Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV-1 in resource-limited settings

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1163-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Coutsoudis ◽  
Leith Kwaan ◽  
Mairi Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HIV-1 Drug Resistance Genotyping in Resource Limited Settings: Current and Future Perspectives in Sequencing Technologies

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Sontaga Manyana ◽  
Lilishia Gounder ◽  
Melendhran Pillay ◽  
Justen Manasa ◽  
Kogieleum Naidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv 1

Affordable, sensitive, and scalable technologies are needed for monitoring antiretroviral treatment (ART) success with the goal of eradicating HIV-1 infection. This review discusses use of Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing (NGS) methods for HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) genotyping, focusing on their use in resource limited settings (RLS). Sanger sequencing remains the gold-standard method for detecting HIVDR mutations of clinical relevance but is mainly limited by high sequencing costs and low-throughput. NGS is becoming a more common sequencing method, with the ability to detect low-abundance drug-resistant variants and reduce per sample costs through sample pooling and massive parallel sequencing. However, use of NGS in RLS is mainly limited by infrastructure costs. Given these shortcomings, our review discusses sequencing technologies for HIVDR genotyping, focusing on common in-house and commercial assays, challenges with Sanger sequencing in keeping up with changes in HIV-1 treatment programs, as well as challenges with NGS that limit its implementation in RLS and in clinical diagnostics. We further discuss knowledge gaps and offer recommendations on how to overcome existing barriers for implementing HIVDR genotyping in RLS, to make informed clinical decisions that improve quality of life for people living with HIV.

Review: Vertical Transmission of HIV: Parameters Which Might Affect Infection of Placental Trophoblasts by HIV-1: A Review

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marléne Moussa ◽  
Barbara Mognetti ◽  
Sylvie Dubanchet ◽  
Elisabeth Menu ◽  
Pierre Roques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals RNA Detection and Subtype C Assessment of HIV-1 in Infants with Diarrhea in Ethiopia

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Workenesh Ayele ◽  
Tsehai Assefa ◽  
Sileshi Lulseged ◽  
Belete Tegbaru ◽  
Hiwot Berhanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Established Infection

In the absence of chemoprophylaxis, HIV-1 transmission occurs in 13-42% of infants born to HIV-1 positive mothers. All exposed infants acquire maternal HIV-1 antibodies that persist for up to 15 months, thereby hampering diagnosis. In resource limited settings, clinical symptoms are the indices of established infection against validated laboratorybased markers. Here we enrolled 1200 children hospitalized for diarrheal and other illnesses. 20-25% of those tested, aged 15 months or younger, were found to be HIV-1-seropositive. Where sufficient plasma was available, HIV-1 RNA detection was performed using a subtype-insensitive assay, with 71.1% of seropositive infants presenting with diarrhea showing positive. From sub-typing analysis, we identified that viruses of the C’ sub-cluster were predominated amongst infants. Although this study may overestimate the HIV-1 frequency through testing symptomatic infants, diarrhea can be seen as a useful marker indicating HIV-1 infection in infants less than 15 months old.

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