scholarly journals Composition and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytes in Different Areas in Obafemi Awolowo, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
Fatai Adekanye OLOYEDE ◽  
Anthony I. ODIWE ◽  
Ayodeji S. OLUJIYAN
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Breast Height

Composition and distribution of vascular epiphytes were studied in three different areas at Obafemi Awolowo University estate, Nigeria. Each plot, in the selected area, was used for identification of host and epiphytes. Trees were carefully examined. Presence, positions on the host plants and life-forms of all the epiphytes were recorded. Diameter at breast height of the hosts, bark characteristics and height were determined. The climatic data of the areas were measured to determine the relationship between them and epiphytes distributions. Result showed 41 epiphytes belonging to 14 genera and 11 families were identified. Open area had the highest number of epiphytes (22) followed by forest patches (14) then secondary forest (five). The epiphytes were not host specific except epiphytic ferns and Ficus vogelii. Diameter at breast height has effect on the epiphytes distribution and composition. The distribution of epiphytes and environmental factors were lowest in the secondary forest. Moraceae was the most dominant host family (44.8%) while Nephrolepis undulata and Nephrolepis biserrata were the most common species of epiphytes. Most epiphytes preferred sub-canopy level, few occurred in the canopy level but none at emergent level. Climatic factors, diameter at breast height and bark characteristics of the host plants are useful in determining compositions and distributions of these epiphytes.

scholarly journals Nectar-living yeasts of a tropical host plant community: diversity and effects on community-wide floral nectar traits

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azucena Canto ◽  
Carlos M. Herrera ◽  
Rosalina Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Key Factor

We characterize the diversity of nectar-living yeasts of a tropical host plant community at different hierarchical sampling levels, measure the associations between yeasts and nectariferous plants, and measure the effect of yeasts on nectar traits. Using a series of hierarchically nested sampling units, we extracted nectar from an assemblage of host plants that were representative of the diversity of life forms, flower shapes, and pollinator types in the tropical area of Yucatan, Mexico. Yeasts were isolated from single nectar samples; their DNA was identified, the yeast cell density was estimated, and the sugar composition and concentration of nectar were quantified using HPLC. In contrast to previous studies from temperate regions, the diversity of nectar-living yeasts in the plant community was characterized by a relatively high number of equally common species with low dominance. Analyses predict highly diverse nectar yeast communities in a relatively narrow range of tropical vegetation, suggesting that the diversity of yeasts will increase as the number of sampling units increases at the level of the species, genera, and botanical families of the hosts. Significant associations between specific yeast species and host plants were also detected; the interaction between yeasts and host plants impacted the effect of yeast cell density on nectar sugars. This study provides an overall picture of the diversity of nectar-living yeasts in tropical host plants and suggests that the key factor that affects the community-wide patterns of nectar traits is not nectar chemistry, but rather the type of yeasts interacting with host plants.

scholarly journals A checklist of vascular epiphytes of El Cometa Lagoon, Pantanos de Centla Biosphere Reserve, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 12589-12597
Author(s):  
Derio Antonio Jiménez-López ◽  
Candelario Peralta-Carreta ◽  
Jonathan V. Solórzano ◽  
Gerardo Luis Cervantes-Jiménez ◽  
Marco Antonio Domínguez-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Species List ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Epiphyte Species

This study presents an updated checklist of vascular epiphytes found in the highly-conserved mangrove forest surrounding El Cometa Lagoon inside Pantanos de Centla Biosphere Reserve, Mexico.  In order to perform this task, 25 sampling units were established at the study site and were visited at two stages, once in 2014 and next in 2016.  Inside each sampling unit, all the epiphyte species found on host trees with a diameter at breast height 10cm were recorded.  The complete epiphyte species list included 25 species belonging to 18 different genera. The richest family was Orchidaceae with nine species and the richest genus was Tillandsia with seven species.  Additionally, the total epiphyte richness found in this study was among the highest reported for mangrove forests in Mexico.  Epiphyte studies in mangrove forests are uncommon; therefore, this list is the first step to identify vascular epiphytes in the region and contribute to its proper conservation.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Wood Yield Selection Index in a Clonal Trial of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
David Kombi Kaviriri ◽  
Huan-Zhen Liu ◽  
Xi-Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Clonal Trial

