scholarly journals Inteligent Line Follower Mini-Robot System

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Román Osorio C. ◽  
José A. Romero ◽  
Mario Peña C. ◽  
Ismael López-Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
System Characterization ◽  
Programming Techniques ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

This paper shows a prototype development of an intelligent line follower mini-robot system, the objective is to recognize, understand and modify the actual performance of the movements of the robot during its pathway by way of getting information in real time from different magnetic sensors implemented in the system and based in a V2X digital compass, microcontroller and odometric measurements. The paper shows as well, the system characterization of the V2X sensor (digital compas) and the cost-benefit of the prototype implementation and performance. The programming techniques and easy operation is detailed too.

scholarly journals The ALARP Principle in the Cost-Benefit Analysis for the Acceptability of Investment Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Nesticò ◽  
Shuquan He ◽  
Gianluigi De Mare ◽  
Renato Benintendi ◽  
Gabriella Maselli
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Mitigation Design ◽  
The Cost

The process of allocating financial resources is extremely complex—both because the selection of investments depends on multiple, and interrelated, variables, and constraints that limit the eligibility domain of the solutions, and because the feasibility of projects is influenced by risk factors. In this sense, it is essential to develop economic evaluations on a probabilistic basis. Nevertheless, for the civil engineering sector, the literature emphasizes the centrality of risk management, in order to establish interventions for risk mitigation. On the other hand, few methodologies are available to systematically compare ante and post mitigation design risk, along with the verification of the economic convenience of these actions. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate how these limits can be at least partially overcome by integrating, in the traditional Cost-Benefit Analysis schemes, the As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) logic. According to it, the risk is tolerable only if it is impossible to reduce it further or if the costs to mitigate it are disproportionate to the benefits obtainable. The research outlines the phases of an innovative protocol for managing investment risks. On the basis of a case study dealing with a project for the recovery and transformation of an ancient medieval village into a widespread-hotel, the novelty of the model consists of the characterization of acceptability and tolerability thresholds of the investment risk, as well as its ability to guarantee the triangular balance between risks, costs and benefits deriving from mitigation options.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit Analysis of RAP Incorporated Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6146-6149
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

It is desirable to incorporate Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement into the asphalt mixtures, which provides several benefits i.e. economic, environmental and performance. It is necessary to study, the economic analysis of the RAP since that incur several contingencies to the asphalt mixtures. In this study, a simple approach is used to evaluate the production cost of the asphalt and RAP incorporated asphalt mixtures. Apart from that Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) is used as a rejuvenator to enhance the properties of the mixture. In this study, asphalt mixture production cost is evaluated and cost of each material is taken from the Public Works Department Standard Scheduled of Rates (PWD – SSR) and the market survey techniques are followed. From the cost-benefit ratio, it is observed that the reduction in the Optimum Binder Content (OBC) provides great economic savings to the production cost. The incorporation of the RAP reduced the asphalt content and reduced the production cost of the asphalt mixtures. The addition of the WVO further reduced the OBC but increased the production cost compared to the non-rejuvenated mixture. The increase in the production cost is due to the extra cost invested on the WVO and other contingencies.

A Method for Estimating Moisture Separator Effectiveness on a Reheat Nuclear Unit

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Kautzmann ◽  
Robert A. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Moisture Separator ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

Having a better understanding of the level of moisture separator performance is an important component in evaluating the cost benefit of a turbine or MSR improvement or retrofit. The documented methods of determining Moisture Separator Effectiveness (MS η) on a reheat nuclear cycle require extensive station instrumentation, which may not be available in many power plants, or the introduction of radioactive (or other) tracers into the plant system. Because of these difficulties and associated costs, moisture separator performance is typically not adequately evaluated or monitored. This situation can lead to significant misconceptions about the actual operating moisture separator effectiveness. Using data from field tests of multiple GE-designed horizontal moisture separators, important relationships between MS performance and certain operating parameters were established that form the basis of this proposed Moisture Separator test method. This test method is specifically designed to remove many of the known difficulties associated with the current testing methods while maintaining reasonable accuracy levels. By removing many of the roadblocks in testing moisture separators, MS η can now be calculated on a regular basis and will allow for periodic performance monitoring and performance degradation detection.

