scholarly journals Morpho-phenological and Antibacterial Characteristics of Aconitum spp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoirentomba Meetei SINAM ◽  
Sanjeev KUMAR ◽  
Sachin HAJARE ◽  
Satyendra GAUTAM ◽  
Guruaribam SHANTIBALA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Parent Tuber ◽  
Daughter Tuber ◽  
Alkaloid Extracts

Aconitum species have been traditionally used as ethnomedicine to cure various ailments. The present study reveals the morpho-phenology and antibacterial property of alkaloid extracts of the two Aconitum species. The morpho-phenological characteristics will be helpful for determining the resource availability. Aconitum nagarum is erect type, whereas, Aconitum elwesii is a climber. Aconitum elwesii grows in advance of A. nagarum in terms of growth, flowering and senescence. Towards the end of the year, when the fruits have ripened, the parent tuber dies off. As a result, the daughter tuber becomes independent and in the following spring, takes over the function of the parent tuber. Aconitum nagarum and A. elwesii were found to contain 4-5 aconitine equivalent (AE) mg/g of alkaloid. These alkaloids showed antibacterial activity against different bacterial species including human pathogens, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Xanthomonas campestris. However, the extent of antibacterial activity varied among different bacterial species. The antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. bronchiseptica, and B. subtilis was bactericidal in nature, whereas, against other tested bacterial species was bacteriostatic. Efficacy of the antibacterial activity of these alkaloids was evaluated by comparing with that of standard antibiotics. Differential localization of the antibacterial principle was observed among the Aconitum species studied.

scholarly journals Controlled phage therapy by photothermal ablation of specific bacterial species using gold nanorods targeted by chimeric phages

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 1951-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Peng ◽  
Raymond E. Borg ◽  
Liam P. Dow ◽  
Beth L. Pruitt ◽  
Irene A. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Photothermal Ablation ◽  
Multiple Challenges

The use of bacteriophages (phages) for antibacterial therapy is under increasing consideration to treat antimicrobial-resistant infections. Phages have evolved multiple mechanisms to target their bacterial hosts, such as high-affinity, environmentally hardy receptor-binding proteins. However, traditional phage therapy suffers from multiple challenges stemming from the use of an exponentially replicating, evolving entity whose biology is not fully characterized (e.g., potential gene transduction). To address this problem, we conjugate the phages to gold nanorods, creating a reagent that can be destroyed upon use (termed “phanorods”). Chimeric phages were engineered to attach specifically to several Gram-negative organisms, including the human pathogens Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio cholerae, and the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. The bioconjugated phanorods could selectively target and kill specific bacterial cells using photothermal ablation. Following excitation by near-infrared light, gold nanorods release energy through nonradiative decay pathways, locally generating heat that efficiently kills targeted bacterial cells. Specificity was highlighted in the context of a P. aeruginosa biofilm, in which phanorod irradiation killed bacterial cells while causing minimal damage to epithelial cells. Local temperature and viscosity measurements revealed highly localized and selective ablation of the bacteria. Irradiation of the phanorods also destroyed the phages, preventing replication and reducing potential risks of traditional phage therapy while enabling control over dosing. The phanorod strategy integrates the highly evolved targeting strategies of phages with the photothermal properties of gold nanorods, creating a well-controlled platform for systematic killing of bacterial cells.

scholarly journals Biological Activities of Some Nepalese Medicinal Plants Used in Treating Bacterial Infections in Human Beings

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shandesh Bhattarai ◽  
Ram P Chaudhary ◽  
Robin SL Taylor ◽  
Suresh K Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rauvolfia Serpentina

In continuation of Nepalese medicinal plant screening research, we have examined the antibacterial property of 40 methanol crude extracts in vitro using disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Overall, 95 % of the extracts showed antibacterial activity against at least one Gram-negative bacteria and 90 % of the extracts against at least one Gram-positive bacteria examined. Twenty-one extracts including Artemisia caruifolia, Dicranostigma lactucoides, Rauvolfia serpentina, and other plants showed antibacterial activity with all the tested bacterial species. The laboratory results are promising because several plants showed broad-spectrum antibacterial property. It is hoped that this scientific research will aware the related partners in Nepal to search for safe, efficacious, cheap alternative antibacterials of plant origin and may create an opportunity for biological conservation of the medicinal plants and cultural diversity conservation.Key words: Antibacterial activity; In vitro; Ethnomedicinal plantsDOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2830Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 83-90

scholarly journals Screening of in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Rumex vesicarius (L.) Leaves Extract against Twelve Pathogenic Bacterial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Arnaba Saha Chaity ◽  
Md. Ashikul Islam ◽  
Tamanna Nasrin ◽  
Sathi Rani Sarker ◽  
Amit Kumar Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

There is an alternative approaches from eradication of infections causes by pathogenic bacteria especially resistant bacteria. Methanol extract of Rumex vesicarius leaves were evaluated from in vitro antibacterial activity against twelve bacterial species were used which are four of them gram positive which are Streptococcus constellatus, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus sciuri and Streptococcus iniae and eight of them gram negative which are Aeromonas diversa, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas axonopodies, Siccibacter colletis, Edwardsielloa anguillarum, Aeromonas cavernicala, Enterobacter xiangfangenis and Vibro rotiferianus. The plant extract showed highest 12 mm zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus constellatus at the concentration of 20 μg/disc and no zone of inhibition was found from Aeromonas diversa. In minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, methanol extract of Rumex vesicarious in 200μg/ml concentration showed best result against Vibrio rotiferianus. It can be concluded that methanol extracts of Rumex vesicarious leaves may be used as natural antibacterial from treatment of some diseases, especially local skin diseases.

