scholarly journals Scientific and technical support of production of thermoplastic materials for road marking

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Talalai ◽  
Yuri Vasiliev ◽  
Vladimir Kochetkov
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Unlimited Time ◽  
Technological Evaluation ◽  
Finished Mixture ◽  
Body Production ◽  
The Given ◽  
Road Marking

The basis of the technological evaluation of the composition of thermoplastic for road marking is the calculation of production costs associated with a particular technological scheme. In the most General form, any process for obtaining marking thermoplastics consists of the following technological operations: preparation of components; preparation of thermoplastic mixture; rastarivanie and packaging. In principle, such schemes currently exist two: a scheme that determines the production of thermoplastics in the form of a dry mechanical mixture; a scheme that determines the production of thermoplastics in the form of homogeneous fused blocks. Mixing of all components according to the first scheme in the mixer is made within three-five minutes. During mixing, liquid components are added to the mixer, if the latter are provided by the formulation. The finished mixture is discharged through a hole in the bottom of the mixer body. Production under the second scheme has a number of undoubted advantages. This is a thorough dispersion of the components that make up the thermoplastic, which ensures uniformity of its properties in any part of the batch of manufactured material. When transporting the thermoplastic in the container does not require the shelter from atmospheric precipitation and can be stored for unlimited time in unheated warehouses. From the given data it is visible that the developed compositions received as a result of performance of the present work, in comparison with analog possess the raised adhesion to asphalt concrete and elasticity in a temperature range from -10 oC to 20 oC. These indicators allow to draw a conclusion about the best resistance of the developed material in operating conditions, especially at negative temperatures.

Sustainable approach towards the new EU-Sugar Market era

2016 ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arend Wittenberg ◽  
Menno Roukema ◽  
Jan L.M. Struijs ◽  
Olaf van Baal
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Sugar Market ◽  
Strong Market Position ◽  
Growth Scaling ◽  
The Given

Suiker Unie focuses on a strong market position in Northwest Europe at the lowest possible production costs for sugar. The company tries to achieve this by giving attention to the entire production chain. An important pillar of this mission is sustainability. During the recent years Suiker Unie developed a Masterplan to prepare its factories for the new market situation after 2017. In line with Cosun’s strategy of profitable growth, scaling up production capacity of beet factories was defined as goal of this Masterplan. The ambition of reduction of production costs and sustainability (e.g. carbon-footprint) was translated into the challenging constraint to increase the capacity growth within the given steam supply and the actual odour and noise emissions. Based on a thorough bottleneck study a portfolio of measures for each factory is defined, grouped into debottlenecking, energy saving, optimization and environmental projects.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE POSSIBILITY OF JOINTLESS TRACK ARRANGEMENT IN CURVED SECTIONS OF RADIUS LESS THAN 350 METERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (37) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
V. Tverdomed
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Track Structure ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Transverse Stability ◽  
The Given ◽  
Current Operating

The traditional structure of the upper structure of the track on the main railways of Ukraine in curved sections with a radius of less than 350 m is a link structure of the track with wooden sleepers. This track design is not rational under current operating conditions. The use of a more advanced jointless track design in curves with a radius of less than 350 m is limited primarily by the condition of ensuring the transverse stability of the rail-sleeper lattice. To be able to expand the use of jointless track construction in curved sections with a radius of less than 350 m, it is necessary to know the values of the transverse forces of interaction of the structures of the upper track structure with the moving carriage. Knowing the forces of interaction, it is possible to estimate by what value the transverse stability of the rail-sleeper lattice will be provided and to make constructive decisions on its increase. The method of determination of transverse horizontal forces of interaction of track and moving carriage in curves of radius less than 350 m taking into account quasi-static compressive forces in a train is given. The reasons for these forces are related to the presence of eccentricity of the autoclutch shank in the horizontal and vertical planes. Theoretical calculations of horizontal transverse forces of interaction are carried out according to the given technique and coefficients of stability of a rail-sleeper lattice in curved sites are defined. The main conclusions concerning the possibility of operation of the jointless track structure in curved sections with a radius of 350 m and less are made.

scholarly journals PROFESSIONAL RISKS TO HEALTH OF THE PERSONNEL OF EXIT BRIGADES OF SERVICE OF THE FIRST HELP

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
V. O. Krasovskij ◽  
L. M. Karamova ◽  
G. R. Basharova
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
System A ◽  
The Given

Clause analyzes the reasons of professional risks for health of the personnel of exit brigades of the first help. Clinical and hygienic researches in regional substation of a megacity have shown that in labour activity of these workers it is necessary to consider as leading professional harm action of transport vibration. The given circumstance and other reasons provide professional risks of development of illnesses of cardiovascular, bone-muscular system, a gastroenteric path. The interdepartmental complex of actions on improvement of operating conditions of the exit personnel is offered.

scholarly journals Improvement of operation of steam cushion system for sensible thermal energy storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00107
Author(s):  
Ryszard Zwierzchowski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Suction Pipe

