scholarly journals The Influence of Abattoir Wastes on Macroinvertebrate Distribution in River Idemili, Obosi, South-Eastern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-486
Author(s):  
Keziah N. IBEMENUGA ◽  
Blessing C. NDUBA ◽  
Joseph E. EYO
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Impacted Site

The influence of abattoir wastes on macroinvertebrates distribution in River Idemili, South-Eastern Nigeria, was studied. Three sampling stations 1, 2 and 3 representing upstream of the impacted site, impacted site and downstream of the impacted site respectively were selected. The water quality characteristics, which were significantly different (p<0.05) among the study stations, include water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand and phosphatephosphorus. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the levels of pH and nitrate-nitrogen among the study stations. Thirteen taxa composed of 201 individuals were encountered. Station 1 had the highest taxa (13) species, as well as the number of individuals (92, 45.8%), followed by station 3 with 12 species and 64 (31.8%) individuals. Station 2 had the least diversity and abundance of 6 species composed of 45 (22.4%) individuals. Macroinvertebrate abundance in the study stations were significantly different (p<0.05). Arthropoda (54.7%) was the dominant phylum. Chironomids (Family: Chironomidae) dominated the samples at all the study stations. Coleoptera was completely absent at the impacted site due to organic pollution. Margalef’s species richness and Shannon Wiener index for general diversity were the highest in stations 1 and 3. The low macroinvertebrate abundance, species richness and Shannon diversity index in station 2 may be attributed to the decimating impacts of abattoir wastes entering the water in this station. Renkonen’s number calculated for pairs of stations revealed that stations 1 and 3 were significantly similar, while stations 1 and 2, 2 and 3 were dissimilar. Conclusively, abattoir wastes distort water quality and affect the community structure, composition, distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates inhabiting aquatic ecosystems.

Assemblage Patterns of Hymenoptera at Different Elevations of Gunung Datuk, Rembau

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Nasuha Abd Aziz ◽  
Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Saiyid Jalaluddin Saiyid Shaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Malaise Traps

A study on abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera was conducted in Gunung Datuk, Rembau. Samplings were conducted from November 2014 to February 2015 using six Malaise traps. Three traps were placed at Site 1 at 700m height for high elevation and the remaining traps were placed at Site 2 at 200m height for low elevation. A total number of 221 Hymenopteran were collected which consist of nine families namely Ichneumonidae, Formicidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Evaniidae, Tiphiidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae and Apidae. In this study, 93 individuals were obtained from Site 1, comprising nine families and 43 morphospecies while 127 individuals were obtained from Site 2 with nine families and 45 morphospecies. Formicidae was the most dominant family collected from both sites with a total of 104 individuals while the least family recorded was Apidae with only one individual. Shannon’s Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed Site 1 had the higher diversity value with H’ = 3.17 compared to Site 2 with value H’ = 3.12. For Evenness Index, Site 1 had higher value compared to Site 2 with E’ = 0.84 and E’ = 0.82 respectively. Moreover, for Margalef Richness Index, Site 1 recorded R’ = 9.24 while site two recorded R’ = 9.08 which concluded that Site 1 had higher species richness compared to Site 2. Paired t-test showed that both sites had no significant difference with p>0.05. Overall study showed that the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera in Gunung Datuk were low since the value of H’ is less than 3.50.

scholarly journals Algae and Cyanobacteria Diversity and Bioindication of Long-Term Changes in the Hula Nature Reserve, Israel

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Sophia Barinova ◽  
Alla Alster
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
International Importance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lake Hula

Lake Hula, the core of one of the most extensive wetland complexes in the Eastern Mediterranean, was drained in 1951–1958. However, about 350 hectares of papyrus marshes were allocated in the southwestern part of the previous lake and became the Hula Nature Reserve status, the first of two wetlands in Israel included in the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance. The list of algae and cyanobacteria species of Lake Hula was compiled by us for the first time based on data from publications of 1938–1958, as well as our research in the Hula Nature Reserve, obtained within the framework of the monitoring program for 2007–2013. The list includes 225 species and intraspecies of algae and cyanobacteria belonging to eight phyla. The dynamics of the species richness of algae and cyanobacteria flora for 1938–2013 are shown. Species-bioindicators of water quality have been identified, and the change in their composition by ecological groups for a period of about a hundred years has been shown. Based on the species richness of algae communities, water quality indices were calculated with particular attention to changes in trophic status during the study period. The algae flora of Lake Hula and Hula Nature Reserve was found to be similar, but bioindication has revealed an increase in salinity and organic pollution in recent years.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MYCOFLORA, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF SELECTED FRESH AND STORED MEDICINAL FRUITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Sushma K. S. ◽  
Puttaswamy Rajeshwari ◽  
Koteshwar Anandrao Raveesha
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Terminalia Bellerica ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Objective: To understand the mycoflora, phytochemical constituents and antibacterial potential of fresh and stored herbal fruits of selected plants, extensively used in herbal medicines.Methods: Mycoflora analysis of Terminalia bellerica, Phyllanthus emblica and Myristica fragrans fruits was done employing serial dilution method, colony forming unit (CFU) and relative density of each fungi was recorded. The diversity of fungi associated with test fruits was calculated using various diversity indices. Methanol extracts of test fruits was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis, presence or absence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, quinones and cardiac glycosides was detected. Antibacterial potential of test fruits was studied by well diffusion method.Results: Fresh fruits were free of fungal contamination, whereas stored fruits were found in association with various fungi. A total of 64 isolates of 29 species belonging to 13 genera were identified from stored fruits. Aspergillus was predominant followed by Penicillium. T. bellerica was highly contaminated (1x105CFU/g). Stored fruits of M. fragrans recorded high fungal diversity with highest Simpson’s diversity index (D-1=0.840) and Shannon-Wiener index (H=2.888). P. emblica exhibited high species richness with high Margalef Richness (R=2.925), Menhinick index (E=1.830) and Berger Parker Dominance (d’=0.418). Phytochemical analysis of fresh and stored fruits did not show a significant difference in the presence or absence of tested phyto-constituents. Stored fruit extract recorded up to 41% increase in antibacterial activity.Conclusion: Results suggests the need of proper training to the herbal material handler’s right from the harvest to retail selling, and also points out the need to assess the fungal contamination of herbal materials before using them for herbal drug manufacture.