A Study on Antibacterial sensitivity character to Piper betle: A Potential for alternative medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 4920-4924
Author(s):  
Shalsh F J ◽  
Altaif K I ◽  
Zharif DM ◽  
Hailat IA ◽  
Alqaisi KM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Freeze Dried

In this study we examined P. betle antibacterial property on two bacterial species namely: Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli. The extract of P. betle was prepared by mixing 2 gm of P. betle powder with 20 ml of 70% ethanol. Then, the solvent was evaporated by using vacuum evaporator and the residue was freeze dried and stored at -20 ºC. The P. betle extract divided into three different concentrations that are 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. The results revealed that the leaves of Piper betle have many benefits including antibacterial activity. The three concentrations showed an effective zone of inhibition against S. agalactiae and E. coli using Kirby-Baeur method. In addition, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) confirms the effectiveness of P. betle. This study findings indicated that P. betle extract can be a new source of antibacterial agent and an alternative antibacterial for control of S. agalactiae and to certain extant against E. coli infections.

Acalypha Indica mediated MgO NPs: A novel approach in greener route with its antibacterial activity against pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavipriya K C ◽  
Sudha A P ◽  
Sujatha K ◽  
Sowmya Lakshmi K
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Magnesium Nitrate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Average Crystalline Size ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Acalypha Indica

The interest in miniaturization of particles revealed the hidden applications of metal oxides. The potential applications of the particles may vary when the size of the particle is reduced. One of the alternative routes to the conventional approach is the use of plant extract for the synthesis of metal oxides NPs. In the framework of this study, the ecofriendly MgO nanoparticles were synthesized using Acalypha Indica leaf extract,functioning as reducing and capping agent by co-precipitation method. The predecessor taken here was Magnesium Nitrate. The biologically synthesized MgO NPs were characterized by various techniques like X ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) profile and its antibacterial activity is evaluated against causative organisms. XRD studies confirmed the face centered cubic crystalline structure of MgO NPs and the average crystalline size of MgO NPs calculated using Scherer’s formula was found to be 13 nm. FTIR spectrum shows a significant Mg-O vibrational band. Purity, surface morphology and chemical composition of elements were confirmed by SEM with EDX. The SEM result shows the fine spherical morphology with the grain size range between 43nm to 62nm. Antimicrobial assay of MgO NPs was examined against gram positive and negative bacteria. Appreciated activity was observed on the Staphylococcus aureus bacterial species. In general, the renewed attempt of this facile approach gave the optimum results of multifunctional MgO NPs.

Investigation on the antibacterial activity of electronic cigarette liquids (ECLs): a proof of concept study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Fuochi ◽  
Massimo Caruso ◽  
Rosalia Emma ◽  
Aldo Stivala ◽  
Riccardo Polosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: The key ingredients of e-cigarettes liquid are commonly propane-1,2-diol (also called propylene glycol) and propane-1,2,3-triol (vegetal glycerol) and their antimicrobial effects are already established. The nicotine and flavors which are often present in e-liquids can interfere with the growth of some microorganisms. Objective: The effect of the combining these elements in e-liquids is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible effects of these liquids on bacterial growth in the presence or absence of nicotine and flavors. Methods: Susceptibilities of pathogenic strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Sarcina lutea) were studied by means of a multidisciplinary approach. Cell viability and antioxidant assays were also evaluated. Results: All e-liquids investigated showed antibacterial activity against at least one pathogenic strain. A higher activity was correlated to the presence of flavors and nicotine. Discussion: In most cases the value of minimal bactericidal concentration is equal to the value of minimal inhibitory concentration showing that these substances have a bactericidal effect. This effect was observed in concentrations up to 6.25% v/v. Antioxidant activity was also correlated to presence of flavors. Over time, the viability assay in human epithelial lung A549 cells showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth. Conclusion: Our results have shown that flavors considerably enhance the antibacterial activity of propane-1,2-diol and propane-1,2,3-triol. This study provides important evidence that should be taken into consideration in further investigative approaches, to clarify the different sensitivity of the various bacterial species to e-liquids, including the respiratory microbiota, to highlight the possible role of flavors and nicotine.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
ANNAMALAI MADURAM ◽  
RAJU KAMARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antibacterial activity for the various extracts of Clausena dentata against human pathogens. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of microbiological properties is very scarce. Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus and compared with ciprofloxacin. Results: Qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, and volatile oil. The antibacterial activity result reveals that all the extracts were are more active against V. cholerae. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mild. Conclusion: The activity against V. cholerae was comparable with that of 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin at the concentration of C. dentata 40 μg/mL. The orders of antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria are hexane, methanol, and chloroform extract of C. dentata.

