scholarly journals In vitro Pollen Grain Germination and Tube Growth of Ten Iranian Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Hossein ROUHAKHSH ◽  
Gholamhossein DAVARYNEJAD ◽  
Majid RAHEMI ◽  
Bahram ABEDI
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Factorial Trial ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Coefficient Of Velocity ◽  
Germination Of Pollen ◽  
Mean Time

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) is a species particularly prone to erratic fruit set. Several causes such as pollen germination and tube growth involve in this behaviour. Thus, the present research aimed to evaluate and compare of pollen grains germination and tube growth of ten Iranian jujube cultivars on in vitro condition. A factorial trial based on completely randomized design with five replications was carried out. The pollen grains were collected from un-opened-flowers of Al-Ghour’, ‘Bardaskan’, ‘Doroh’, ‘Gazik’, ‘Ghom’, ‘Giouk’, ‘Kangan’, ‘Kalkestan’, ‘Magham Sari’ and ‘Noghab’ cultivars at balloon stage. This study showed that there were significant differences among the cultivars in all measured factors. The highest percentage of pollen grains germination was observed for ‘Gazik’, followed by ‘Bardaskan’, while the lowest was in ‘Al-Ghour’. The percentage of pollen grains germination increased with the increasing time of incubation period up to 36 h. Also, flowering times are found to be effective in germination of pollen grains, which 1 flash had highest percentage of germination of pollen grains than in comparison to other flowering times. The results also showed that the mean time germination varied from 24.52-25.92 h, mean hourly germination from 0.67-1.55, hourly germination speed from 0.64-1.48 and coefficient of velocity of germination of pollen grains from 0.058-0.061. The length of pollen tube was found between 44.4 and 624.8 µm. These data demonstrated that cultivar is the main factor determining pollen grains germination and tube growth in jujube, which this important information can be useful for selection of superior desirable jujube genotypes for bringing to commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Determination of cardinal temperatures for sugar apple ( Annona squamosa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Rafael Alves Rodrigues ◽  
Rayane Carneiro dos Santos ◽  
Silvia Nietsche ◽  
Maria Olívia Mercadante-Simões ◽  
Isabella Renata Gomes da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures ◽  
Germination Of Pollen

ABSTRACT The sugar apple is highly dependent on the pollination and fruit tree pollen performance is crucial for successful fertilization and fruit set. The objective of this study was to determine the cardinal temperatures for in vitro pollen grains germination and evaluate the effect of temperature on pollen tube growth of sugar apple. The experimental design was in a completely randomized with eight treatments (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 ºC), four replicates and each plot was constituted by two slides per parcel. The cardinal temperatures were determined by evaluating in vitro germination of pollen grains and pollen tube growth in standard culture medium. It also assessed the pollen tube growth and the percentage of germination in vitro depending on the type of pollen grain arrangement (monad, dyad, triad and tetrad). In vitro germination of pollen grains and pollen tube growth varied significantly with temperature. The maximum germination recorded (48.13%) and the maximum lengths of pollen tubes (536.45 μm) were obtained when pollen grains were cultivated at 25 ºC. The estimated cardinal temperatures were 9.7, 26.9 and 44.2 ºC. Among the pollen grain arrangements, tetrads pollen grains were observed in higher proportions, however, monads pollen grains presented higher germination percentage.

scholarly journals Impact of Manganese on Pollen Germination and Tube Growth in Lily

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sawidis ◽  
Gülriz Baycu ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Aneta Sulborska
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract In vitro culture of Lilium longiflorum pollen grains was carried out to determine the role of manganese in pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Pollen germination was adversely affected by the presence of manganese (>10 −8 M), whereas low concentrations (10 −12 –10 −10 M) stimulated the process. Manganese caused morphological anomalies during tube growth, characterized by irregular pollen tube thickening and swollen tips. The main effect was the anomalous cell wall formation at the tip, in which the presence of several organelles reduced the number of secretory vesicles. A loose network of fibrillar material and spherical aggregates, mostly in the tip region, was detected, and this material was progressively loosened into the surrounding medium. As a response to potential toxicity, the excess manganese was isolated in vacuoles, which formed an internal barrier against penetration of manganese to the tip area. Elevated manganese concentrations might affect plant reproduction, resulting in anomalies in gamete development. Consequently, the loss in genetic diversity and decreased fruit set ultimately lower yield.

