scholarly journals Interaction Effect of CO2 Enrichment and Nutritional Conditions on Physiological Characteristics, Essential Oil and Yield of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud SHOOR ◽  
Farzad MONDANI ◽  
Akbar ALIVERDI ◽  
Farid GOLZARDI
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Carbon dioxide enrichment and nutritional improvement can increase photosynthesis and growth of different crops. The aim of the present study was to assess interaction effects of CO2 enrichment and fertilizer on physiological characteristics and lemon balm essential oil. Experimental units were composed of CO2 at 380, 700, and 1050 ppm with and without manure and N fertilizer application. A continuous increasing trend of individual plant leaf area, total dry weight accumulation and relative growth ratio were recorded with CO2 enrichment. When CO2 was elevated from 380 to 1050 ppm, the values of height (24.3%), SPAD reading (2.7%), essential oil yield (26.3%) and final yield (65.3%) were increased, unlike, stomatal conductance (35.2%) and essential oil percentage (53%) were decreased. The highest and the lowest values (except for oil percentage) were obtained under N and no fertilizer application, respectively. Except for SPAD, interaction between CO2 enrichment and each fertilizer on all measured characteristics had a significant effect, so that CO2 effect was intensified by applying each fertilizer. Therefore, it can be concluded that when temperature increase caused by rising CO2 is not considered or there is not a limitation for resources, CO2 enrichment will improve lemon balm biomass and essential oil yield.

scholarly journals Yield and Oil Content of Mint under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Hamed KESHAVARZ ◽  
Seyed Ali Mohammad MODARRES SANAVY
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Japanese Mint ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Fertilizer Combination ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Two species of mint Mentha piperitha (peppermint) and M. arvensis (Japanese mint) are widely cultivated in Iran, but their response to fertilizer regime has not been evaluated so far. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different organic and chemical fertilizer treatments [Control, 100% urea (95 kg N ha−1), 75% urea (71.25 kg N ha-1) + 25% vermicompost (3.3 t ha-1), 50% urea (47.5 kg N ha-1) + 50% vermicompost (6.75 t ha-1), 25% urea (23.75 kg N ha-1) + 75% vermicompost (10.1 t ha-1) and 100% vermicompost (13.5 ton ha-1)] on essential oil contents, yield and yield components of the two species of mint. Peppermint provided grater plant height, number of internodes, number of leaf and oil percentage compared with the Japanese mint under study. The results indicated that, irrespective of the mint species, plants treated with combined chemical and organic fertilizer presented taller plants, higher oil contents and oil yield compared with solo chemical or organic fertilizers. Oil percentage and essential oil yield of mint increased significantly under the treatment with 25% urea (23.75 kg N ha−1) + 75% vermicompost (10.1 t ha-1). Plant height and number of leaf increased along the replacement of organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizers. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation with leaf number and essential oil yield. Application of vermicompost in combination with chemical fertilizer increased plant height, oil percentage and essential oil in both species, suggesting that organic and chemical fertilizer combination improves performance and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen and Two Types of Green Manure on the Changes in Percentage and Yield of Peppermint (Mentha piperita) Essential Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Reza Dehghani BIDGOLI ◽  
Mohammad Javad MAHDAVI
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Secale Montanum

An experiment was conducted during 2015-2016 as a split factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental factors were nitrogen fertilizer at four levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha as the main factor and two types of green manure. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and secale (Secale montanum) in two states (use and non-use) were considered as sub-factors. Medicago sativa and Secale montanum were cultivated as green manure in September 2015 and returned into the soil by ploughing at the fall of 2015. Thereafter, Mentha piperita was planted and the crop was taken care of in order to collect the samples. The highest increase of peppermint essential oil percentage and essential oil yield in different treatments resulted from the application of 150 kg/ha of pure nitrogen with 0.35% and 45.60 kg/ha, as well as the use of M. sativa with 0.43% and 55.80 kg/ha, the use of S. montanum with 0.44% and 49.50 kg/ha, respectively. The highest essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were recorded under the influence of the double interaction use of 150 kg/ha of pure nitrogen and use of green manure of M. sativa with average 0.62% and 80.30 kg/ha, respectively. The triple interaction of experimental factors on traits tested showed that nitrogen treatment of 150 kg/ha with M. sativa and S. montanum produced the highest percentage of essential oil and essential oil yield of average 0.73% and 91.65 kg/ha, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Fenugreek and Dill Different Intercropping Patterns and Harvesting Times on Essential Oil pf Dill