scholarly journals Utilization of induction furnace steel slag based iron oxide nanocomposites for antibacterial studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baalamurugan ◽  
V. Ganesh Kumar ◽  
T. Stalin Dhas ◽  
S. Taran ◽  
S. Nalini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
If Steel ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Microplate Reader

AbstractMetals and metal oxide-based nanocomposites play a significant role over the control of microbes. In this study, antibacterial activity of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanocomposites based on induction furnace (IF) steel slag has been carried out. IF steel slag is an industrial by-product generated from secondary steel manufacturing process and has various metal oxides which includes Al2O3 (7.89%), MnO (5.06), CaO (1.49%) and specifically Fe2O3 (14.30%) in higher content along with metalloid SiO2 (66.42). Antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanocomposites has been revealed on bacterial species such as Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Micrococcus luteus has undergone maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 12 mm for 10 mg/mL concentration of steel slag iron oxide nanocomposite. Growth inhibitory kinetics of bacterial species has been studied using ELISA microplate reader at 660 nm by varying the concentration of steel slag iron oxide nanocomposites. The results illustrate that IF steel slag is a potential material and can be utilized in building materials to increase the resistance against biodeterioration. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Modulatory Effects of Caffeine and Pentoxifylline on Aromatic Antibiotics: A Role for Hetero-Complex Formation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3628
Author(s):  
Anna Woziwodzka ◽  
Marta Krychowiak-Maśnicka ◽  
Grzegorz Gołuński ◽  
Anna Felberg ◽  
Agnieszka Borowik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Neighborhood Association ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Antibiotic Interactions

Antimicrobial resistance is a major healthcare threat globally. Xanthines, including caffeine and pentoxifylline, are attractive candidates for drug repurposing, given their well-established safety and pharmacological profiles. This study aimed to analyze potential interactions between xanthines and aromatic antibiotics (i.e., tetracycline and ciprofloxacin), and their impact on antibiotic antibacterial activity. UV-vis spectroscopy, statistical-thermodynamical modeling, and isothermal titration calorimetry were used to quantitatively evaluate xanthine-antibiotic interactions. The antibacterial profiles of xanthines, and xanthine-antibiotic mixtures, towards important human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae were examined. Caffeine and pentoxifylline directly interact with ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, with neighborhood association constant values of 15.8–45.6 M−1 and enthalpy change values up to −4 kJ·M−1. Caffeine, used in mixtures with tested antibiotics, enhanced their antibacterial activity in most pathogens tested. However, antagonistic effects of caffeine were also observed, but only with ciprofloxacin toward Gram-positive pathogens. Xanthines interact with aromatic antibiotics at the molecular and in vitro antibacterial activity level. Given considerable exposure to caffeine and pentoxifylline, these interactions might be relevant for the effectiveness of antibacterial pharmacotherapy, and may help to identify optimal treatment regimens in the era of multidrug resistance.

Development of a Cavity Disinfectant Containing Antibacterial Monomer MDPB

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (13) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hirose ◽  
R. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Maezono ◽  
A. Mine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adhesive Resin Cement

An experimental cavity disinfectant (ACC) that is intended to be used for various direct and indirect restorations was prepared by adding an antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinum bromide (MDPB) at 5% into 80% ethanol. The antibacterial effectiveness of ACC and its influences on the bonding abilities of resin cements were investigated. To examine the antibacterial activity of unpolymerized MDPB, the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined for Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Parvimonas micra, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Antibacterial activities of ACC and the commercial cavity disinfectant containing 2% chlorhexidine and ethanol (CPS) were evaluated by agar disk diffusion tests through 7 bacterial species and by MIC and MBC measurement for S. mutans. The effects of ACC and CPS to kill bacteria in dentinal tubules were compared with an S. mutans–infected dentin model. Shear bond strength tests were used to examine the influences of ACC on the dentin-bonding abilities of a self-adhesive resin cement and a dual-cure resin cement used with a primer. Unpolymerized MDPB showed strong antibacterial activity against 7 oral bacteria. ACC produced inhibition zones against all bacterial species similar to CPS. For ACC and CPS, the MIC value for S. mutans was identical, and the MBC was similar with only a 1-step dilution difference (1:2). Treatment of infected dentin with ACC resulted in significantly greater bactericidal effects than CPS ( P < 0.05, analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference test). ACC showed no negative influences on the bonding abilities to dentin for both resin cements, while CPS reduced the bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement ( P < 0.05). This study clarified that the experimental cavity disinfectant containing 5% MDPB is more effective in vitro than the commercially available chlorhexidine solution to eradicate bacteria in dentin, without causing any adverse influences on the bonding abilities of resinous luting cements.

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