Benthic Macroinvertebrate and Chemical Assessment of Water Quality in Relation to the Shope Creek Trout Farm

2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Creech ◽  
Mark V. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Community ◽  
Biotic Index ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chemical Assessment

Abstract North Carolina is the second largest commercial producer of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in the United States, yet few studies have measured the effects of trout farm effluent on regional water bodies. Our objective was to assess water quality directly upstream and downstream of a low-production rainbow trout farm located on Shope Creek, a second-order stream in western North Carolina, using both biological and chemical assessment methods. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected upstream and downstream of the trout farm annually from 2009 to 2011 using Hester-Dendy samplers. Organisms were identified to family and compared using the Family Level Biotic Index. We found no significant difference between mean upstream and downstream index values, suggesting no negative impacts of trout farm effluent on the macroinvertebrate community. Water samples were collected from each site on four days over a two month period, with three subsamples taken per site, per day. There were no significant differences between mean ammonia or phosphate levels upstream or downstream of the trout farm. While biochemical oxygen demand levels were significantly higher at the downstream site, this increase did not appear to affect the macroinvertebrate community. Between 2009 and 2011 the Shope Creek trout farm produced approximately 500 kg of fish annually. This is much lower than average annual regional trout farm production rates of 34,000 kg of fish, which likely accounts for the minimal impacts observed in this study.

Assesment of Water Pollution in the Tigris River in Diyarbakır, Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Memet Varol ◽  
Bülent Gökot ◽  
Aysel Bekleyen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Tigris River

Diyarbakır is the biggest city and the largest urban settlement in the Tigris Basin in Turkey. It has been gradually developing and growing thanks to the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), and is one of the most important centers of industry, agriculture and animal husbandry in the Tigris Basin. The Tigris River is an important water source for the city, and it serves for irrigation, fishing, recreation and receiving wastewater. With the development of industry, agriculture and the growth of urban population, its pollution has become a serious problem. Pollution from domestic, industrial and agricultural activities has led to deterioration of water quality. In this context, the aim of the present study is to identify point sources of pollution and to assess the surface water quality of the Tigris River in the study area by monitoring physicochemical parameters. Diyarbakır produced a negative impact on the Tigris River water quality, particularly after the WWTP discharge. Concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased markedly downstream of Diyarbakır WWTP discharge point. During the summer, the extent of organic pollution was so serious in the stations, downstream of WWTP, that dissolved oxygen became almost absent from the river water. The metal concentrations of all water samples were mostly below or close to the maximum permitted concentration for protection of aquatic life and drinking water.

scholarly journals Water Quality of Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting System (MyRAWAS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
N U M Nizam ◽  
M M Hanafiah ◽  
M B Mokhtar ◽  
N A Jalal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Prolonged drought, population growth and water demand for various purposes have increased the water scarcity issue. To overcome this issue, a rainwater harvesting system can be utilized as an alternative for clean water supply. A rainwater harvesting system is a method of collecting rainwater from man-made surfaces such as rooftops and constructed surfaces and can be used for various sectors including household, agricultural and commercial. This study was conducted to determine the quality of rainwater harvested collected directly from rooftop. The quality of the rooftop rainwater was taken in three consecutive months and the water quality for before and after treatment was measured and compared. Commercial activated carbon was used to treat the rainwater obtained from the rooftop. The water quality was compared with the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the National Water Quality Standards (NWQS). The parameters involved are pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD),E.coli and total coliform bacteria. The results showed that the total value of WQI before and after treatment was 86.3 ± 8.963 and 87.6±2.081, respectively. Positive correlations were found for parameter NH3-N, COD and pH, while paired T-test showed a significant in the COD and the presence of bacteria. Total Coliform is still at a safe level by NWQS with the average value and the standard deviation for before and after treatment were 38.11 ± 13.960 cfu/ml and 10.33 ± 6.671 cfu/ml, respectively.

scholarly journals Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in Billings Reservoir fishing sites (SP, Brazil)