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Shokati ◽  
K. Ghassemi-Golezan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Abstract Intercropping is an important and sustainable cropping practice in agroecosystems. Intercropping is a planting technique that farmers and gardeners can use to promote beneficial plant interactions and increases in biodiversity, enhanced production and lower economic risk. In the search for sustainable agricultural methods for medicinal plants, fenugreek and dill plants were intercropped at different additive (1:20, 1:40 and 1:60) and replacement (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) series, at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran. Field experiment was arranged as split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replicates. Dill umbels were harvested at flowering, pasty and complete ripening stages. Results showed that among harvesting times, pasty stage had maximum essential oil percentage, essential oil yield and harvest index of essential oil, whereas among intercropping patterns, 1:1 and 1:20 treatments had the maximum values. Fenugreek as a medicinal, forage and legume crop promote dill essential oil yield and harvest index and could be an effective plant in intercropping systems.

scholarly journals SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE of Pleurotus ostreatus KUMMER INCREASES BASIL BIOMASS AND ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-558
Author(s):  
CRISTIANO OLIVEIRA DO CARMO ◽  
MARCOS DE SOUZA RODRIGUES ◽  
FRANCELI DA SILVA ◽  
TÂMARA GRAZIELE MATOS IRINEU ◽  
ANA CRISTINA FERMINO SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

ABSTRACT Lignocellulosic residues are used to produce mushrooms, but they generate large amounts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS). The objective of this study was to evaluate they effect of SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus, combined with organic fertilization, on biomass production and essential oil yield of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants. The fertilizer was formulated using combinations of organic compounds: SMS, organic compost (OC), and earthworm humus (EH). The treatments were applied using 35 g of the formulations, corresponding to an application of 20 Mg ha-1. The treatments used were: 100% OC; 100% EH; 100% SMS; 75% SMS + 25% OC (C1); 75% SMS + 25% EH (C2); 50% SMS + 50% OC (C3); 50% SMS + 50% EH (C4); 50% SMS + 25% OC + 25% EH (C5), and a control with no fertilizer application (CT). Plants grown with the soil fertilizers containing SMS, single or combined with OC and EH, presented higher average plant height (55.6 to 62.2 cm) and leaf area per plant (696.5 to 836.4 cm2). The treatment C3 resulted in plants with higher mean dry weight (10.9 g plant-1), and C2 resulted in the highest oil yield (5.0 kg ha-1), representing a gain of 324.8% in oil yield when compared to the control. Thus, SMS increases biomass production and essential oil yield of basil plants.

scholarly journals Effect of salicylic acid concentrations and spray dates on growth of coriander plant (Coriandrum sativum L.) and essential oil content of its seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qasim Ajel Al-Zyadi
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

"The experiment was carried out in fields of Agricultural Research and Experiments Station (2) affiliated with the College of Agriculture / Al-Muthanna University during growth season 2018-2019 to study the effect of spraying three different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 100 and 200 mg.L-1) and spray date it at three different dates (60 , 90 and 120 days after planting) on growth of Coriandrum sativum L. and a volatile oil content in seeds. The experiment was applied using a randomized complete block design RCBD with three replications. The results showed that plants treated with salicylic acid (200 mg.L-1) was significantly outperformed of dry weight shoot, the weight of 100 seeds and seed yield gave (21.76 g.plant-1, 1.22 g and 7.79 g.plant-1) respectively. While, the plants treated with salicylic (100 mg.L-1) was significantly outperformed and gave highest values of essential oil percentage (0.87%) and essential oil yield (6.32 μl.plant-1). The plants that were sprayed with salicylic after 120 days of cultivation outperformed significantly in the weight of 100 seeds, seed yield and essential oil yield were gave (1.12 gm., 7.54 gm.plant-1 and 5.53 μl.plant-1). While, the highest values were recorded in the dry weight of the shoot total (20.51 g.plant-1) and in essential oil percentage (0.787%) in plants that were sprayed after 90 days of cultivation."

