scholarly journals Initial Results of X-ray Imaging and Energy Spectrum Measurements of Hot Electron Plasmas in RT-1

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 050-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko SAITOH ◽  
Yoshihisa YANO ◽  
Tatsunori MIZUSHIMA ◽  
Junji MORIKAWA ◽  
Zensho YOSHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Plasmas ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Spectrum Measurements ◽  
Initial Results

scholarly journals Different Sizes of Windows for Energy Spectrum of a Photon Counting X-ray Imaging System

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Muhammad MasoodSarfaraz ◽  
Aamir Khan ◽  
Farah Batool ◽  
Adeel Akram ◽  
Farman Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Multi-threshold window discriminator based on SAR logic

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. C01042
Author(s):  
J. Jirsa ◽  
M. Marcisovsky ◽  
J. Jakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Successive Approximation ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Front End ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Imaging Detectors ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Novel Design

Abstract The new X-ray imaging detectors allow capturing an X-ray image in various photon energy ranges in one shot. This technique is called X-ray color imaging, and it is becoming a promising method in fields such as medical imaging, computed tomography, and non-destructive material testing. To measure the energy spectrum in one shot, discriminant circuits need to be integrated into the pixel front-end electronics. Several solutions of in-pixel discriminators exist. However, current designs suffer from a low number of discrimination bins and need to adjust each threshold separately, leading to relatively complicated calibration procedures. This work introduces a novel design of a multi-threshold window discriminator based on successive approximation register logic. This circuit realizes in-pixel binning to ten equidistant windows. Two variables are used for tuning the multi-threshold window discriminator: offset of the first window and width of the windows. Setting these parameters allows the user to fulfill the need of the target application.

scholarly journals A Tunable Energy Filter for Medical X-Ray Imaging

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Fredenberg ◽  
Björn Cederström ◽  
Magnus Åslund ◽  
Carolina Ribbing ◽  
Mats Danielsson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Energy ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
Scan Time ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Chromatic Properties

A multiprism lens (MPL) is a refractive X-ray lens, and its chromatic properties can be employed in an energy filtering setup to obtain a narrow tunable X-ray spectrum. We present the first evaluation of such a filter for medical X-ray imaging. The experimental setup yields a 6.6 gain of flux at 20 keV, and we demonstrate tunability by altering the energy spectrum to center also around 17 and 23 keV. All measurements are found to agree well with ray-tracing and a proposed geometrical model. Compared to a model mammography system with absorption filtering, the experimental MPL filter reduces dose 13–25% for 3–7 cm breasts if the spectrum is centered around the optimal energy. Additionally, the resolution is improved 2.5 times for a 5 cm breast. The scan time is increased 3 times but can be reduced with a slightly decreased energy filtering and resolution.

scholarly journals The Ages of High-Mass X-ray Binaries in M33

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (S329) ◽  
pp. 399-399
Author(s):  
Kristen Garofali ◽  
Benjamin F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Nearby Star ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Star Formation Histories ◽  
X Ray Binaries ◽  
Initial Results

AbstractWe present initial results on a survey of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in the nearby, star-forming spiral galaxy M33. The HMXB population in M33 is identified and characterized using a combination of deep Chandra X-ray imaging and archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations. We determine ages for the HMXBs to ~5 Myr precision from fits to the color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of the surrounding stars and the resultant star formation histories (SFHs). The HMXBs in our M33 sample have measured ages, as well as candidate optical counterparts identified from HST photometry.

X-ray energy spectrum measurements by an annular superconducting tunnel junction with trapped magnetic flux quanta

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (26) ◽  
pp. 5464-5466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Lisitskiy ◽  
C. Nappi ◽  
M. Ejrnaes ◽  
R. Cristiano ◽  
M. Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Tunnel Junction ◽  
Superconducting Tunnel Junction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectrum Measurements ◽  
Trapped Magnetic Flux

Defects of Platelet Function Recognized by X-Ray Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
M.G. Baldini ◽  
S. Morinaga ◽  
D. Minasian ◽  
R. Feder ◽  
D. Sayre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Scanning Electron

Contact X-ray imaging is presently developing as an important imaging technique in cell biology. Our recent studies on human platelets have demonstrated that the cytoskeleton of these cells contains photondense structures which can preferentially be imaged by soft X-ray imaging. Our present research has dealt with platelet activation, i.e., the complex phenomena which precede platelet appregation and are associated with profound changes in platelet cytoskeleton. Human platelets suspended in plasma were used. Whole cell mounts were fixed and dehydrated, then exposed to a stationary source of soft X-rays as previously described. Developed replicas and respective grids were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Designing high-resolution slow scan CCD-based TEM camera systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 946-947
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso ◽  
William B. Maxwell ◽  
Russell E. Camp ◽  
Mark H. Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phosphor Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Light Production ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Scintillating Fiber

The imaging requirements for 1000 line CCD camera systems include resolution, sensitivity, and field of view. In electronic camera systems these characteristics are determined primarily by the performance of the electro-optic interface. This component converts the electron image into a light image which is ultimately received by a camera sensor.Light production in the interface occurs when high energy electrons strike a phosphor or scintillator. Resolution is limited by electron scattering and absorption. For a constant resolution, more energy deposition occurs in denser phosphors (Figure 1). In this respect, high density x-ray phosphors such as Gd2O2S are better than ZnS based cathode ray tube phosphors. Scintillating fiber optics can be used instead of a discrete phosphor layer. The resolution of scintillating fiber optics that are used in x-ray imaging exceed 20 1p/mm and can be made very large. An example of a digital TEM image using a scintillating fiber optic plate is shown in Figure 2.

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