The paper contains a method for improvement of operation of steam cushion system including its energy savings analyses, for a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) tank. Energy savings analyses were performed using operational data from selected Combined Heat and Power plants, which supply heat to large cities in Poland and are furnished with the TES. The role of the steam cushion system in the TES tank is to prevent the stored water against absorbing oxygen from atmospheric air. In the TES tank, which is a non-pressure tank, oxygen from atmospheric air could penetrate to the network water through the surge chamber and safety valves. The steam pressure under the roof is generated from technological steam injected under the roof. Energy savings in the steam cushion system are generated by using an appropriate technical solution for the upper orifice and suction pipe for circulation water, i.e., to make it movable through the use of pontoons. An isolating buffer layer is created at the top of the tank with very small convective and turbulent heat transport, which causes limited heat transfer from steam bed to the stored water in the tank. This results in heat flux of approximately 10% of the heat flux that occurs in the typical technical solution of the upper orifice and suction pipe for circulation water in the TES tank. This technology offers great opportunities to improve the operating conditions of District Heating System, cutting energy production costs and emissions of pollutants to the atmosphere.

Assessment and Optimization of the Aerodynamic and Acoustic Characteristics of a Counter Rotating Open Rotor

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schnell ◽  
J. Yin ◽  
C. Voss ◽  
E. Nicke
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Automatic Optimization ◽  
Open Rotor ◽  
Acoustic Evaluation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cfd Method ◽  
The Given

The present study demonstrates the aerodynamic and acoustic optimization potential of a counter rotating open rotor. The objective was to maximize the propeller efficiency at top of climb conditions and to minimize the noise emission at takeoff while fulfilling the given thrust specifications at two operating conditions (takeoff and top of climb) considered. Both objectives were successfully met by applying an efficient multi-objective optimization procedure in combination with a 3D RANS method. The acoustic evaluation was carried out with a coupled U-RANS and an analytic far field prediction method based on an integral Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings approach. This first part of the paper deals with the application of DLR’s CFD method TRACE to counter rotating open rotors. This study features the choice and placement of boundary conditions, resolution requirements, and a corresponding meshing strategy. The aerodynamic performance in terms of thrust, torque, and efficiency was evaluated based on steady state calculations with a mixing plane placed in between both rotors, which allowed for an efficient and reliable evaluation of the performance, in particular, within the automatic optimization. The aerodynamic optimization was carried by the application of AutoOpti, a multi-objective optimization procedure based on an evolutionary algorithm, which also was developed at the Institute of propulsion technology at DLR. The optimization presented in this paper features more than 1600 converged 3D steady-state CFD simulations at two operating conditions, takeoff and top of climb, respectively. In order to accelerate the optimization process, a surrogate model based on a Kriging interpolation on the response surfaces was introduced. The main constrains and regions of interest during the optimization were a given power split between the rotors at takeoff, retaining an axial outflow at the aft rotor exit at top of climb, and fulfilling the given thrust specifications at both operating conditions. Two objectives were defined: One was to maximize the (propeller) efficiency at top of climb conditions. The other objective was an acoustic criteria aiming at decreasing the rotor/rotor interaction noise at takeoff by smoothening the front rotor wakes. Approximately 100 geometric parameters were set free during the optimization to allow for a flexible definition of the 3D blade geometry in terms of rotor sweep, aft rotor clipping, hub contour as well as a flexible definition of different 2D profiles at different radial locations. The acoustic evaluation was carried out based on unsteady 3D-RANS computations with the same CFD method (TRACE) involving an efficient single-passage phase-lag approach. These unsteady results were coupled with the integral Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings method APSIM via a permeable control surface covering both rotors. The far field directivities and spectra for a linear microphone array were evaluated, here mainly at the takeoff certification point. This (still time consuming) acoustic evaluation was carried out after the automatic optimization for a few of the most promising individuals only, and results will be presented in comparison with the baseline configuration. This detailed acoustic evaluation also allowed for an assessment of the effectiveness of the acoustic cost function as introduced within the automatic optimization.

Life Prediction of Cutting Tool by the Workpiece Cutting Condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemia Gomes de Mattos de Mesquita ◽  
José Eduardo Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Arimatea Quaresma Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
The Cost

Stops to exchange cutting tool, to set up again the tool in a turning operation with CNC or to measure the workpiece dimensions have direct influence on production. The premature removal of the cutting tool results in high cost of machining, since the parcel relating to the cost of the cutting tool increases. On the other hand the late exchange of cutting tool also increases the cost of production because getting parts out of the preset tolerances may require rework for its use, when it does not cause bigger problems such as breaking of cutting tools or the loss of the part. Therefore, the right time to exchange the tool should be well defined when wanted to minimize production costs. When the flank wear is the limiting tool life, the time predetermination that a cutting tool must be used for the machining occurs within the limits of tolerance can be done without difficulty. This paper aims to show how the life of the cutting tool can be calculated taking into account the cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed and depth of cut), workpiece material, power of the machine, the dimensional tolerance of the part, the finishing surface, the geometry of the cutting tool and operating conditions of the machine tool, once known the parameters of Taylor algebraic structure. These parameters were raised for the ABNT 1038 steel machined with cutting tools of hard metal.

