequency multiplication is a process where harmonic multiples of the input frequency are generated. It is usually achieved in non-linear electronic circuits or transmission lines. Such elements enable the up-conversion of electronic signals to GHz frequencies and are essential for frequency synthesizers and communication devices. Circuits based on the propagation and interaction of spin waves are a promising alternative to conventional electronics. Unfortunately, these systems usually require direct driving in the GHz range as magnonic frequency up-conversion is restricted to a few harmonics only. Here we show that the ferromagnetic material itself can act as a six octave spanning frequency multiplier. By studying low frequency magnetic excitations in a continuous ferromagnetic layer we show that the non-linearity of magnetization dynamics combined with disorder in the ferromagnet leads to the emergence of a dynamic phase generating high harmonics. The demonstrated broad band frequency multiplication opens exciting perspectives for magnonic and spintronic applications since the frequency is up-converted from MHz into GHz frequencies within the magnetic medium itself. Due to the ease at which magnetic media can be structured and modified spatially (and reversibly) we anticipate that a tailored non-linear dynamic phase can be engineered e.g. to stabilize magnetic solitons.

scholarly journals A submillimeter frequency multiplier. Part 1. Conditions of simultaneous two-mode excitation in the slow-wave structure of the o-type oscillator

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
M. Mil’cho ◽  
◽  
K. Ilyenko
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Slow Wave Structure ◽  
Submillimeter Wave ◽  
Diffraction Radiation ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
Frequency Multipliers ◽  
Frequency Multiplication ◽  
Vacuum Tube ◽  
Simultaneous Excitation

Subject and Purpose. A special need for oscillators amenable to operation in the short-wave end of the submillimeter wave band sends us in search for new ways of their development. A proposal exists related to vacuum-tube frequency multipliers based on the backward-wave oscillator (BWO) or its variant, the clinotron. Sometimes a simultaneous excitation of two different-frequency oscillations is experimentally observed in ordinary millimeter wave clinotrons, orotrons and diffraction radiation oscillators. The aim of the present study is to examine whether those operational regimes can be implemented in the creation of electronic frequency multipliers in the submillimeter wave band. Methods and Methodology. The research method is a theoretical analysis of the process of simultaneous interaction of the electron beam with the electromagnetic fields of two modes in the BWO slow-wave structure. The aim is finding relationships to impose on the slow-wave structure parameters and the BWO operation figures and thus furnish a simultaneous excitation of the two modes. The obtained relationships are tested against published experimental results. Results. Two conditions of simultaneous mode excitations have been formulated, requiring (i) equal velocities of the operating spatial harmonics and (ii) their strict frequency multiplicity. Handy diagrams have been constructed, which made it possible to build frequency multiplication schemes with any multiplicity. The rigorous analytical method of comb dispersion calculation has been generalized to the higher passbands of large numbers. The calculation results have been compared with relevant experimental data, lending support to the validity of the obtained formulas to describe the frequency multiplication regime. Conclusion. A possibility has been theoretically shown of designing submillimeter vacuum-tube frequency multipliers upon clinotron-type oscillators with a single slow-wave structure. The regime of simultaneous generation of two given frequencies requires that the system dispersion in different passbands be controlled by moving a screen over the comb-type slow-wave structure.

scholarly journals Frequency multipliers on semiconductor diode structures

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Karushkin
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Terahertz Range ◽  
Semiconductor Diode ◽  
Frequency Multipliers ◽  
Frequency Multiplication ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Modern Development

