scholarly journals Modeling the deformed state of the roadway on permafrost

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Kraev ◽  
Zurab Shankhoev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Deformed State ◽  
Measured Distribution

For economic efficiency, the authors offer to conduct an experimental study of the deformed state of thesub-grade model on permafrost soils in the laboratory environment in a closed system (without a water flow) applying a geometric scale value of M 1:30 and time scale of M 1:900. The description of the research flume, which allows simulating not only the deformed state of the linear structure, but also the temperature regime, is given. During the study, the defects were photo-recorded and the deformations of the structure were measured. Distribution isolines of vertical movements while freezing-thawing were built in the software system «Python», a thermogram of temperature changes in the body of the roadbed and the base of the road is given. The main conclusions of the research are formulated.

1⁄4 Car Model for Suspension Trim Corrector Performances Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Adrian Ioan Niculescu
Keyword(s):  
Contact Force ◽  
Harmonic Functions ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
The Road ◽  
Quarter Car Model ◽  
Car Model ◽  
Quarter Car

The paper presents a complex quarter car model obtained with ADAMS software, View module, useful in the first stage of suspension dimensioning and optimization.The model is equipped with compression and rebound stopper buffer and suspension trim corrector.The proposed quarter car model with two degrees of freedom (wheel and body) performs all these goals allowing changing:Geometrical elementsPosition of equilibrium, depending on vehicle load;Trim correction;Elastic and dissipative characteristics of the suspension and tire;Suspension stroke;Road profile, assessed either by simple or summation of harmonic functions or reproducing real roadsBuffers (for stroke limitation) position and characteristics;The models developed provide information on:Vertical stability assessed by vertical movements of the body and the longitudinal and transversal stability evaluated based on adherence characterized by wheel ground contact force and frequency of soil detachment wheel.Comfort assessed on the basis of body vertical acceleration and collision forces to the stroke ends.The body-road clearanceThe trim corrector efficiencyAll above performances evaluated function the road unevenness, acceleration, deceleration, turning regime.The damping characteristic is defined by damping forces at different speed for each strokes respectively one for rebound and other for compression.The contact force road-wheel is defined based tire rigidity law.The stopper buffer forces on rebound and compression are defined based each specific rigidity characteristics.The road excitation is realized with a function generator.The software allow the model evolution visualisation in real time, also generating the diagrams of displacements, forces, accelerations, speeds, for each elements or for relative evolution between diverse elements.The simulation was realized for unloaded and fully loaded car using a road generated by a sum of harmonic functions presented in equation (8).The excitation covers the specific frequencies area, being under the body frequencies up to the wheel proper frequencies.The realized ¼ car model, have reached the goal to evaluate the suspension trim correction advantages.The simulations confirm the trim corrector increases the suspension performances, thus for the analyzed case the trim corrector increase simultaneous:Body-ground clearance (evaluated by body higher increasing) between 18.5÷55.1 %Body stability (evaluated by maximal body displacement) between 9.8÷11.4 %Body comfort (evaluated by maximal body acceleration) between 3.4÷35.5 %Adherence (evaluated by maximal and RMS wheel-groundcontact force variation) between 7.0÷12.1 %Body and axles protection (evaluated by buffer strike force) between 10.8÷38.2 %

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF GEOTEXTILE MATERIALS DURING CONSTRUCTION OF DAMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
H.V. Slobodianyk ◽  
◽  
K.Z. Shokot ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Cost

One of the real and promising ways to expand the range and types of structures for strengthening the slopes of embankments and dams is the use of geotextile materials. In the structures under consideration, they can perform protective, filtering, separating, reinforcing functions and moreover they improve the working conditions of the soil and layers of road pavements on the sides of the road and in the slope parts, increasing their stability. The use of geotextiles makes it possible to develop technically and economically effective design solutions. As the analysis of literature data has shown, soil reinforcement is an effective method for increasing the bearing capacity of foundations at a relatively low cost. Therefore, research, both theoretical and experimental, the development and creation of computational models taking into account the influence of reinforcing elements is an urgent problem. The paper considers the stress-strain state of a bulk dam without and with two options for the location of geotextiles. On the basis of the carried out numerical modeling, it is shown how when using geotextiles, the bearing capacity of a structure increases, while the volume of materials decreases. At the second stage, on the basis of the calculations, the optimal variant of the location of the geotextile material in the body of the structure was selected with the best technical and economic indicators. The research results show that when reinforcing the embankment with open clips in two rows – in the upper and lower parts-the smallest horizontal and vertical movements are obtained at almost the same total stresses. At the same time, the required value of the resistance coefficient is achieved, and the volume of soil is reduced. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of geotextile materials can reduce the cost of basic building materials while increasing operational characteristics and extending the service life of the structure.