In order to determine suitable traits for selecting high-wood-yield Korean pine materials, eleven morphological characteristics (tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, stem straightness degree, crown breadth, crown height, branch angle, branch number per node, bark thickness, and stem volume) were investigated in a 38-year-old Korean pine clonal trial at Naozhi orchard. A statistical approach combining variance and regression analysis was used to extract appropriate traits for selecting elite clones. Results of variance analysis showed significant difference in variance sources in most of the traits, except for the stem straightness degree, which had a p-value of 0.94. Moderate to high coefficients of variation and clonal repeatability ranged from 10.73% to 35.45% and from 0.06% to 0.78%, respectively. Strong significant correlations on the phenotypic and genotypic levels were observed between the straightness traits and tree volume, but crown breadth was weakly correlated to the volume. Four principal components retaining up to 80% of the total variation were extracted, and stem volume, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, tree height, and crown height displayed high correlation to these components (r ranged from 0.76 to 0.98). Based on the Type III sum of squares, tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch number showed significant information to explain the clonal variability based on stem volume. Using the extracted characteristics as the selection index, six clones (PK105, PK59, PK104, PK36, PK28, and K101) displayed the highest Qi values, with a selection rate of 5% corresponding to the genetic gain of 42.96% in stem volume. This study provides beneficial information for the selection of multiple traits for genetically improved genotypes of Korean pine.

scholarly journals Assessing the Sensitivity of Main Crop Yields to Climate Change Impacts in China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Jieming Chou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Mingyang Sun ◽  
Weixing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The Impact

Quantitatively assessing the spatial divergence of the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change is of great significance for reducing the climate change risk to food production. We use socio-economic and climatic data from 1981 to 2015 to examine how climate variability led to variation in yield, as simulated by an economy–climate model (C-D-C). The sensitivity of crop yield to the impact of climate change refers to the change in yield caused by changing climatic factors under the condition of constant non-climatic factors. An ‘output elasticity of comprehensive climate factor (CCF)’ approach determines the sensitivity, using the yields per hectare for grain, rice, wheat and maize in China’s main grain-producing areas as a case study. The results show that the CCF has a negative trend at a rate of −0.84/(10a) in the North region, while a positive trend of 0.79/(10a) is observed for the South region. Climate change promotes the ensemble increase in yields, and the contribution of agricultural labor force and total mechanical power to yields are greater, indicating that the yield in major grain-producing areas mainly depends on labor resources and the level of mechanization. However, the sensitivities to climate change of different crop yields to climate change present obvious regional differences: the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for maize in the North region was stronger than that in the South region. Therefore, the increase in the yield per hectare for maize in the North region due to the positive impacts of climate change was greater than that in the South region. In contrast, the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for rice in the South region was stronger than that in the North region. Furthermore, the sensitivity to climate change of maize per hectare yield was stronger than that of rice and wheat in the North region, and that of rice was the highest of the three crop yields in the South region. Finally, the economy–climate sensitivity zones of different crops were determined by the output elasticity of the CCF to help adapt to climate change and prevent food production risks.

scholarly journals Climate Influence in Dendrochronological Series of Araucaria angustifolia from Campos do Jordão, Brazil

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Daniela Oliveira da da Silva ◽  
Alan Prestes ◽  
Virginia Klausner ◽  
Táyla Gabrielle Gonçalves de de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Full Period ◽  
Wavelet Techniques ◽  
Climatic Time Series ◽  
Dendroclimatic Analysis

A dendrochronological series of Araucaria angustifolia was analyzed for a better understanding of the climatic factors that operate in Campos do Jordão city, São Paulo state, Brazil. The dendroclimatic analysis was carried out using 45 samples from 16 Araucaria angustifolia trees to reconstruct the precipitation and the temperature over the 1803–2012 yearly interval. To this end, Pearson’s correlation was calculated between mean chronology and the climatic time series using a monthly temporal resolution to calibrate our models. We obtained correlations as high as r=0.22(α=0.1) for precipitation (February), and r=0.21(α=0.1) for temperature (March), both corresponding to the end of the summer season. Our results show evidence of temporal instabilities because the correlations for the halves of 1963–2012 were very different, as well as for the full period. To overcome this problem, the dendrochronological series and the climatic data were investigated using the wavelet techniques searching for time-dependent cause–effect relationships. From these analyses, we find a strong influence of the region’s precipitation and temperature on the growth of tree ring widths.

scholarly journals Seemingly Unrelated Mixed-Effects Biomass Models for Black Locust in West Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Karol Bronisz ◽  
Szymon Bijak ◽  
Rafał Wojtan ◽  
Robert Tomusiak ◽  
Agnieszka Bronisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Cross Model ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Independent Variable

