scholarly journals Distribution of Trans-Anethole and Estragole in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) of Callus Induced from Different Seedling Parts and Fruits

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Moneim Mohamed Radwan AFIFY ◽  
Hossam Saad EL-BELTAGI ◽  
Anwer Abd El-Aziz HAMMAMA ◽  
Mahassen Mohamed SIDKY ◽  
Omneya Farouk Ahmed MOSTAFA
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Different Types ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

In the present study, seeds from local cultivar of fennel were germinated on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) without plant growth regulators. Different types of explants from the growing seedling such as cotyledonal leaves, hypocotyls, epicotyls and roots were cultured on MS medium, contained different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) either alone or with kinetin. Differential responses in the essential oil constituents were observed in the induction and development of callus. The major components of essential oils includes estragole, trans-anethole, limonene and fenchone were studied under different conditions to find out the best methods which could be used to reduce the amount of estragole (not favorite for human consumption) and increase the amount of trans-anethole.

Callogenesis and plant regeneration of sweet orange cv. Washington Navel from floral organ cultures

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Nebiha Metoui ◽  
Sabrine Nahdi ◽  
Fethia Dhaouadi ◽  
Dorsaf Yahiaoui ◽  
Malika Meziane
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Washington Navel orange (Citrus sinensis L.) can be infected with virus and virus like diseases that affect not only the production but also fruit quality and the plant’s longevity. For viral sanitation, Washington Navel regeneration was investigated in vitro via floral organ culture. Flowers were collected before opening from healthy Washington Navel trees kept under greenhouse. Floral organs (style/stigma and ovary) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various plant growth regulators combinations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest rate of callogenesis (95%) was obtained from style/stigma explant cultures on MS medium enriched with 3 mgL-1 BAP, which also resulted in 100% rooted plantlets. Ovary cultures did not show any success on the culture medium with various plant growth regulators combinations. The acclimatization success of rooted plantlets by grafting on Citrus volkameriana rootstocks was about 83%. Thus, these results can be used for mass production of disease-free citrus plants and improve sanitation program of the local citrus genotypes in Tunisia.

scholarly journals Callus induction and plant regeneration in the moss Aloina Aloides (Schultz) Kindb. (Pottiaceae, Bryopsida)

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Bijelovic ◽  
Marko Sabovljevic
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Long Period ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Callus induction of moss species Aloina aloides (Schultz) Kindb. was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L kinetin (KIN) or with 0.2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 2.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or with 7.5 g/L of sucrose or with 15 g/L of sucrose or hormone - free and sugar free MS basal medium. The callus can be maintained for a long period of time without bud formation subcultured on the above media, at 16 h day/8 h night, 25 ? 2?C, 60-70% air humidity and irradiance of 50 ?mol m-2s-1. To obtain plant regeneration pieces, calli were transferred onto MS media supplemented with different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins (1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 2 mg/L KIN; 0.2 mg/L IBA and 2 mg/L KIN; or 0.2 mg/L IAA and 2 mg/L BAP). In these media after subculturing, callus enlarges and turns to gametophytes with buds. Except for a smaller size, the plants obtained on the callus did not differ morphoanatomically from the shoots in the nature.

scholarly journals Callogenesis in Cicer arietinum and identification of a genotype resistant to Ascochyta rabiei

