Developments in diagnosis and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis during the last decade and future prospects

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi ◽  
Nahid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Future Prospects

scholarly journals Clinical Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Pokot Endemic Area of Uganda and Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda K. Mueller ◽  
Jan H. Kolaczinski ◽  
Timothy Koech ◽  
Peter Lokwang ◽  
Mark Riongoita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

Visceral leishmaniasis: current status of control, diagnosis, and treatment, and a proposed research and development agenda

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe J Guerin ◽  
Piero Olliaro ◽  
Shyam Sundar ◽  
Marleen Boelaert ◽  
Simon L Croft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Development Agenda

scholarly journals Strengthening Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis Capacity to Improve Access to Care in Kenya: The Example of Marsabit County

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dziedzom K. de Souza ◽  
Albert Picado ◽  
Paul R. Bessell ◽  
Abduba Liban ◽  
Davis Wachira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Facility Placement ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Facilities

BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that is fatal if not treated early. The WHO targets the elimination of VL as a public health problem in its 2030 NTD road map. However, improving access to VL diagnosis and treatment remains a major challenge in many VL-endemic countries. Kenya is endemic for VL and is among the top 6 high-disease burden countries in the world.MethodsFIND, through its activities in improving the diagnosis of VL and supporting the elimination of the disease in Kenya, has worked with various county ministries of health (MOH) and central MOH over the last couple of years. FIND’s activities in Marsabit county started in 2018. In this work, we present the implementation of activities and the impacts in Marsabit county. We reviewed the data for 2017 and 2019 outbreaks (before and after the implementation of FIND’s activities) and assessed the importance of improving access and community sensitization to VL diagnosis. We assessed the contribution of each facility to the total distance traveled from a perspective of location optimization.ResultsThere was a sharp increase in the number of people tested in the 2017 outbreak compared to the 2019 outbreak. In 2017, 437 people were tested compared to 2,338 in 2019. The county reported 234 and 688 VL cases in 2017 and 2019, respectively. The data revealed a shift in the demographic structures of cases toward the younger population (mean age in 2017 was 17.6 years and 15.3 years in 2019), with more female cases reported in 2019 compared to 2017. In 2017, 44.4% were 10 years of age or under. In 2019, the proportion 10 years or below was 52.2%. The addition of two new diagnosis facilities in 2018 resulted in a decrease in the distance traveled by confirmed VL cases from 28.1 km in 2017 to 10.8 km in 2019. Assessing the impact of facility placement indicated the most optimal facilities to provide VL diagnostic services and minimize the distance traveled by patients. Adding new facilities reduces the travel distance until a point where the addition of a new facility provides no additional impact.ConclusionThe results from this study indicate the need to carefully consider the placement of health facilities in improving access to VL diagnosis and treatment and could serve as an investment case in deciding when to stop adding new facilities in a particular setting. Extending the activities in Kenya to other VL-endemic countries in East Africa will contribute significantly toward the elimination of the disease, addressing the needs of marginalized populations and leaving no one behind.

Current diagnosis and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 919-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Mondal ◽  
Pradyot Bhattacharya ◽  
Nahid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

scholarly journals Identification of immunoreactive proteins in secretions of Leishmania infantum promastigotes: an immunoproteomic approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1548-1555
Author(s):  
Sajad Rashidi ◽  
Paul Nguewa ◽  
Zahra Mojtahedi ◽  
Bahador Shahriari ◽  
Kurosh Kalantar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Protein Separation ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chitin Binding Protein ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Background: In the Mediterranean region, Leishmania infantum is the main cause of visceral leishmaniasis. Dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis are an important reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis. Control of canine visceral leishmaniasis could disrupt transmission of visceral leishmaniasis to humans. The secreted antigens of Leishmania promastigotes are potential stimuli of the host immune system. Proteomic techniques facilitate the identification of new protein markers. Aims: This study aimed to identify immunoreactive proteins in the secretions of L. infantum promastigotes which could be possible targets for the diagnosis and treatment of canine visceral leishmaniasis and the development of vaccines against the disease. Methods: Secretions of L. infantum promastigotes were obtained from the cultivation of 6 × 109 promastigotes in serum-free RPMI-1640 medium during a period of 72 h. After deionization and lyophilization, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used for protein separation followed by Western blotting. Thirteen common and repeatable immunoreactive spots were analysed by mass spectrometry. Results: Nine proteins were identified by spectrometry. Most of these proteins were involved in metabolism pathways, survival and pathogenicity of Leishmania parasites. Phospholipase C, immune inhibitor A, chitin-binding protein and a single peptide match to chain A crystal structure of selenomethionine were observed in the secretions of L. infantum promastigotes. Conclusions: The proteins identified in metabolism pathways, survival and pathogenicity of Leishmania parasites are possible targets that could be used for the diagnosis and treatment of canine visceral leishmaniasis and the development of vaccines against the disease in the future.

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