Obvious advantages of the millimeter wave technology including a large information capacity, high directivity of radiation, diagnostics and spectroscopy capabilities of different environments, including the methods of electron paramagnetic resonance and high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance have led to the rapid development of techniques for that range throughout the world. These advantages determine the attractiveness of the practical application of millimeter wavelengths to create high-speed communication links, high-precision radar, chemicals identification device and other equipment. Important role in the development of millimeter and sub-millimeter wave ranges belongs to the frequency multipliers development. This paper analyzes the main trends of modern development of efficient frequency multipliers on semiconductor diode structures, which are based on different physical principles, namely diode harmonic generators; frequency multipliers based on nonlinear dependencies of their reactive parameters on the voltage; frequency multipliers of high multiplicity on IMPATT diodes operating in mode of pulse exciting oscillations at high frequencies; multipliers on complex heterostructures and quantum super lattices in the terahertz range. The paper presents design solutions for frequency multipliers with various configurations and ways of optimizing the diode structures and operation modes that ensure their effective functioning in the frequency multiplication mode. The connection of electric parameters of frequency multipliers with output characteristics of microwave devices is determined. The given review of the results on designing power sources based on multiplying diodes indicates significant advances in this field and rapid development of the electronic component base in the short-wave part of the microwave spectrum. Further development of the technique of multiplying diodes will move forward not only in the direction of increasing the working capacity, but also in solving the problem of microminiaturization. In this regard, the emergence of heteroepitaxial multilayer varactor structures should be noted. Such structures are made with molecular beam epitaxy and have all the advantages of a composite varactor, but at the same time have better thermal characteristics and good prospects for their applications in the terahertz range.

scholarly journals Hybrid Carrier Frequency Modulation Based on Rotor Position to Reduce Sideband Vibro-Acoustics in PMSM Used by Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Zizhen Qiu ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Xiaozhe Lin ◽  
Haiquan Cheng ◽  
Yang Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Carrier Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Rotor Position ◽  
Ear Piercing ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Noise Cancelling ◽  
Harmonic Components

In the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system, the unwilling and ear-piercing vibro-acoustics caused by high-frequency sideband harmonics becomes unacceptable in electric vehicle applications. In this paper, a modified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique implemented with a hybrid carrier frequency modulation (HCFM) is provided to reduce the sideband current harmonic components and vibro-acoustic responses. The principle and implementation of the proposed HCFM technique are firstly presented in which the fixed carrier frequency is improved with the sawtooth and random signal-based coupling modulation based on the rotor position. The analytical derivations with the power spectral density method are also proposed. For verification, the experiment tests are conducted on a prototype 12/10 PMSM and microcontroller unit. The effectiveness of the HCFM technique can hence be confirmed considering the sideband vibro-acoustics reduction operated more effectively than that in a conventional random PWM. The proposed approach may provide a new route in noise-cancelling and electromagnetic compatibility for the electric drive powertrain.

scholarly journals Engineered Magnetization Dynamics of Magnonic Nanograting Filters

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rawana Yagan ◽  
Ferhat Katmis ◽  
Mehmet C. Onbaşlı
Keyword(s):  
Spin Wave ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Frequency Multiplier ◽  
Magnetic Nanowires ◽  
Frequency Multipliers ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Magnonic Crystals ◽  
Wave Filters ◽  
Wave Modes

Magnonic crystals and gratings could enable tunable spin-wave filters, logic, and frequency multiplier devices. Using micromagnetic models, we investigate the effect of nanowire damping, excitation frequency and geometry on the spin wave modes, spatial and temporal transmission profiles for a finite patterned nanograting under external direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields. Studying the effect of Gilbert damping constant on the temporal and spectral responses shows that low-damping leads to longer mode propagation lengths due to low-loss and high-frequency excitations are also transmitted with high intensity. When the nanowire is excited with stronger external RF fields, higher frequency spin wave modes are transmitted with higher intensities. Changing the nanowire grating width, pitch and its number of periods helps shift the transmitted frequencies over super high-frequency (SHF) range, spans S, C, X, Ku, and K bands (3–30 GHz). Our design could enable spin-wave frequency multipliers, selective filtering, excitation, and suppression in magnetic nanowires.

scholarly journals Hybrid Carrier Frequency Modulation Based on Rotor Position to Reduce Sideband Vibro-acoustics in PMSM Used by Electric Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zizhen Qiu ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Xiaozhen Lin ◽  
Haiquan Cheng ◽  
Yang Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Carrier Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Rotor Position ◽  
Ear Piercing ◽  
Noise Cancelling ◽  
Harmonic Components