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-682
Author(s):  
Yasmina BENABDESSLEM ◽  
Kadda HACHEM ◽  
Samia GHOMARI
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Callus Tissues ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the leguminous species most appreciated by consumers in the Mediterranean basin, while being an important source of protein. Nevertheless, its crop yields are greatly limited by several biotic and abiotic stresses, the main one being Ascochyta rabiei, the causal agent of anthracnose. As traditional breeding methods have proved to be ineffective in controlling this pathogen, resorting to biotechnological methods is necessary. Therefore, in this study, the callogenic capacity of stem and leaflet explants from three genotypes of chickpea, namely ‘FLIP 84-92 C’, ‘ILC 32-97’, and ‘ILC 263’, cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different hormonal balances of auxins (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA] and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D]) and cytokinin (kinetin), was determined. For all the genotypes, high percentages of callogenesis were recorded in the different explants grown on an MS medium with 2 mg of both IAA and kinetin. Then, a patho-system of Cicer arietinum calluses with Ascochyta rabiei was investigated, followed by a histological assessment of this interaction. The presence of the fruiting bodies of the pathogen was revealed in the calluses of the ‘ILC 32-97’ and ‘ILC 263’ genotypes. Notably, the latter showed a high sensitivity to the pathogen, as indicated by an abundance of pycnidia in its tissues. As for the ‘FLIP 84-92 C’ genotype, the histological sections showed a total absence of inter- and intracellular fruiting bodies of the pathogen in the callus tissues. Therefore, this genotype was considered as resistant to Ascochyta rabiei.

scholarly journals Changes in Volatile Compounds during Aging of Sweet Fennel Fruits-Comparison of Hydrodistillation and Static Headspace Sampling Methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Menče Najdoska-Bogdanov ◽  
Jane B. Bogdanov ◽  
Marina Stefova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Static Headspace ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Main Components

Two extraction methods for subsequent gas chromatographic (GC) determination of volatiles from freshly harvested and aged fennel fruit samples ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.,ssp. vulgare var. dulce) have been compared. Hydrodistillation followed by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis was used as a standard method for essential oil characterization, while static headspace followed by GC (SHS-GC-FID) was used as a comparative method for determination of volatile components. As the fennel fruit ages, there is a gradual loss of the volatile components as indicated by the lower yield of essential oil and lower content of volatiles, as indicated by the alternative SHS-GC-FID analysis. Slight differences observed for the main components ( trans-anethole, estragole, fenchone, and limonene) using the two methods are negligible, indicating that these volatiles did not undergo chemical transformation during the sample preparation procedures. A difference in anisaldehyde content was observed when the composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil was compared with the SHS-GC-FIDanalysis of volatiles and explanation for the variation of anisaldehyde content and the origin of other compounds was suggested. Comparison of the obtained results showed that limonene oxides, carvone and carveolare detectable in SHS-GC-FID analysis of the aged fennel fruits, while in hydrodistilled samples analyzed by GC-FID they were not present. Another observed difference was the appearance of products in significant amounts with higher retention times than trans-anethole, namely threo- and erythro-anethole β-hydroxymethylether and anethole glycol that are not detectable in the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation. So, the relative abundance of the major components is comparable between these two methods for fennel seed up to 3 years from harvest and they can be used interchangeably depending on the purpose and amount of material. Furthermore, SHS-GC-FID can be used for assessment of maximum storage time and quality of fennel fruit suitable for human consumption.

EFFICIENT CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION VIA SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM IMMATURE LEAF-DERIVED PROTOPLASTS OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perumal Venkatachalam ◽  
Narayanasamypillai Jayabalan
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
High Yields ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

High yields of protoplasts were obtained from immature leaves of aseptically grown plants of Arachis hypogaea using an enzyme solution containing cellulase 2.0% (w/v) and Macerozyme 1.0% (w/v) in 0.6 M mannitol. Isolated protoplasts were cultured in Kao's medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The protoplasts started to divide after 3–5 days of culture. Sustained divisions resulted in mass production of cell colonies and mini calli in 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, protoplast colonies were transferred to the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and BAP. Colonies proliferated into actively growing calli. Further attempts to regenerate plants from such calli were not successful. However, protoclones differentiated roots on the same medium. Alternative methods for plant regeneration from protoplast derived callus cultures were tried through somatic embryogenesis. Protoplast-derived calli treated with 2,4-D and BAP formed somatic embryos. Somatic embryogenesis began in the proembryo stage and proceeded from globular to dicotyledonary stage. Embryos were then transferred onto hormone-free MS medium for germination. Five to ten percent of these embryoids germinated and grew to plantlets. Regenerated plants were transferred to plastic cups and grown to maturity.