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ricardo Baroldi Ciqueto Gargiulo ◽  
Cacilda Thais Janson Mercante ◽  
Ana Lucia Brandimarte ◽  
Luciana Carvalho Bezerra de Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Benthic Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Artisanal Fishing ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Temperature Conductivity

Abastract: Aim The Billings Reservoir is the largest reservoir in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and has multiple uses, including artisanal fishing. Its surroundings present intense occupation, resulting in various environmental impacts. Although the water is degraded, affecting the composition and quality of the fish, this reservoir supports artisanal fishermen who survive through this activity. This study aimed to analyze the water quality in the main sites of artisanal fishing activity, with an emphasis on the benthic community as a bioindicator. Methods Three sampling sites were selected, in which water and zoobenthos samples were collected monthly from April 2012 to March 2013. Water analyses consisted of the determination of pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and trophic state as well as a principal components analysis. The zoobenthos analysis consisted of determining the relative abundance and total density of taxa, the Shannon-Weaver diversity index, taxa richness, uniformity, Simpson’s dominance index, and the benthic community index and conducting a canonical correspondence analysis. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test were used to investigate the existence of significant differences in the abiotic and biotic variables among the sites. Results The studied sites showed a high degree of eutrophication, with nitrogen and phosphorus totals levels above the limits defined by current Brazilian legislation. Taquacetuba (P1) showed the best environmental conditions for the development of fishing activity, with the presence of sensitive organisms (Polymitarcyidae) and higher levels of dissolved oxygen. Alvarenga (P2) had the worst water quality, with a predominance of tolerant organisms (Oligochaeta) and lower levels of dissolved oxygen. Conclusion In conclusion, the benthic community in association with abiotic metrics proved to be a useful tool as a bioindicator of environmental conditions, indicating that fishing activity at Alvarenga is not recommended due to the degradation of water quality.

Ecological assessment of water quality in the Kabul River, Pakistan, using statistical methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izaz Khuram ◽  
Sophia Barinova ◽  
Nadeem Ahmad ◽  
Asad Ullah ◽  
Siraj Ud Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Algal Diversity ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Kabul River

AbstractWe identified 209 species of algae and cyanobacteria at 4 sites in the Kabul River. Green algae, diatoms, and charophytes dominated in the river, which reflects regional features of agricultural activity. Species richness and algal abundance increased down the river. The Water Quality Index characterizes the quality of water down the river as medium to bad. The index of saprobity S reflects Class III water quality. The Water Ecosystem Sustainability Index (WESI) shows contamination with nutrients. According to the River Pollution Index (RPI), waters in the river have low alkalinity and low salinity, and are contaminated with nutrients. Pearson coefficients showed that water temperature plays a major role in the total species richness distribution (0.93*) and in the green algae distribution (0.89*), while cyanobacteria were stimulated also by water salinity (0.91*). Stepwise regression analysis indicated water temperature as the major regional factor that determines riverine algal diversity. Surface plots and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that salinity, nitrates, temperature, and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) can be defined as major factors affecting algal diversity. Dendrites mark the upper site of the Warsak Dam as the source of the community species diversity. Bioindication methods can give relevant and stable results of water quality and self-purification assessment that can be employed to monitor the regional water quality.

Estimation of Chemical Oxygen Demand by Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Profiling and Physical Parameters Using IPW-PLS Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 606-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Chen Li ◽  
Ping Jie Huang ◽  
Di Bo Hou ◽  
Guang Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
Full Spectrum

In recent years, water pollution is increasing, especially organic pollution. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) is one of the most important evaluation index. Compared with the traditional chemical analysis method of COD, the method of spectrum analysis of organic pollutant concentration in water quality detection is fast, no chemical reagent and simple operation etc, and it is a kind of green testing technology. The current spectrum method of water quality analysis is usually based on single wavelength or the feature band extracted. It is lack of methods with the full spectrum scan. Based on water quality research,we choose the spectral analysis of COD as the objective. Combining the ultraviolet absorption spectrum with the conventional five physical parameters as the absorbance in the last wave band, we use the iterative predictor partial least squares algorithm to realize the rapid detection of water quality COD.

Multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of surface water quality of Fuji River Basin, Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shrestha ◽  
F. Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Discharge Temperature

Different multivariate statistical techniques were used to evaluate temporal and spatial variations of surface water-quality of Fuji river basin using data sets of 8 years monitoring at 13 different sites. The hierarchical cluster analysis grouped thirteen sampling sites into three clusters i.e. relatively less polluted (LP), medium polluted (MP) and highly polluted (HP) sites based on the similarity of water quality characteristics. The principal component analysis/factor analysis indicated that the parameters responsible for water quality variations are mainly related to discharge and temperature (natural), organic pollution (point sources) in LP areas; organic pollution (point sources) and nutrients (non point sources) in MP areas; and organic pollution and nutrients (point sources) in HP areas. The discriminant analysis showed that six water quality parameters (discharge, temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity and nitrate nitrogen) account for most of the expected temporal variations whereas seven water quality parameters (discharge, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen and ammonical nitrogen) account for most of the expected spatial variations in surface water quality of Fuji river basin.

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