scholarly journals In vitro Pollen Grain Germination and Tube Growth of Ten Iranian Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein ROUHAKHSH ◽  
Gholamhossein DAVARYNEJAD ◽  
Majid RAHEMI ◽  
Bahram ABEDI
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Grain Germination ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba

scholarly journals Pollen grain germination and fruit set in 'Brazilian seedless' sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellenn Thallyta Alves Mendes ◽  
Márcia Regina Costa ◽  
Silvia Nietsche ◽  
João Alison Alves Oliveira ◽  
Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pollen Grain Germination ◽  
Artificial Pollination ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Formation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate fruit set and pollen grain germination of 'Brazilian seedless' sugar apple. Two experiments were performed: 1) one in a completely randomized design with three treatments (natural and artificial pollination and self-fertilization), with three replications of 10 flowers per plot, 2) and the other in a completely randomized design with three treatments: pollen grains of a seeded wild-type, 'Brazilian seedless' and atemoya (hybrid of sugar apple and cherimoya) 'Gefner', with five replications. A fruit set of 100% was achieved by artificial pollination. No fruit formation was observed after self-fertilization. The percentage of pollen grain germination in vitro was highest for 'Brazilian seedless' (52.5%) and lowest for cultivar Gefner (5.9%). Preliminary results indicated that pollen grains of 'Brazilian seedless' are viable and that natural or artificial pollination is essential for fruit set.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Analysis of Pollen Grains with Different Germination Abilities from Two Clones of Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb) Hook)

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seif Aldin Dawina Abdallah Fragallah ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
Nuo Li ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Sizu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Germinating Pollen

Pollen grains produce certain metabolites, which can improve or inhibit germination and tube growth. Metabolomic analysis of germinating and growing Chinese fir pollen has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse metabolites changes, content and expression in the germinating pollen of Chinese fir. To understand the metabolic differences, two clones from Chinese fir were selected. Metabolomics analyses were performed on three stages (1-, 24- and 48-h) during in vitro pollen germination. The metabolites profiles at different time points were analyzed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that 171 peaks were screened; the corresponding differential metabolites of 121 peaks were classified into nine types of substances. The expression of metabolites showed significant differences across and between clones, and the variation was evident at all germination stages. The expression was obvious at the early stage of germination, which differed clearly from that of the late stage after pollen tube growth. Moreover, the metabolites were mainly enriched in 14 metabolic pathways. Pollen germination and tube growth and metabolites expressions changed per incubation time. Since this work is preliminary, we suggest further investigations to understand the relationship between the differential metabolites and pollen development, and factors affecting pollen germination process.

In vitro germination and pollen tube growth of maize (Zea mays) pollen. II. Pollen source, calcium, and boron interactions

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Pfahler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

Pollen grains from six single cross hybrids (Wf9 × H55, Wf9 × H50, H49 × H55, H49 × H50, Ky49 × Ky27, and K64 × K55) of Zea mays L. were cultured on an artificial medium containing 15% sucrose and 0.6% bacto-agar supplemented with all possible combinations of two levels (0.00 and 0.03%) of calcium nitrate (Ca) and two levels (0.00 and 0.01%) of boric acid (B). The effect of Ca and B on germination percentage was found to be dependent on the genetic source of the pollen. At the 0.00% levels of Ca and B, the germination percentage of the hybrids ranged from 26.6% for Ky49 × Ky27 to 58.1% for K64 × K55. With either Ky49 × Ky27 or K64 × K55 pollen, the addition of Ca and B to the medium resulted in a lower germination percentage whereas the addition of Ca and B increased the germination percentage of the other hybrids. The addition of B in the absence of Ca sharply reduced the germination percentage in all hybrids while in the presence of Ca, the effect of B varied with the hybrid involved. For pollen tube length, highly significant interactions between hybrids and levels of Ca and B were found. However, maximum pollen tube lengths were obtained for all hybrids with both Ca and B in the medium. The addition of B in the absence of Ca reduced the pollen tube length of all hybrids whereas the addition of B in the presence of Ca increased pollen tube length. In general, the addition of both Ca and B increased the rate of pollen tube growth especially in the period 2 to 3 hours after inoculation.

pH modulates interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with pollen plasma membrane H+ ATPases independently from phosphorylation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Pertl-Obermeyer ◽  
Ana Gimeno ◽  
Verena Kuchler ◽  
Evrim Servili ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Threonine Residue

