scholarly journals Assessment of Aglycones Isoflavone Profiling of Staple Indian Grain Flours and Soybean Sprout-Flour

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raman MANOHARLAL ◽  
Saiprasad V.S. GANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Daily Dietary Intake ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Chickpea Flour ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Indian Scenario

In the present study, investigation of fourteen traditional and most commonly used Indian staple grain flour types (viz. wheat, white rice, processed little millet, maize, all-purpose/refined wheat flour, chickpea flour, toasted gram flour, little millet, quinoa, soybean, white millet, pearl millet, semolina/cream of wheat and finger millet) was undertaken for the assessment of 3 major bioactive aglycone forms of isoflavone (IF): daidzein (DI), glycitein (GY) and genistein (GN), with a special interest on the effect of sprouting on total and individual IF components. The obtained results showed that the content and composition of total IF were negligible among all the investigated flours except for soybean, wherein detectable total (227 mg kg-1) and individual IF (45, 129 and 53 mg kg-1 for DI, GY and GN respectively) components were observed. From soybean mature seeds to sprouts formation with ~80% germination rate at a pilot-scale, a 31% increase in total IF (298 mg kg-1), characterised by an individual and respective increment of 30% (58 mg kg-1), 25% (161 mg kg-1) and 48% (78 mg kg-1) in corresponding DI, GY and GN components, was observed. The current results demonstrated that for the Indian scenario, contribution of aforementioned grains, other than soybean in daily dietary intake of IF is negligible and sprouting represents an effective way to enhance the endogenous IF content.

scholarly journals Performance of Different Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) based Intercropping Systems with Millets under Rainfed Condition of Odisha

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lenka ◽  
S.K. Swain ◽  
K.C. Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Adverse Weather

Background: Groundnut as a sole crop is affected by adverse weather conditions coupled with damage by insect, pest and disease, results in economic losses and in extreme cases complete failure of the crop. Intercropping is one of the important cropping systems recommended to mitigate the aberrant climatic conditions with an aim to increase total productivity per unit area. The present study was done to assess the effect of different millet based intercropping system on growth and yield of groundnut under rainfed condition. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2018 and 2019 at Agricultural Research Farm of All India Coordinated Research Project on Groundnut, OUAT, Bhubaneswar on mixed red and black medium soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. It consisted of ten treatments comprising of groundnut with three millets viz., finger millet, little millet and foxtail millet. Millets were intercropped with groundnut in the replacement series of 4:2 and 2:1 row proportion along with mono-cropped millets and groundnut. Result: Significantly higher no. branches/plant (5.2), leaflet/no. plant (79.33) and dry matter accumulation (25.77g/plant) was recorded in groundnut + finger millet (2:1) whereas, sole groundnut incurred significantly higher pod no/plant (16.5), 100 kernel weight (37.2g), shelling% (77.8), pod yield (1736 kg/ha) and haulm yield (3613 kg/ha) over all other intercropping systems. Further, groundnut pod equivalent yield (GPEY), land equivalent ratio (LER), area time equivalent ratio (ATER) and economics were higher in 2:1 row ratio of groundnut + finger millet compared to any of the sole and intercropping systems. The competition ratio and aggressivity of little millet was greater than that of other millets. So, it was most dominant crop over groundnut compared to other millets in the intercropping systems.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the non-methylated lignin synthesis in Paphiopedilum armeniacum seed

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
lin fang ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Feng Zheng ◽  
Mingzhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Lignin Synthesis ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Abstract Backgrounds Paphiopedilum is an important genus of orchid family (Orchidaceae) with high horticultural value. The wild populations are under the threat of extinction because of over collection and habitat destruction. Mature seeds of most Paphiopedilum species are difficult to germinate, which severely restricts the germplasm resources protection and commercial production. The germination inhibition factors are largely unknown. Results In this study, we found large amounts of non-methylated lignin were accumulated during seed maturation of Paphiopedilum armeniacum (P. armeniacum), which negatively correlates with the germination rate. We then further compared the transcriptome profiles of P. armeniacum seed at different development stages to explore molecular clues for the non-methylated lignin synthesis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that a large number of genes associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism as the seed maturation were differentially expressed. Several key genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathways displayed different expression patterns during the lignification process. PAL, 4CL, HCT and CSE were up-regulated to accelerate the C and H lignin accumulation. The expression of CCoAOMT, F5H and COMT were maintained at a low level or down-regulated to inhibit the conversion to the typical G and S lignin. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed the altered expression levels of these genes among seeds and vegetative tissues. Conclusions This work demonstrated the plasticity of natural lignin polymer assembly in seed, and provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of seed-specific lignification process.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the non-methylated lignin synthesis in Paphiopedilum armeniacum seed

