Brain imaging of the neural systems affected in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1523-1527
Author(s):  
Marie T Banich
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Genetic variations influence brain changes in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh K. Yadav ◽  
Ajaz A. Bhat ◽  
Sheema Hashem ◽  
Sabah Nisar ◽  
Madeeha Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Imaging Genetics ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological and neurodevelopmental childhood-onset disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, restlessness, and hyperactivity. These symptoms may continue in 55–66% of cases from childhood into adulthood. Even though the precise etiology of ADHD is not fully understood, it is considered as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder with several contributing factors such as heritability, auxiliary to neurodevelopmental issues, severe brain injuries, neuroinflammation, consanguineous marriages, premature birth, and exposure to environmental toxins. Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental assessments may help to explore the possible role of genetic variations on ADHD neuropsychobiology. Multiple genetic studies have observed a strong genetic association with various aspects of neuropsychobiological functions, including neural abnormalities and delayed neurodevelopment in ADHD. The advancement in neuroimaging and molecular genomics offers the opportunity to analyze the impact of genetic variations alongside its dysregulated pathways on structural and functional derived brain imaging phenotypes in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including ADHD. Recently, neuroimaging genomic studies observed a significant association of brain imaging phenotypes with genetic susceptibility in ADHD. Integrating the neuroimaging-derived phenotypes with genomics deciphers various neurobiological pathways that can be leveraged for the development of novel clinical biomarkers, new treatment modalities as well as therapeutic interventions for ADHD patients. In this review, we discuss the neurobiology of ADHD with particular emphasis on structural and functional changes in the ADHD brain and their interactions with complex genomic variations utilizing imaging genetics methodologies. We also highlight the genetic variants supposedly allied with the development of ADHD and how these, in turn, may affect the brain circuit function and related behaviors. In addition to reviewing imaging genetic studies, we also examine the need for complementary approaches at various levels of biological complexity and emphasize the importance of combining and integrating results to explore biological pathways involved in ADHD disorder. These approaches include animal models, computational biology, bioinformatics analyses, and multimodal imaging genetics studies.

scholarly journals Towards Conceptualizing a Neural Systems-Based Anatomy of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Makris ◽  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Michael C. Monuteaux ◽  
Larry J. Seidman
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Directions of Aetiologic Research on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Levy ◽  
Cathy Ban ◽  
Glen Sunohara
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dopaminergic Systems ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective: The aim of this paper is to review and integrate recent literature on aetiological factors that have been postulated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Recent studies relating to perinatal brain damage, intra-uterine toxic effects, neurochemical, brain imaging and genetic studies are reviewed, and those considered most significant are discussed. Where possible, recent findings are integrated and directions of future research are suggested. Clinical implications are briefly discussed. Results: Perinatal studies indicate that children with a birth weight under 750 g may be disadvantaged for attentional skills. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and steady state visually evoked potential studies show differences in prefrontal, caudate and parietal areas in ADHD children, suggesting right hemispheric dysfunction. Functional MRI studies hold promise in further elucidating attentional systems in the central nervous system that are involved in ADHD. Genetic studies suggest genes related to dopaminergic systems may be important. Conclusions: Recent research on ADHD has made considerable advances, particularly in the areas of brain imaging and genetic studies. Genetic studies should provide further aetiological understandings of ADHD, leading to more targeted treatments.

Brain Imaging of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 931 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAY N. GIEDD ◽  
JONATHAN BLUMENTHAL ◽  
ELIZABETH MOLLOY ◽  
F. XAVIER CASTELLANOS
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

SPECT Brain Imaging Abnormalities in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARL G. SIEG ◽  
GARY R. GAFFNEY ◽  
DAVID F. PRESTON ◽  
JESSICA A. HELLINGS
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder
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