Abstract Pollen grains transport the sperm cells through the style tissue via a fast-growing pollen tube to the ovaries where fertilization takes place. Pollen tube growth requires a precisely regulated network of cellular as well as molecular events including the activity of the plasma membrane H+ ATPase, which is known to be regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation and subsequent binding of 14-3-3 isoforms. Immunodetection of the phosphorylated penultimate threonine residue of the pollen plasma membrane H+ ATPase (LilHA1) of Lilium longiflorum pollen revealed a sudden increase in phosphorylation with the start of pollen tube growth. In addition to phosphorylation, pH modulated the binding of 14-3-3 isoforms to the regulatory domain of the H+ ATPase, whereas metabolic components had only small effects on 14-3-3 binding, as tested with in vitro assays using recombinant 14-3-3 isoforms and phosphomimicking substitutions of the threonine residue. Consequently, local H+ influxes and effluxes as well as pH gradients in the pollen tube tip are generated by localized regulation of the H+ ATPase activity rather than by heterogeneous localized distribution in the plasma membrane.

scholarly journals Reduced Container Volume Increases Tomato Pollen Fertility at Low Ambient Temperatures

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Domínguez ◽  
Jesús Cuartero ◽  
Rafael Fernández-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Cold Sensitive

Using soil bed cultivations as controls and under two temperature regimes (maximum/minimum ≈20/4 °C and 25/10 °C), effects of container volume (16-, 10-, and 3-L pots) on in vitro germination, in vivo tube growth, acetocarmine staining, and quantity of pollen of tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Moneymaker', L. pennellii (Corr.) D'Arcy accession PE-45, and of the corresponding F1 hybrid] were studied. Under the 20/4 °C regime, in comparison with soil-bed cultivated control plants, the cold sensitive cultivar, Moneymaker, grown in the two smaller pots showed significant increases of in vitro pollen germination, acetocarmine staining, and number of pollen grains produced per flower. Similar results were observed with the F1 except for the number of pollen grains which were not significantly different. Pollen of accession PE-45 was unaffected by cold and no container effect was detected. Results of in vivo pollen tube growth in `Moneymaker' at the 20/4 °C regime showed that fruit set was only possible in 3-L pots. Reduction of the negative effects of cold on pollen from plants grown in the 3-L pots may be explained in part by the daytime rise of root-zone temperatures that did not occur in the 10- or 16-L pots or in the soil bed. Therefore, fruit production of tomato plants grown under low temperatures in small pots may not be a valid predictor of commercial winter fruit production of plants cultivated in soil beds.

Microsporogenesis, pollen mitosis and pollen tube growth in Gagea villosa (Liliaceae)

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuran Ekici
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Pollen Mitosis

AbstractIn this study, Gagea villosa (Bieb.) Duby was investigated by using light microscopy methods in cytological and cytoembryological respects. Anthers were tetrasporangiate. Anther wall was formed with an epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. Tapetum was glandular type and it began to degenerate when microspores released from tetrads. Tapetum cells generally have one or two nuclei. Mitosis seen in tapetum cells was generally normal but micronuclei were found in some of them. Fibrous thickenings were determined in endothecium. Microsporogenesis and pollen mitosis were generally regular. Cytokinesis was successive type. Meiosis in pollen mother cells was asynchronous in one anther locus. Mature pollen grains were 2-celled. Pollen sterility was found to be 24%. Some of the fertile pollen grains, smaller than the normal were seen at the end of the pollen mitosis. Microgametophyte development was examined in vivo and in vitro. Germination ratio of pollen grains in vitro was 4%. Generally swollen pollen tube tips and weak development of some curled pollen tubes were seen. Callose plug formation was seen only in vivo pollen tube growth.

scholarly journals In vitro germination of pollen grains of three native species from Pampa biome with ornamental potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3217
Author(s):  
Marília Tedesco ◽  
Luciano da Silva Alves ◽  
Eduarda Demari Avrella ◽  
Carine Simioni ◽  
Gilmar Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
The One ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Germination Of Pollen

The aim of this work was to verify the in vitro germination of pollen grains of Angelonia integerrima L., Campomanesia aurea O. Berg and Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth in different culture medium and temperatures. For this purpose, flower buds from which pollen was collected and sprayed on plates containing the three evaluated culture medium: M1 - agar and sucrose; M2 - agar, sucrose and H3BO3; M3 - agar, sucrose, H3BO3, Ca(NO3), MgSO4 and KNO3; and two incubation temperatures (20 °C and 30 °C). Data was subjected to analysis of variance after its transformation to square root and means were compared by Fisher’s test (LSD). For the three species, the temperature of 30 ºC provided the highest percentage of pollen grain germination. For A. integerrima, M1 and M3 promoted the highest germination percentages (40.7 % and 56.5 %, respectively). On the other hand, for C. aurea, M2 provided the highest germination average (43.7 %). At last for S. punicea, M3 was the one that provided the highest average (31.62 %). It was concluded that the evaluated species differ in micronutrient requirements for in vitro germination of pollen grains. The temperature of 30 °C was suitable for all three species.

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