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Fang ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Feng Zheng ◽  
Mingzhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Lignin Synthesis ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Backgrounds: Paphiopedilum is an important genus of orchid family (Orchidaceae) with high horticultural value. The wild populations are under the threat of extinction because of over collection and habitat destruction. Mature seeds of most Paphiopedilum species are difficult to germinate, which severely restricts the germplasm resources protection and commercial production. The germination inhibition factors are largely unknown.Results: In this study, we found large amounts of non-methylated lignin were accumulated during seed maturation of Paphiopedilum armeniacum (P. armeniacum), which negatively correlates with the germination rate. We then further compared the transcriptome profiles of P. armeniacum seed at different development stages to explore molecular clues for the non-methylated lignin synthesis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that a large number of genes associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism as the seed maturation were differentially expressed. Several key genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathways displayed different expression patterns during the lignification process. PAL, 4CL, HCT and CSE were up-regulated to accelerate the C and H lignin accumulation. The expression of CCoAOMT, F5H and COMT were maintained at a low level or down-regulated to inhibit the conversion to the typical G and S lignin. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed the altered expression levels of these genes among seeds and vegetative tissues. Conclusions: This work demonstrated the plasticity of natural lignin polymer assembly in seed, and provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of seed-specific lignification process.

scholarly journals Valorisation Agricole D’un Compost Produit À Partir Du Compostage En Cuve Des Déchets Municipaux

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (35) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
M. Chennaoui ◽  
Y. Salama ◽  
A. Makan ◽  
M. Mountadar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Agricultural Application ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Phytotoxicity Tests

This work is in the context of the management and recycling of solid urban waste. The evolution of the physicochemical and microbiological parameters during composting pilot scale household waste was studied. The maturity of the processes and the agronomic value of the finished product were examined. The results showed that the organic fraction of solid waste could be composted successfully in 60 days and revealing a vigorous microbial activity. The final compost has been satisfactory for its agricultural application. Phytotoxicity tests conducted on wheat and tomato crops, show that the incorporation of 25% culture support the compost allows a germination rate of up to 85% against 70% for the control for the variety of corn. In the case of tomatoes, we recorded a germination rate of about 67% against 58% for the control.

scholarly journals Impact of soaking, sprouting on antioxidant and anti-nutritional factors in milletgrains

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
G. Bhuvaneshwari ◽  
A. Nirmalakumari ◽  
S. Kalaiselvi
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Kodo Millet

Commonly consumed millet types viz., Little millet, foxtail millet, pearl millet, finger millet, and Kodo millet were tested under two processing methods of soaking and germination at a different time point. Most popular processing practices adopted by Indian households were studied for their influence on the biochemical properties, antioxidant profile, and anti-nutritive factors. The results showed that the sprouting process showed a maximum influence on the antioxidant and anti-nutritive factors. The comparative analysis of the five millets suggested 24h soaking and 24h germination was found to be best for producing nutritionally enriched millet products. Tannin content decreases with an increase in germination. The reduction in tannin was about 50% in little millet (0.347 mg/g) and the highest was recorded in finger millet (2.07 mg/g). The highest amount of saponin content was found in pearl millet( 39.53 mg/g) followed by finger millet ( 34.86 mg/g) with 24 hr soaking and  24 hr germination. The phytase activity was found to be higher in little millet (61.520 u/kg) when prolonged soaking and germination. The DPPH assay showed sprouted foxtail millet grains contain more antioxidant activity (81.13%) when extent the period of soaking and germination.