scholarly journals Callus Formation on Endosperm from Immature and Mature Fruits of Barringtonia Racemosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
D S M Soder ◽  
D N A A Khalid ◽  
A Saleh ◽  
F Pardi ◽  
N J Sidik
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Friable Callus ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Barringtonia racemosa is mangroves type of plant which had been extensively utilized in conventional practices for relieving ailments of pain and inflammation. Many studies have been done on ethnobotanical profiles, pharmacological activities and chemical compounds in Barringtonia racemosa. However, there is a limited study on callogenesis of this plant particularly from different maturity stage of fruits. The present study is to identify the callogenesis of Barringtonia racemosa from endosperm explants of immature and mature fruits in MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of hormones 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) and Kinetin (KIN) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L). The optimum hormone combination was found in callus grown on endosperm of immature fruits in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L KIN. It was also found that the callus in this treatment grew profusely with highest fresh weight (0.513 ± 0.022 g), 100% callus induction and friable callus texture. The callus fresh weight on endosperm explants was higher in immature fruits compared to mature fruits for all the hormone combinations. Therefore, callogenesis were found more efficient from endosperm explant of immature fruits in Barringtonia racemosa species.   

scholarly journals Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by 2,4 – Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and NPK Fertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
E.K. Eifediyi ◽  
F.O. Ogedegbe ◽  
N.B. Izuogu ◽  
C.A. Adedokun ◽  
A. Katibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Savannah Zone

Abstract The Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria is beset by increasing population and infrastructural development, thereby putting pressure on available land with rapidly declining fertility due to low organic matter content, soil erosion, high temperature and seasonal bush burning. Sesame is cultivated in this zone and the yield has remained very low, compared to yield in other parts of the world. This could be attributed to poor nutrient status and poor cultural practices used by peasant farmers. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, in a southern Guinea savannah zone in 2015 and repeated in 2016 cropping season to determine the effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of sesame. The experiment was laid out as a factorial arrangement, fitted into a randomized complete block design replicated thrice. The factors imposed were 2,4-D (0, 5 and 10 ppm ha−1) and NPK 15:15:15 (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha−1). Data were collected on vegetative traits (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area) and yield components (number of capsules per plant; yield per plant and per hectare). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Genstat statistical package 17th edition and significant means were separated by using the least significant difference at 5% level of probability. The result revealed that using plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer had significant effects (p<0.05) on plant height (151 cm) and yield per hectare (530 kg/ha). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the seeds further reaffirmed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which are important health promoting food in the seeds.

scholarly journals Differential regulation of GS-GOGAT gene expression by plant growth regulators in Arabidopsis seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Dragicevic ◽  
Ana Simonovic ◽  
Milica Bogdanovic ◽  
Angelina Subotic ◽  
Nabil Ghalawenji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact

Primary and secondary ammonium assimilation is catalyzed by the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) pathway in plants. The Arabidopsis genome contains five cytosolic GS1 genes (GLN1;1 - GLN1;5), one nuclear gene for chloroplastic GS2 isoform (GLN2), two Fd-GOGAT genes (GLU1 and GLU2) and a GLT1 gene coding for NADH-GOGAT. Even though the regulation of GS and GOGAT isoforms has been extensively studied in response to various environmental and metabolic cues in many plant species, little is known about the effects of phytohormones on their regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of representative plant growth regulators, kinetin (KIN), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), on the expression of A. thaliana GS and GOGAT genes. The obtained results indicate that GS and GOGAT genes are differentially regulated by growth regulators in shoots and roots. KIN and 2,4-D repressed GS and GOGAT expression in roots, with little effect on transcript levels in shoots. KIN affected all tested genes; 2,4-D was apparently more selective and less potent. ABA induced the expression of GLN1;1 and GLU2 in whole seedlings, while GA3 enhanced the expression of all tested genes in shoots, except GLU2. The observed expression patterns are discussed in relation to physiological roles of investigated plant growth regulators and N-assimilating enzymes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document