In the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system, the unwilling and ear-piercing vibro-acoustics caused by high-frequency sideband harmonics becomes unacceptable in the electric vehicle application. In this paper, a modified space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) technique implemented with hybrid carrier frequency modulation (HCFM) is provided to reduce the sideband current harmonic components and vibro-acoustic responses. The principle and implementation of the proposed HCFM technique are firstly presented, in which the fixed carrier frequency is improved with the sawtooth and random signal-based coupling modulation based on the rotor position. For verification, the experiment tests are carried out on a prototype 12/10 PMSM and microcontroller unit. The effectiveness of the HCFM technique can hence be confirmed, in which the sideband vibro-acoustics reduction shows more effectively than that in conventional random PWM. The proposed approach may provide a new route in noise-cancelling and electromagnetic compatibility for the electric drive powertrain.

scholarly journals Xenon lamp control signal and drive circuit design of Er: YAG laser

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 01059
Author(s):  
Chuncheng Chen ◽  
Zhiyi Lu ◽  
Yisong Fan ◽  
Qiang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Xenon Lamp ◽  
Frequency Multiplication ◽  
Crystal Oscillator ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Drive Circuit ◽  
Stable Laser

When the Er: YAG laser pumped by a xenon lamp emits laser light, the energy, frequency and pulse width of the emitted light are closely related to the discharge of the xenon lamp. This article uses the 8MHz external crystal oscillator that comes with the STM32F4 development board, generates a clock source through frequency division and frequency multiplication, and configures a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to control the laser. Since the signals sent by the development board are weak signals, it is necessary to design a corresponding drive circuit to amplify the power of the signal. Finally, the voltage of the pulsed xenon lamp is adjustable from 0 to 1400V, and the pulse width is adjustable from 50 to 300μs to achieve stable laser output.

scholarly journals The Study Methods of Increase Efficiency Algorithms Pulse width Modulation in AC Electric Drives

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2855
Author(s):  
Bogdan Y. Vasilev
Keyword(s):  
Electric Drive ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Electric Drives ◽  
Ac Electric Drive ◽  
Semiconductor Converter ◽  
Three Phase

<p>In the paper describes the AC electric drive, which consists of the induction motor and the semiconductor converter. Structure of the frequency converter, which includes a three-phase bridge inverter on based fully controlled transistors, is considered. The algorithm of pulse width modulation, which used in the majority of the electric drives, is discussed. The characteristics and shortcomings of the algorithm is shows. Algorithmically methods to improve the efficiency of the inverter – promodulation control signal. The efficiency of this method in different variations is given. The level electromagnetic compatibility inverter and efficiency various control algorithms are analyzed. The conclusions about feasibility of using the method promodulation.</p>

scholarly journals Microstrip doubler microwave with non-traditional implementation

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
E. N. Glushechenko
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Frequency Multipliers ◽  
Frequency Multiplication ◽  
Wave Resonator ◽  
Wave Filter

Frequency multipliers are used in electronic devices to generate spectrally pure sinusoidal signals in the frequency range from a few to tens of GHz. The multipliers are used to multiply the frequency of highly stable but more low-frequency devices with the subsequent extraction of the necessary harmonics from the frequency spectrum of the received microwave range. The frequencies selected after multiplication (set) have significantly higher energy, spectral and range characteristics, which allows them to be used as local oscillators and synthesizers in receiving and transmitting systems. The authors of this paper theoretically substantiate and practically demonstrate the possibility of an unconventional implementation of a microstrip multiplier of the microwave range based on a directional traveling wave filter. The proposed implementation does not require the use of active semiconductor elements. The well-known circuit and technological principles for the creation of microstrip microwave multipliers are considered in the paper. The features, problems and shortcomings arising from their implementation are analyzed. The effectiveness of using the balanced circuit for frequency multiplication is confirmed. A list of mandatory requirements and conditions necessary for the implementation of the microwave multipliers is given. It is demonstrated that the features of the microstrip travelling-wave filter are identical to the conditions and requirements for the implementation of balanced multipliers. It is shown and substantiated how an unconventional implementation of a passive microwave multiplier is possible due to the electromagnetic interaction of the input and output nodes of such a filter with an annular travelling-wave resonator. Using the example of modifying a block diagram of a directional filter into a multiplier circuit, the possibility of creating a microwave doubler is confirmed by separating a given frequency from the frequency spectrum of a traveling-wave ring resonator.

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