scholarly journals Friction and Wear Performance of Various Polymer Coatings for Journal Bearings under Stop Start Sliding

Lubricants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Florian Summer ◽  
Florian Grün ◽  
Emma R Ravenhill
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Many Core ◽  
The Given

Increasing environmental legislation and demands for improved fuel economy performance have resulted in the introduction of various measures to optimize the internal combustion engine. Many of these actions significantly change the operating conditions of the engines and bring with them new challenges that original engine manufacturers (OEMs) have to solve. One example is stop start technology, which changes the operation of many core parts of engines such as journal bearings. Hence, the current paper deals with this topic. In particular, different polymer coated bearings have been studied regarding their friction and wear performance under stop start sliding. Detailed material characterization of the materials was carried out using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, tribometric tests were conducted under controlled and similar conditions on a TE92 tribometer using a bearing segment test set up. The results show that the various polymer coated bearings tested provide enhanced friction and wear performance in comparison to other bearing types (e.g., lead-based electroplated) and that friction and wear performance differs also among them. In this regard, a higher amount of solid lubricant fillers and a dense filler structure appears to be beneficial under the given test conditions.

scholarly journals A decision-making methodology integrated in product design for additive manufacturing process selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-909
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Zicheng Zhu ◽  
Songhe Ye
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Given ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Am Processes

Purpose The decision-making for additive manufacturing (AM) process selection is typically applied in the end of the product design stages based upon an already finished design. However, due to unique characteristics of AM processes, the part needs to be designed for the specific AM process. This requires potentially feasible AM techniques to be identified in early design stages. This paper aims to develop such a decision-making methodology that can seamlessly be integrated in the product design stages to facilitate AM process selection and assist product/part design. Design/methodology/approach The decision-making methodology consists of four elements, namely, initial screening, technical evaluation and selection of feasible AM processes, re-evaluation of the feasible process and production machine selection. Prior to the design phase, the methodology determines whether AM production is suitable based on the given design requirements. As the design progresses, a more accurate process selection in terms of technical and economic viability is performed using the analytic hierarchy process technique. Features that would cause potential manufacturability issues and increased production costs will be identified and modified. Finally, a production machine that is best suited for the finished product design is identified. Findings The methodology was found to be able to facilitate the design process by enabling designers to identify appropriate AM technique and production machine, which was demonstrated in the case study. Originality/value This study addresses the gap between the isolated product design and process selection stages by developing the decision-making methodology that can be integrated in product design stages.

Influence of Charge Composition on EN-GJS-500-7 Ductile Iron Properties in Foundry Operating Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 998 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Alena Pribulová ◽  
Peter Futaš ◽  
Marcela Pokusova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Iron Castings ◽  
Worldwide Production

Worldwide production of ductile iron castings reached in year 2017 26,428,148 metric tons, which is 34% of the total weight of all castings made from cast iron. The most significant increase in ductile iron castings was recorded in Slovakia, up to 78.6%. Castings from ductile iron have a very huge utilization thanks their very good foundry and mechanical properties. The current economic situation in all industries forces entrepreneurs and producers to rationalize production and reduce production costs, with a worldwide trend to increase the share of steel scrap, a technology for the production of ductile cast iron. The paper describes the results of research focused on the effect of charge composition, mainly the share of scrap steel on the final properties and structure of ductile iron EN-GJS-500-7 under the operating conditions of foundry. Six melts with different charge composition were made. The samples from all melts were taken and chemical analysis, microstructure analysis and testing on mechanical properties were made on them. The mechanical properties of produced globular cast irons were according with the relevant standard. It is important to mention that there has been a significant increase in strength characteristics in melts in which the carbon content exceeded 4% (CE = 4.7 and 4.8%, respectively).

Investigation of fatigue performance of low temperature alloys for liquefied natural gas storage tanks

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (7) ◽  
pp. 1300-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Jin Oh ◽  
Jae-Myung Lee ◽  
Byeong-Jae Noh ◽  
Wha-Soo Kim ◽  
Ryuichi-Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Operating Life

One of the most important issues associated with liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks, such as LNG carrier cargo tanks and land LNG tanks, is their structural integrity. In order to ensure the operating life and safety of LNG storage tanks used under operating conditions such as thermal and cyclic loadings, the securing of safety evaluations for fatigue performance is considered to be of particular importance. There have been various efforts to reduce the production costs of LNG storage tanks, such as the optimum selection of materials and the development of new low temperature materials. This, the motivation of this study is to evaluate new material candidates for LNG storage tanks. This study begins with a comprehensive review of the characteristics of low temperature alloys such as SUS 304L, Invar, A5083 and 9% Ni steel that are widely used for LNG storage tanks. Then, the fatigue characteristics of a newly developed low temperature material, 7% nickel steel are investigated. Finally, the fatigue performance of 7% nickel steel is compared with that of 9% nickel steel.

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