Germination and dormancy breaking by ethephon in mature and immature seeds of Medicago truncatula (medic) and Trifolium subterraneum (clover)

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Globerson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds

The effects of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphoric acid) and temperature on seed germination were studied in two cultivars of Medicago truncatula (medic) and one cultivar of Trifolium subterraneum (clover) grown under different controlled conditions. Ethephon promoted germination of immature and fresh mature seeds and increased the germination rate of old mature seeds. Ethephon thiourea and carbon dioxide had different effects on the germination of seeds of the medic cultivars. At 30°C, untreated seeds germinated poorly while the presence of 10 ppm ethephon increased germination significantly.

scholarly journals A Modification and development of threshing unit for minor millets

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (00) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Chaturvedi ◽  
Falguni Rathore ◽  
Shantanu Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Kodo Millet ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Minor Millets

Minor millets are small sized cereal grains belonging to the family Poaceae (Gramineae) are grown mainly in America, Japan, China and India. In India minor millet grown are finger millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet and little millet. Threshing is based on the principle that, some impact is given on crops, the grains are separated from panicles, cobs and pods. The performance of the threshing unit with development of five different shapes of pegs for threshing small millet. small millet thresher was tested at two different speed 712 rpm and 1068 rpm. The highest threshing efficiency with disc shape peg of 99.57 % cleaning efficiency 98.64 % output capacity 19.68 kg/ha was observed. In disc shape peg seed damage negalible. The cost of operation was also minimum. On the basis of above the disc type pe is recommended for minor millet.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of Nutritional Quality of Five Drought Tolerant Millets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Olamide S. Antonio Ajibona ◽  
Adedolapo Ajiboma Idowu ◽  
A. A. Hamama ◽  
Harbans L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Barnyard Millet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Percent Protein

Seeds from greenhouse-grown plants of five food millet crops—[barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea Link.), finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.), kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.), little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult.), and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)] contained 10.4, 5.5, 7.2, 1.3, and 17.1 percent protein; 69, 29, 239, 105, and 32 Fe (mg/100 g); and 33, 22, 23, 31, and 37 (mg/100 g) Zn, respectively. Concentrations (g/100 g) of oil in seeds varied from 1.32 for finger millet to 3.58 for little millet. The oil concentrations for barnyard, kodo, and proso millets were 1.59, 1.64, and 3.36 g/100 g, respectively. Predominant fatty acid in the oil in the seed of these millets was C18:2 followed by C18:1, and C16:0. Concentration of omega-3 fatty acid (a heart-healthy oil) was 1.06, 0.62, 1.01, 0.91, and 3.11 g/100 g in barnyard, kodo, little, proso, and finger millet, respectively. Oils from seeds of these millet crops were essentially free from concentration of anti-nutritive fatty acid C22:1 (Erucic acid). Concentrations (g/100 g) of total sugars varied from 0.96 for barnyard millet to 2.09 for finger millet. The total sugar concentrations for kodo, little, and proso millets were 1.81, 1.95, and 1.99 g/100 g, respectively. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, raffinose, and stachyose concentrations varied from 0.05 to 0.47, 0.44 to 0.85, 0.44 to 0.98, 0.02 to 0.33, 0.005 to 0.083, and 0.002 to 0.053, respectively for barnyard, kodo, little, proso, and finger millet, respectively. Results indicated that these millet crops have potential as sources of healthy food and it might be worthwhile to further study their production potential.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Agar and Grain Media for Mass Production of Conidia of Dactylaria higginsii

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1165-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela S. Wyss ◽  
Raghavan Charudattan ◽  
James T. DeValerio
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Conidial Production ◽  
Agar Media

Growth and sporulation of Dactylaria higginsii were quantified on complex agar media containing biological materials (group 1) and chemically defined agar media (group 2), as well as on grains, and the inoculum produced on these various substrates was tested for virulence on Cyperus rotundus. The fungus grew well between 25 and 30°C on potato dextrose agar (PDA), with 27°C being the optimum temperature. Generally, conidial production was highly variable and lower on complex agar media than on chemically defined media. Addition of purple nutsedge leaves to PDA did not increase colony growth or conidial production when compared with una-mended PDA. Conidial production was lowest on brown rice compared with white rice or white rice with nutsedge leaves. Peak production on grain media occurred from day 12 in test 1 (2.4 × 106 spores/g of grain) and on day 16 in test 2 (2.5 × 106 spores/g of grain). Germination rate of conidia produced on white rice was 50% compared with the near 100% germination of conidia produced on PDA or on white rice amended with potato dextrose broth (PDB). Conidia produced on white rice or PDA, when tested fresh or after two washings, were less virulent on C. rotundus than conidia from white rice amended with PDB. After four washings, conidia from all three media produced the same level of disease severity. White rice supplemented with PDB and PDA in trays were suitable for mass production of conidia of D. higginsii.

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