Information about tree biomass is important not only in the assessment of wood resources but also in the process of preparing forest management plans, as well as for estimating carbon stocks and their flow in forest ecosystems. The study aimed to develop empirical models for determining the dry mass of the aboveground parts of black locust trees and their components (stem, branches, and leaves). The research was carried out based on data collected in 13 stands (a total of 38 sample trees) of black locust located in western Poland. The model system was developed based on multivariate mixed-effect models using two approaches. In the first approach, biomass components and tree height were defined as dependent variables, while diameter at breast height was used as an independent variable. In the second approach, biomass components and diameter at breast height were dependent variables and tree height was defined as the independent variable. Both approaches enable the fixed-effect and cross-model random-effect prediction of aboveground dry biomass components of black locust. Cross-model random-effect prediction was obtained using additional measurements of two extreme trees, defined as trees characterized by the smallest and largest diameter at breast height in sample plot. This type of prediction is more precise (root mean square error for stem dry biomass for both approaches equals 77.603 and 188.139, respectively) than that of fixed-effects prediction (root mean square error for stem dry biomass for both approaches equals 238.716 and 206.933, respectively). The use of height as an independent variable increases the possibility of the practical application of the proposed solutions using remote data sources.

Calotropis procera (apple of sodom).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Desert Grassland ◽  
Evergreen Shrub ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Shifting Sand ◽  
Pale Green

Abstract C. procera is a fleshy evergreen shrub about 1.8-5.5 m tall, with a diameter at breast height of 15-20 cm (von Maydell, 1986). The flowers are pale green to white, with purple tips. A fibre obtained from the bark is used to make lines, bow-strings and twine; it can also be spun with cotton, or used to stuff mattresses and pillows. The fibre is strengthened by soaking in water for 1-2 days, but extensive soaking may reduce durability. The wood is of small dimensions and is too light for most uses. C. procera produces a distinctive white latex, which contains cardiotoxins and hydrocarbons with many medicinal and pesticidal properties. C. procera has been widely planted for fibre production and has become naturalized on the American and Australian continents. It is often abundant on degraded areas and is an indicator of overgrazing. C. procera is a widespread pioneer in semi-desert grassland and bushland (e.g. in Africa), and it also colonizes shifting sand-dunes such as in Rajasthan, India. However, due to its properties as a pioneer, there is a risk that this species may become a weed. More research is needed on C. procera to maximize production and marketing of its many potential products.

Yield and diametric structure of Dimorphandra mollis Benth

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Paulino Costa ◽  
Messulan Rodrigues Meira ◽  
Silma Leite Rocha ◽  
Thaíse Ohana Moura Fernandes ◽  
Ernane Ronie Martins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Environmental Importance

ABSTRACT Dimorphandra mollis is native to the Brazilian Savanna and has social, economic and environmental importance. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and diametric distribution of Dimorphandra mollis Benth. in the Pandeiros River Environmental Protection Area, in Bonito de Minas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Five areas were assessed, totaling five hectares (50 plots of 1,000 m2). The total number of plants, yield per plant (2018, 2019 and 2020) and diameter at breast height were recorded, considering all trees from the plots in diametric classes. The average diameter at breast height of all plants was 6.05 ± 3.07 cm, and that of the plants that produced in at least one of the evaluated years was 7.46 ± 3.15 cm. The diametric distribution showed classes with no individuals, indicating imbalance, as well as a trend to inverted “J” shape. The maximum annual yield was 8.08 kg ha-1 of dry fruits (2019), the minimum 0.42 kg ha-1 (2018), and the average 2.74 kg ha-1, with biennial characteristic.

scholarly journals PRESERVATION OF PRIMARY FOREST CHARACTERISTICS DESPITE FRAGMENTATION AND ISOLATION IN A FOREST REMNANT FROM VIÇOSA, MG, BRAZIL1

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Gastauer ◽  
Marcos Eduardo Guerra Sobral ◽  
João Augusto Alves Meira-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Primary Forests ◽  
Biotic Resources

According to its owners, the Forest of Seu Nico (FSN) from the Viçosa municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil, never has been logged and is therefore considered a primary forest. Nevertheless, the forest patch suffered impacts due to selective wood and non-timber extraction, fragmentation and isolation. Aim of this study was to test if the FSN, despite impacts, preserved characteristics of primary forests, which are elevated percentages of non-pioneer (>90%), animal-dispersed (>80 %), understory (>50%) and endemic species (~40%). For that, all trees with diameter at breast height equal or major than 3.2 cm within a plot of 100 x 100 m were identified. With 218 tree species found within this hectare, the FSN's species richness is outstanding for the region. The percentages of non-pioneer (92 %), animal-dispersed (85 %), understory (55 %) and endemic species (39.2 %) from the FSN fulfill the criteria proposed for primary forest. Therefore, we conclude that the FSN maintained its characteristics as a primary forest which highlights its importance for the conservation of biotic resources in the region, where similar fragments are lacking or not described yet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document