Indicators of metabolism and biochemical status of blood in horses of Yakut breed in winter and spring seasons

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
U. Khompodoeva ◽  
R. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms

The results of researches on the peculiarities of metabolism in the body of horses of Yakut breed in the winter and spring periods under the environments of Central Yakutia have been presented in the article. Physiological experiments on the digestibility of the main nutrients of the feed have been carried out in the winter (February) and spring (April) periods under the environments of the physiological yard in the Yakutsk Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture named after M. G. Safronov with using the classical method. Five mares and five geldings of Yakut breed have been selected for researches. The average live weight of mares was 378–410 kg, geldings 394–403 kg. The experimental animals had average fatness. It has been found a higher intake of energy and the main nutrients of hay as a mono feed in winter compared to the spring period. At the same time pregnant mares in winter have been consumed 103,8±3,12 MJ of metabolic energy per head/day, which was 27,3 % significantly higher than in the spring period – 75,4±2,18 MJ (P ≥ 0,999). Geldings have been consumed in the experiment 67,70±2,85 MJ, which was by 43,7 % higher than in the spring period – 38,05 ± 4,40 MJ of metabolic energy per head/day (P ≥ 0,999). Experimental animals have been housed in stalls; there was no energy expenditure for movement, so the amount of energy consumed in winter indicates the production of heat in the animal’s body. Pregnant mares per 100 kg of live weight have consumed 31,5±4,11 MJ of metabolic energy or 33,3 % more than in the spring period – 21,0±1,98 MJ; geldings have consumed 27,69±1,12, which was 41,78 % significantly higher than in the spring – 16,12 ± 0,75 MJ (P ≥ 0,999). The high intake of metabolic energy into the body of Yakut horses in winter is explained by the manifestation of adaptive mechanisms that affect the effective metabolism for survival, adapted to frequent changes in weather conditions and sharp temperature changes. The established differences in the biochemical parameters of blood serum of horses of Yakut breed are associated with changes in the consumption and digestibility of basic nutrients and energy, depending on the ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Load Measurement of the Cervical Vertebra C7 and the Head of Passengers of a Car While Driving Across Uneven Terrain

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3849
Author(s):  
Martin Svoboda ◽  
Milan Chalupa ◽  
Karel Jelen ◽  
František Lopot ◽  
Petr Kubový ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
The Road ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
On The Road

The article deals with the measurement of dynamic effects that are transmitted to the driver (passenger) when driving in a car over obstacles. The measurements were performed in a real environment on a defined track at different driving speeds and different distributions of obstacles on the road. The reaction of the human organism, respectively the load of the cervical vertebrae and the heads of the driver and passenger, was measured. Experimental measurements were performed for different variants of driving conditions on a 28-year-old and healthy man. The measurement’s main objective was to determine the acceleration values of the seats in the vehicle in the vertical movement of parts of the vehicle cabin and to determine the dynamic effects that are transmitted to the driver and passenger in a car when driving over obstacles. The measurements were performed in a real environment on a defined track at various driving speeds and diverse distributions of obstacles on the road. The acceleration values on the vehicle’s axles and the structure of the driver’s and front passenger’s seats, under the buttocks, at the top of the head (Vertex Parietal Bone) and the C7 cervical vertebra (Vertebra Cervicales), were measured. The result of the experiment was to determine the maximum magnitudes of acceleration in the vertical direction on the body of the driver and the passenger of the vehicle when passing a passenger vehicle over obstacles. The analysis of the experiment’s results is the basis for determining the future direction of the research.

Embodying the culture of achievement: Culture between illness and perfection is a ‘thin line’ – obtaining the ideal female body as an act of achievement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110040
Author(s):  
Josefine Dilling ◽  
Anders Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Body Ideals

In this article, we argue that certain behaviour connected to the attempt to attain contemporary female body ideals in Denmark can be understood as an act of achievement and, thus, as an embodiment of the culture of achievement, as it is characterised in Præstationssamfundet, written by the Danish sociologist Anders Petersen (2016) Hans Reitzels Forlag . Arguing from cultural psychological and sociological standpoints, this article examines how the human body functions as a mediational tool in different ways from which the individual communicates both moral and aesthetic sociocultural ideals and values. Complex processes of embodiment, we argue, can be described with different levels of internalisation, externalisation and materialisation, where the body functions as a central mediator. Analysing the findings from a qualitative experimental study on contemporary body ideals carried out by the Danish psychologists Josefine Dilling and Maja Trillingsgaard, this article seeks to anchor such theoretical claims in central empirical findings. The main conclusions from the study are used to structure the article and build arguments on how expectations and ideals expressed in an achievement society become embodied.