scholarly journals Interactive effects of drought stress and chitosan application on physiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Emami Bistgani ◽  
Seyed Ataollah Siadat ◽  
Abdolmehdi Bakhshandeh ◽  
Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti ◽  
Masoud Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

scholarly journals Sex-specific differences in Juniperus communis L.: essential oil yield, growth-defence conflict and population sex-ratio

AoB Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Markó ◽  
István Németh ◽  
Veronika Gyuricza ◽  
Vilmos Altbäcker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Abstract In plants, biomass and nutrient allocation often generate trade-offs between the different biochemical pathways conflicting the utilization of the common source among growth, reproduction and chemical defence. However, in dioecious plant species, these trade-off patterns could appear as a more contrasted problem between males and females due to the dissimilar reproduction investment. Generally, the growth ratio is higher in males than females, while females have a stronger defence than males. To understand the possible role of the sex-specific dissimilarities within the growth-defence conflict framework, we investigated the possible causes of the high variance of the essential oil yield in a dioecious evergreen species, Juniperus communis. Specifically, we tested the correlations between the essential oil yield with other individual-specific traits (e.g., sex, age), the presence of the growth-defence trade-off, and the differential growth and survival patterns between males and females through an extensive field-survey with sample collection in three natural populations (Kiskunság National Park, Hungary). The individual-specific essential oil yield was also measured and served as a proxy to describe the degree of chemical defence. We found that the essential oil yield showed strong and consistent sex-specific patterns decreasing with age in adults. Contrary to the predictions, the males showed a consistently higher yield than the females. We also observed a growth-defence trade-off in males but not in females. Consistently with the growth-defence conflict hypothesis, the populations’ sex-ratio was male-biased, and this pattern was more evident with ageing modifying the demographic structure due to the sexually dissimilar lifespan. Our juniper study revealed a contrasting and unique essential oil accumulation driven by the complex allocation trade-off mechanisms within individuals, which could be a flexible and adaptive defence response against the increasing biotic and abiotic environmental stresses exacerbated under global climate change.

scholarly journals Identification of VOCs in essential oils extracted using ultrasound- and microwave-assisted methods from sweet cherry flower

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Hongguang Yan ◽  
Quan Li ◽  
Hui Lin ◽  
Xiaopeng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

AbstractThe floral fragrance of plants is an important indicator in their evaluation. The aroma of sweet cherry flowers is mainly derived from their essential oil. In this study, based on the results of a single-factor experiment, a Box–Behnken design was adopted for ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction of essential oil from sweet cherry flowers of the Brooks cultivar. With the objective of extracting the maximum essential oil yield (w/w), the optimal extraction process conditions were a liquid–solid ratio of 52 mL g−1, an extraction time of 27 min, and a microwave power of 435 W. The essential oil yield was 1.23%, which was close to the theoretical prediction. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the sweet cherry flowers of four cultivars (Brooks, Black Pearl, Tieton and Summit) were identified via headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results showed that a total of 155 VOCs were identified and classified in the essential oil from sweet cherry flowers of four cultivars, 65 of which were shared among the cultivars. The highest contents of VOCs were aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and esters. Ethanol, linalool, lilac alcohol, acetaldehyde, (E)-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde and dimethyl sulfide were the major volatiles, which were mainly responsible for the characteristic aroma of sweet cherry flowers. It was concluded that the VOCs of sweet cherry flowers were qualitatively similar; however, relative content differences were observed in the four cultivars. This study provides a theoretical basis for the metabolism and regulation of the VOCs of sweet cherry flowers.

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