Usability Tests in Medicine: A Cost-Benefit Analysis for Hospitals Before Acquiring Medical Devices for Theatre

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillipp Gonser ◽  
Thomas Fuchsberger ◽  
Ulrich Matern
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Usability Tests ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Present Pilot Study

Purpose: The use of active medical devices in clinical routine should be as safe and efficient as possible. Usability tests (UTs) help improve these aspects of medical devices during their development, but UTs can be of use for hospitals even after a product has been launched. The present pilot study examines the costs and possible benefits of UT for hospitals before buying new medical devices for theatre. Methods: Two active medical devices with different complexity were tested in a standardized UT and a cost-benefit analysis was carried out assuming a different device bought at the same price with a higher usability could increase the efficiency of task solving and due to that save valuable theatre time. Results: The cost of the UT amounted up to €19.400. Hospitals could benefit from UTs before buying new devices for theatre by reducing time-consuming operator errors and thereby increase productivity and patient safety. The possible benefits amounted from €23.300 to €1.570.000 (median = €797.000). Conclusion: Not only hospitals could benefit economically from investing in a UT before deciding to buy a medical device, but especially patients would profit from a higher usability by reducing possible operator errors and increase safety and performance of use.

scholarly journals Planar Body-Mounted Sensors for Electromagnetic Tracking

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2822
Author(s):  
Marco Cavaliere ◽  
Herman Alexander Jaeger ◽  
Kilian O’Donoghue ◽  
Pádraig Cantillon-Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Surgical Navigation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Electromagnetic Tracking ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Pcb Manufacturing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Planar Body

Electromagnetic tracking is a safe, reliable, and cost-effective method to track medical instruments in image-guided surgical navigation. However, patient motion and magnetic field distortions heavily impact the accuracy of tracked position and orientation. The use of redundant magnetic sensors can help to map and mitigate for patient movements and magnetic field distortions within the tracking region. We propose a planar inductive sensor design, printed on PCB and embedded into medical patches. The main advantage is the high repeatability and the cost benefit of using mass PCB manufacturing processes. The article presents new operative formulas for electromagnetic tracking of planar coils on the centimetre scale. The full magnetic analytical model is based on the mutual inductance between coils which can be approximated as being composed by straight conductive filaments. The full model is used to perform accurate system simulations and to assess the accuracy of faster simplified magnetic models, which are necessary to achieve real-time tracking in medical applications.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

The Evolutionary Psychology of Scientific Publishing: Cost-Benefit Optimization of Players in the Game

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Watve
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Current System ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
Collective Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Collective Goals ◽  
Innate Tendency

Peer reviewed scientific publishing is critical for communicating important findings, interpretations and theories in any branch of science. While the value of peer review is rarely doubted, much concern is being raised about the possible biases in the process. I argue here that most of the biases originate in the evolved innate tendency of every player to optimize one’s own cost benefits. Different players in the scientific publishing game have different cost-benefit optima. There are multiple conflicts between individual optima and collective goals. An analysis of the cost-benefit optima of every player in the scientific publishing game shows how and why biases originate. In the current system of publishing, by optimization considerations, the probability of publishing a ‘bad’ manuscript is relatively small but the probability of rejecting a ‘good’ manuscript is very high. By continuing with the current publishing structure, the global distribution of the scientific community would be increasingly clustered. Publication biases by gender, ethnicity, reputation, conformation and conformity will be increasingly common and revolutionary concepts increasingly difficult to publish. Ultimately, I explore the possibility of designing a peer review publishing system in which the conflicts between individual optimization and collective goal can be minimized. In such a system, if everyone behaves with maximum selfishness, biases would be minimized and the progress towards the collective goal would be faster and smoother. Changing towards such a system might prove difficult unless a critical mass of authors take an active role to revolutionize scientific publishing.

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