MENGESAN KEWUJUDAN JIN BERDASARKAN PERUBAHAN WARNA AURA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
YOHAN KURNIAWAN ◽  
ALEXANDER STRAK ◽  
BURHAN BIN CHE DAUD ◽  
HISHAMUDDIN MD. SOM ◽  
ABDUL AZIZ BIN SUAIB
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Collection Methods ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Color Data ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Collection Methods

Kewujudan jin merupakan suatu kepercayaan yang telah lama wujud dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu di Nusantara, khususnya di Malaysia. Kewujudan jin telah diterangkan secara jelas dalam kitab suci Al-Quran. Walaupun terdapat sumber maklumat yang sahih akan tetapi kewujudan jin ini belum dapat dibuktikan secara saintifi k. Kajian yang dijalankan ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan memahami fenomena kewujudan jin berdasarkan warna aura. Kajian yang dijalankan merupakan kajian eksperimental dan melibatkan seorang responden yang memiliki saka. Kaedah pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah perubahan warna aura dan temu bual. Peralatan kajian yang digunakan adalahperalatan WinAura untuk mendapatkan data perubahan warna aura, dan peralatan rakaman untuk data temu bual. Hasil kajian mendapati kewujudan jin dalam badan seseorang ditandai dengan warna merah yang wujud secara tiba-tiba dan konsisten pada bahagian badan tertentu terutamanya pada bahagian dahi, tekak atau pada bahagian badan sebelah kiri. Hasil temu bual mendapati rawatan perubatan Islam yang dilakukan oleh responden mengatakan bahawa terdapat jin dalam diri responden. Kajian ini berjaya membuktikan kewujudan jin dalam diri responden berdasarkan perubahan warna aura.   The existence of the jinn is a phenomena that has long existed among the Malay community in Nusantara, especially in Malaysia. The existence of the jinn has been described clearly in the Holy Quran. Although there is a valid source of information, unfortunately the existence of the genie has not been scientifically proven. The study was aimed to identify and understand the phenomenon of jinn existence based on aura color. The study was an experimental study and involved a respondent who has saka. Data collection methods were used in this study was aura change color and interview. The equipments was used in this research were the WinAura machine to obtain of changing color data of the aura. The study found that the existence of genie in a person’s body was characterized by suddenly and consistent appear of red color in certain parts of the body, especially on the forehead, throat or on the left side of the body. The interviews also found that the characteristics and experience that the respondent’s surrounding and the there are energy or strength that followed respondent. This study proved the existence of supernatural beings (genie) based on aura change color.

On the Regulation of the Respiration in Reptiles

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
BODIL NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Interval ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Instantaneous Increase

1. In two species of Lacerta (L. viridis and L. sicula) the effects on respiration of body temperature (changes in metabolic rate) and of CO2 added to the inspired air were studied. 2. Pulmonary ventilation increases when body temperature increases. The increase is brought about by an increase in respiratory frequency. No relationship is found between respiratory depth and temperature. 3. The rise in ventilation is provoked by the needs of metabolism and is not established for temperature regulating purposes (in the temperature interval 10°-35°C). 4. The ventilation per litre O2 consumed has a high numerical value (about 75, compared to about 20 in man). It varies with the body temperature and demonstrates that the inspired air is better utilized at the higher temperatures. 5. Pulmonary ventilation increases with increasing CO2 percentages in the inspired air between o and 3%. At further increases in the CO2 percentage (3-13.5%) it decreases again. 6. At each CO2 percentage the pulmonary ventilation reaches a steady state after some time (10-60 min.) and is then unchanged over prolonged periods (1 hr.). 7. The respiratory frequency in the steady state decreases with increasing CO2 percentages. The respiratory depth in the steady state increases with increasing CO2 percentages. This effect of CO2 breathing is not influenced by a change in body temperature from 20° to 30°C. 8. Respiration is periodically inhibited by CO2 percentages above 4%. This inhibition, causing a Cheyne-Stokes-like respiration, ceases after a certain time, proportional to the CO2 percentage (1 hr. at 8-13% CO2), and respiration becomes regular (steady state). Shift to room air breathing causes an instantaneous increase in frequency to well above the normal value followed by a gradual decrease to normal values. 9. The nature of the CO2 effect on respiratory frequency and respiratory depth is discussed, considering both chemoreceptor and humoral mechanisms.

TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN EXERCISE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-702
Author(s):  
Sid Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Warm Blood ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Large Increments

The central body temperature of a man rises gradually during the first half hour of a period of work to a higher level and this level is precisely maintained until the work is stopped; body temperature then slowly declines to the usual resting level. During prolonged work the temperature regulatory center in the hypothalamus appears to be reset at a level which is proportional to the intensity of the work and this setting is independent of environmental temperature changes ranging from cold to moderately warm. In hot environments the resistance to heat loss may be so great that all of the increased metabolic heat of work cannot be dissipated and the man's central temperature will rise above the thermostatic setting. If this condition of imbalance is continued long enough heat stroke will ensue. We have found that in a 3 mile race lasting only 14 minutes on a hot summer day a runner's rectal temperature may rise to 41.1°C., with heat stroke imminent. The physiological regulation of body temperature of men in warm environments and during the increased metabolic heat production of work is dependent on sweating to provide evaporative cooling of the skin, and on adjustments of cutaneous blood flow which determine the conductance of heat from the deeper tissues to the skin. The mechanisms of regulating these responses during work are complex and not entirely understood. Recent experiments carried out in this laboratory indicate that during work, sweating may be regulated by reflexes originating from thermal receptors in the veins draining warm blood from the muscles, summated with reflexes from the cutaneous thermal receptors, both acting through the hypothalamic center, the activity of which is increased in proportion to its own temperature. At the beginning of work the demand for blood flow to the muscles results in reflex vasoconstriction in the skin. As the body temperature rises the thermal demand predominates and the cutaneous vessels dilate, increasing heat conductance to the skin. Large increments in cardiac output and compensatory vasoconstriction in the abdominal viscera make these vascular adjustments in work possible without circulatory embarrassment.

An experimental study of source motion synthesis from first arrivals

1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-963
Author(s):  
Henry N. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Source Function ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Fixed Position ◽  
Explosive Source ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
Surface Ice ◽  
Source Motion

Abstract The motion near a seismic source is synthesized from experimentally obtained seismograms of non-dispersed body waves. The body waves were emitted from an explosive source submerged in a lake with a frozen surface. The seismograms were recorded at several distances by moving the source to a greater depth for each record, while the seismometer remained in a fixed position on the surface ice sheet. All syntheses of the waveform one meter from the source yield the impulsive nature of the source. Deviations between the synthesized one-meter record and the observed one-meter motion are thought to reflect primarily the changing character of the shot medium with depth from the ice. These results indicate that over the short propagation distances (about three wavelengths for the higher frequencies recorded) through the simple medium of this experiment, the observed waveforms and their associated spectra retain characteristics of the source function. The records also yield some information regarding the nature and structure of the elastic medium about the source.

scholarly journals Death as an Aesthetic Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-104
Author(s):  
Leander Scholz ◽  
◽  
Anatoly Lipov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Art Scene ◽  
Operating Theatres ◽  
Contemporary Artist ◽  
Funeral Homes ◽  
Ethical Requirement

The more intensely a person thinks about the final nature of life, the more he is bound to a moment in life that is limited in time. Death is a very personal and intimate process, which in most cases is not «beautiful». The reality of death in clinics, intensive care units and operating theatres is, by its human nature, cruel. The body at the «end of the road» is captured by funeral homes. Thus, death today is identical to a long path of suffering. The article is dedicated to the author's reflection on a project by the German artist Gregor Schneider, which caused sensation and fierce reaction in Western art circles and beyond the art scene, creating him a reputation as «the most terrible contemporary artist» who has violated «existing» restrictions that cannot be exceeded if we do not want to question our civilization. The artist's vision is to allow a terminally ill person to die as part of an art project that represents a confrontation with death and that can remove the horror of death. As part of the project, the dying person defines everything in advance. Instead of a mass medical procedure of the same type, death, modeled on the artist's skill, Schneider argues, will create humane places for death and contribute to the creation of a space where people can die with dignity, creating personal protection and ensuring the ethical requirement of free will and self-determination.

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