scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Some Synthetic Compounds on Fungi Associated with Post Harvest Rot of Red Pepper (Capsicum annum)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Matthew O. KOLAWOLE ◽  
Ibikunle I. ANIBIJUWON ◽  
David O. ADETITUN ◽  
Shola K. BABATUNDE ◽  
Efuntoye ANJORIN
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Rhizopus sp, Mucor sp, Collectotrichum capsici and Geotrichum candidum were isolated but pathogenic test revealed that Collectotrichum capsici and Geotrichum candidum were the most pathogenic of all the isolates. Ni2+ + Azo has the highest inhibitory effect, closely followed by Ni2+ + PAN while Copper (II) complex of Thiourea has the lowest inhibitory effect. However, 10mg/ml concentration proved to be the most effective when radial mycelial growth of the test fungi was measured. The inhibitory effects of each complex on the isolates increases with increase in incubation period. There is the feasibility of using synthetic associated with the symptoms. The three synthetic compounds, Copper (II) complex of Thiourea, Ni2+ + compounds as preservatives for harvested red pepper.

scholarly journals Effect of photosensitisers on growth and morphology of Phytophthora citrophthora coupled with leaf bioassays in pear seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Zambounis ◽  
Oksana Sytar ◽  
Dimitris Valasiadis ◽  
Zoe Hilioti
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Phytophthora Citrophthora ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Zoospore Production

The phytopathogenic oomycetes of the genus Phytophthora cause devastating economic losses worldwide.<br />Naphthodianthrone compounds, present in plant extracts of buckwheat and Saint John’s wort act as photosensitiser<br />agents and exhibit antimicrobial activity against a number of pathogens. In this study, we investigated the potential<br />inhibitory effects of fagopyrin and hypericin on Phytophthora citrophthora (R.E. Sm. &amp; E.H. Sm.) Leonian 1906, the<br />main causal agent of rot diseases in deciduous trees. Fagopyrin had the highest inhibitory effect in the colony growth<br />at a concentration of 2% of a stock solution (3 mg/mL), inducing clubbed hyphae with round tips. Notably, hypericin<br />also inhibited the radial colony growth and increased the hyphal branching at the subapical region, while also promoting<br />the formation of enlarged cells with irregular shapes growing collectively as biofilm-like structures. In terms of the<br />mycelial dry weight, although both photosensitisers had considerable inhibitory effects, the fagopyrin treatment was<br />most effective. Leaf bioassays showed that under dark conditions the photosensitiser pre-treated zoospores formed a<br />dense, but aberrant, mycelial growth with penetration defects. In contrast, when the zoospore production was performed<br />under light conditions, the zoospores failed to cause necrotic lesions and penetration events implying that their<br />virulence was impaired. These findings shed light on the biological effects of fagopyrin and hypericin in the regulation<br />of the mycelial growth, morphology and pathogenicity of P. citrophthora.

scholarly journals Biological Activities of Euphorbia peplus Leaves Ethanolic Extract and the Extract Fabricated Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed A. Ghramh ◽  
Khalid Ali Khan ◽  
Essam H. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Euphorbia Peplus ◽  
Dose Dependent

Euphorbia peplus leaves extract (EpExt) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) phytofabricated with extract (EpExt-AuNPs) were investigated for biological activities. EpExt and EpExt-AuNPs were screened for: (i) anticancer activity against Hela and HepG2 cell lines; (ii) antimicrobial activity; (iii) hemolytic activity; (iv) cytotoxic or stimulatory effects; and (v) insecticidal activity. AuNPs (size 50 nm) were synthesized. (i) EpExt had a stimulatory effect (51.04%) on Hela cells and an inhibitory effect (−12.83%) on HepG2 cells while EpExt-AuNPs showed inhibitory effects (−54.25% and −59.64% on Hela and HepG2 cells respectively). (ii) Antimicrobial activity of EpExt-AuNPs was significantly higher (ranged from 11.67 mm to 14.33 mm) than that of EpExt (ranged from 5.33 mm to 6.33 mm). (iii) Both EpExt and EpExt-AuNPs displayed 100% hemolysis. (iv) A dose-dependent inhibitory effect of EpExt was observed (ranged from −48.5% to −92.1%), which was greater than that of EpExt-AuNPs (ranged from −32.1% to −69.1%) (v) EpExt-AuNPs was more lethal against mosquito larvae with lethal concentration (LC50) value (202.692 ppm) compared to EpExt (1430.590 ppm). In conclusion, EpExt-AuNPs were inhibitory against HepG2 and Hela cells, while EpExt inhibited HepG2 but stimulated Hela cells. EpExt-AuNPs had antimicrobial effects. EpExt showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects on splenic cells. EpExt-AuNPs were lethal against mosquito larvae.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Lavender (Lavandula stoechas) Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Musa Özcan ◽  
Mira Starovic ◽  
Goran Aleksic ◽  
Gilles Figueredo ◽  
Fahad Al Juhaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas

The essential oil of Lavandula stoechas was examined by GC and GC-MS. Discs (5 mmi.d.) of the tested fungi ( Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Botritys cinerea) were inoculated separately onto each assay plate and incubated at 25oC for 7 days. The oil yield of dried parts (v/dw) obtained by hydro-distillation was 2.9%. Thirty-two compounds representing 98.3% of the essential oil were determined. Linalool (49.9%), linalyl acetate (14.4%), lavandulyl acetate (5.7%), α-terpineol (5.6%), terpinene-4-ol (5.1%), lavandulol (3.7%), ( E)-β-ocimene (2.6%) and ( Z)-β-ocimene (2.4%) were identified as the main constituents of the oil. In addition, both doses of the lavender oil showed varying levels of inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of tested fungi used in the experiment. The results demonstrated the strongest effect on B.cinerea, followed by A.alternata and F.oxysporum. The inhibitory effect is probably dependent on the concentration of essential oils.

scholarly journals Inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth of three fruit rot pathogens using some chemical fungicides and botanical extracts

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Most. Ferdousi Begum ◽  
Mst Ferdowsi Mahal ◽  
Md Shahidul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Alternaria Tenuis ◽  
Chemical Fungicides ◽  
Seed Extracts

Six chemical fungicides and extracts of 15 locally available plants were tested against three fruit rot pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. capsici, Rhizopus artocurpi and Alternaria tenuis for the evaluation of inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth. Among the fungicides tested, all the concentrations of Ridomil showed 100% inhibition of spore germination and the least inhibition was recorded in case of treatment with Bavistin for F. oxysporium f. sp. capsici. In case of R. artocarpi and A. tenuis, Dithene–M 45 showed good inhibitory effects but Thiovit had no inhibitory effect against A. tenuis. Both leaf and seed extracts of Azadirachta indica showed good inhibitory effect than tested with other plant extracts. Moringa oleifera extract showed least inhibitory effect against all the fungi tested. Datura metel, Plygonum oriantale, Tagestes patula and Micania scandens also showed promising inhibition on spore germination and mycelial growth of all the pathogens tested. Key words: Fruit rot pathogens; plant extracts; chemical fungicides; spore germination; mycelial growth; PIGR DOI: 10.3329/jles.v5i0.7344 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 5: 23-27, 2010

In Vitro Effects of Ethanol on Rabbit Platelet Aggregation, Secretion of Granule Contents, and Cyclic AMP Levels in the Presence of Prostacyclin

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (02) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L Rand ◽  
Peter L Gross ◽  
Donna M Jakowec ◽  
Marian A Packham ◽  
J Fraser Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets

SummaryEthanol, at physiologically tolerable concentrations, inhibits platelet responses to low concentrations of collagen or thrombin, but does not inhibit responses of washed rabbit platelets stimulated with high concentrations of ADP, collagen, or thrombin. However, when platelet responses to high concentrations of collagen or thrombin had been partially inhibited by prostacyclin (PGI2), ethanol had additional inhibitory effects on aggregation and secretion. These effects were also observed with aspirin- treated platelets stimulated with thrombin. Ethanol had no further inhibitory effect on aggregation of platelets stimulated with ADP, or the combination of ADP and epinephrine. Thus, the inhibitory effects of ethanol on platelet responses in the presence of PGI2 were very similar to its inhibitory effects in the absence of PGI2, when platelets were stimulated with lower concentrations of collagen or thrombin. Ethanol did not appear to exert its inhibitory effects by increasing cyclic AMP above basal levels and the additional inhibitory effects of ethanol in the presence of PGI2 did not appear to be brought about by further increases in platelet cyclic AMP levels.

