Differentiated thyroid cancers: a comprehensive review of novel targeted therapies

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina L Kojic ◽  
Stefan L Kojic ◽  
Sam M Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancers

scholarly journals What's New in Molecular Targeted Therapies for Thyroid Cancer?

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Seonyoung Min ◽  
Hyunseok Kang
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Braf V600e Mutation ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Ret Mutation ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancers

Thyroid cancer refers to various cancers arising from thyroid gland. Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) include papillary, follicular, and Hurthle cell carcinomas and represent cancers retain normal thyroid functions such as iodine uptake. Radioactive iodine (RAI) is generally used for upfront treatment of metastatic DTCs, but RAI refractory DTCs remain to be clinical challenges. Sorafenib and lenvatinib were approved for the treatment of RAI refractory DTCs and more recently, genomics-based targeted therapies have been developed for NTRK and RET gene fusion-positive DTCs. Poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATCs) are extremely challenging diseases with aggressive courses. BRAF/MEK inhibition has been proven to be highly effective in BRAF V600E mutation-positive ATCs and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising activities. Medullary thyroid cancers, which arise from parafollicular cells of thyroid, represent a unique subset of thyroid cancer and mainly driven by RET mutation. In addition to vandetanib and cabozantinib, highly specific RET inhibitors such as selpercatinib and pralsetinib have demonstrated impressive activity and are in clinical use.

scholarly journals Treatment of advanced thyroid cancer with targeted therapies: ten years of experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. R185-R205 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Viola ◽  
Laura Valerio ◽  
Eleonora Molinaro ◽  
Laura Agate ◽  
Valeria Bottici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Advanced Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancers

AbstractThyroid cancer is rare, but it is the most frequent endocrine malignancy. Its prognosis is generally favorable, especially in cases of well-differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs), such as papillary and follicular cancers, which have survival rates of approximately 95% at 40 years. However, 15–20% of cases became radioiodine refractory (RAI-R), and until now, no other treatments have been effective. The same problems are found in cases of poorly differentiated (PDTC) and anaplastic (ATC) thyroid cancers and in at least 30% of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) cases, which are very aggressive and not sensitive to radioiodine. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent a new approach to the treatment of advanced cases of RAI-R DTC, MTC, PDTC, and, possibly, ATC. In the past 10 years, several TKIs have been tested for the treatment of advanced, progressive, and RAI-R thyroid tumors, and some of them have been recently approved for use in clinical practice: sorafenib and lenvatinib for DTC and PDTC and vandetanib and cabozantinib for MTC. The objective of this review is to present the current status of the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer with the use of innovative targeted therapies by describing both the benefits and the limits of their use based on the experiences reported so far. A comprehensive analysis and description of the molecular basis of these therapies, as well as new therapeutic perspectives, are reported. Some practical suggestions are given for both the choice of patients to be treated and their management, with particular regard to the potential side effects.

Abstract #60: PTEN Promoter Methylation is Specifically Detected in Differentiated Thyroid Cancers

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
Francisco Alvarez ◽  
Helena Bussaglia ◽  
Monica Vilar ◽  
Juan Ybarra ◽  
Alberto de Leiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancers

scholarly journals Thyroid Cancers: From Surgery to Current and Future Systemic Therapies through Their Molecular Identities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3117
Author(s):  
Loredana Lorusso ◽  
Virginia Cappagli ◽  
Laura Valerio ◽  
Carlotta Giani ◽  
David Viola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Systemic Therapies

Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) are commonly and successfully treated with total thyroidectomy plus/minus radioiodine therapy (RAI). Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is only treated with surgery but only intrathyroidal tumors are cured. The worst prognosis is for anaplastic (ATC) and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC). Whenever a local or metastatic advanced disease is present, other treatments are required, varying from local to systemic therapies. In the last decade, the efficacy of the targeted therapies and, in particular, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been demonstrated. They can prolong the disease progression-free survival and represent the most important therapeutic option for the treatment of advanced and progressive thyroid cancer. Currently, lenvatinib and sorafenib are the approved drugs for the treatment of RAI-refractory DTC and PDTC while advanced MTC can be treated with either cabozantinib or vandetanib. Dabrafenib plus trametinib is the only approved treatment by FDA for BRAFV600E mutated ATC. A new generation of TKIs, specifically for single altered oncogenes, is under evaluation in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the current and future treatments of thyroid cancer with regards to the advanced and progressive cases that require systemic therapies that are becoming more and more targeted on the molecular identity of the tumor.

scholarly journals Thyroid functional parameters and correlative autoantibodies as prognostic factors for differentiated thyroid cancers

Oncotarget ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (31) ◽  
pp. 49930-49938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Wenbin Yu ◽  
Jinchuan Fan ◽  
Guojun Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancers

Advances in thyroglobulin assays and their impact on the management of differentiated thyroid cancers

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Michèle d’Herbomez ◽  
Georges Lion ◽  
Amandine Béron ◽  
Jean-Louis Wémeau ◽  
Christine DoCao
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
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