Inhibition of ADP-Induced Responses in Human Platelets by Agents Elevating the Cyclic AMP Level: Comparison of Aggregation and Shape Change

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 333-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vider M Steen ◽  
Holm Holmsen
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Sequential Relationship

SummaryThe inhibitory effect of cAMP-elevating agents on shape change and aggregation in human platelets was studied to improve the understanding of the sequential relationship between these two responses.Human platelet-rich plasma was preincubated for 2 min at 37° C with prostaglandin E1 or adenosine, agents known to elevate the intracellular level of cAMP. Their inhibitory effects on ADP-induced shape change and aggregation were determined both separately and simultaneously. The dose-inhibition patterns for shape change and aggregation were similar for both PGE1 and adenosine. There was no distinct difference between the inhibitory action of these two inhibitors.These observations suggest that elevation of the intracellular concentration of cAMP interferes with an early step in the stimulus-response coupling that is common for aggregation and shape change.

The Inhibitory Effect of Heparin and Related Glycosaminoglycans on Neutrophil Chemotaxis

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaacov Matzner ◽  
Gerard Marx ◽  
Ruth Drexler ◽  
Amiram Eldor
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chemotactic Factor ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Boyden Chamber ◽  
Neutrophil Chemotaxis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Chemotactic Factors

SummaryClinical observations have shown that heparin has antiinflammatory activities. The effect of heparin on neutrophil chemotaxis was evaluated in vitro in the Boyden Chamber. This method enabled differentiation between the direct effects of heparin on neutrophil migration and locomotion, and its effects on chemotactic factors. Heparin inhibited both the random migration and directed locomotion of human neutrophils toward zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) and F-met-leu-phe (FMLP). Inhibition was found to be dependent on the concentrations of the heparin and of the chemotactic factors. No specific binding of heparin to the neutrophils could be demonstrated, and heparin’s inhibitory effects were eliminated by simple washing of the cells. When added directly to the chamber containing chemotactic factor, heparin inhibited the chemotactic activity of ZAS but not that of FMLP, suggesting a direct inhibitory effect against C5a, the principal chemotactic factor in ZAS.Experiments performed with low-molecular-weight heparin, N-desulfated heparin, dextran sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and dextran indicated that the inhibitory effects of heparin on neutrophil chemotaxis are not related to its anticoagulant activity, but probably depend on the degree of sulfation of the heparin molecule.

Mycelial Growth and Antimicrobial Activity of Pleurotus Species (Agaricomycetes)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Castillo ◽  
Renata A. Lemos ◽  
José Raimundo G. Pereira ◽  
José Maria A. Alves ◽  
Maria Francisca S. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Pleurotus Species

Inhibition of Yeast Growth by Tryptamine and Recovery with Tryptophan

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrika Kadkol ◽  
Ian Macreadie
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
Fermentative Growth ◽  
Biogenic Monoamine

Background: Tryptamine, a biogenic monoamine that is present in trace levels in the mammalian central nervous system, has probable roles as a neurotransmitter and/or a neuromodulator and may be associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. One of the ways tryptamine may affect the body is by the competitive inhibition of the attachment of tryptophan to tryptophanyl tRNA synthetases. Methods: This study has explored the effects of tryptamine on growth of six yeast species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis and C. lusitaniae) in media with glucose or ethanol as the carbon source, as well as recovery of growth inhibition by the addition of tryptophan. Results: Tryptamine was found to have an inhibitory effect on respiratory growth of all yeast species when grown with ethanol as the carbon source. Tryptamine also inhibited fermentative growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, C. krusei and C. tropicalis with glucose as the carbon source. In most cases the inhibitory effects were reduced by added tryptophan. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study are consistent with tryptamine competing with tryptophan to bind mitochondrial and cytoplasmic tryptophanyl tRNA synthetases in yeast: effects on mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein synthesis can be studied as a function of growth with glucose or ethanol as a carbon source. Of the yeast species tested, there is variation in the sensitivity to tryptamine and the rescue by tryptophan. The current study suggests appropriate yeast strains and approaches for further studies.

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