scholarly journals Hybridization in Four Nigerian Physalis (Linn.) Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekinat Okikiola AZEEZ ◽  
Julius Olaoye FALUYI
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Meiotic Irregularities ◽  
Physalis Angulata

Interspecific reciprocal crosses among four Nigerian Physalis species (Physalis angulata, P. micrantha, P. pubescens and P. peruviana) were carried out by transferring desired pollen grains to ovalate parents, bagged and labelled to prevent contamination by external pollen grains and for easy identification. Pollen cells of the F1 hybrid combination from the only viable cross (P. angulata x P. pubescens) were studied using standard cytogenetic techniques. The F1 hybrid obtained in the current investigation produced few flower buds and no matured fruit was harvested. Its average pollen grain diameter was found within the range of that of the two genitors and the pollen stainability was less than 50%. The hybrid was also characterized by meiotic irregularities. Based on the results obtained, the study concluded that P. pubescens is closely related to P. angulata and P. peruviana, while P. micrantha is more distant from them since the formal individuals were able to cross reciprocally among each other, though no matured fruit was produced except in one cross (P. angulata x P. pubescens).

scholarly journals Embryological studies of reciprocal crosses between Vicia faba and Vicia narbonensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Zenkteler ◽  
Mechtild Tegeder ◽  
Otto Schieder
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Globular Embryos ◽  
Vicia Narbonensis ◽  
Whole Number

A study was undertaken to asses the reciprocal crossability between <em>Vicia faba</em> and <em>Vicia narbonensis</em>. Flower buds or only ovaries of several varietes and genotypes were cross-pollinated in vivo (green house and field) and in vitro. Only few pollen tubes passed the style and entered into the ovary. On the whole number of 5320 cross pollinated in vivo and in vitro flowers and ovaries of <em>Vicia narbonensis</em> only 78 globular hybrid embryos were observed. After cross pollination in vivo of 3860 flower buds and ovaries of <em>Vicia faba</em> globular embryos developed in 124 ovules. The highest number of globular embryos were obtained when the <em>Vicia faba</em> line 1/33 was pollinated with <em>Vicia narbonensis</em> lines P3, P5, 150, SE.Embryogenesis proceeded till the 6-10 day after pollination, however, karyological disturbances in the cells of embryos and endosperm were often noticed at earlier stages. In vitro pollen grains of <em>Vicia faba</em> germinated on stigmas and ovaries of <em>Vicia narbonensis</em>, a significant increase in the growth of pollen tubes was noticed after ovary pollination. The technique of in vitro pollination was not suitable for <em>Vicia faba</em> as the inoculated explants died shortly after transferring onto the medium. The results indicate that finding a more suitable genotype for crossing may give a chance to obtain higher number of embryos (example line 1/33) - thus sufficient number for culturing them on media.

scholarly journals Palynological Studies of Three Taxa and One F1 Hybrid in the Genus Talinum Adans

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Oluwabunmi Okerinmola AROGUNDADE ◽  
Hameedat O. LAWAL
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pollen Size ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Shape ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Talinum Triangulare

Acetolysed pollen grains of Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn., Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. pink petals, Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. white petals and Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. pink and white petals F1 hybrid were studied in order to document their morphological structures and ascertain features of taxonomic significance among them. All the taxa have generic features which support their classification as a genus as well as distinct features which ascertain their individuality. Generic features include monad pollen unit, acolpate and monocolpate pollen grains as well as circular and ovate pollen shapes. The delimiting features include additional dyads pollen units in T. triangulare white petal and the F1 hybrid of T. triangulare pink and white petals, quadrangular pollen shape in T. paniculatum, bicolpate pollen grain in the F1 hybrid, tricolpate pollens in   T. triangulare white petal and T. paniculatum, tetracolpate pollens in T. triangulare pink petal and T. paniculatum and pentacolpate pollen grains in T. paniculatum only. The shape of the pores in T. paniculatum also separated it from the varieties and hybrid of T. triangulare. Based on the pollen size, the pollens of T. paniculatum are Media (25 - 50 µm) while those of the two varieties of T. triangulare and their F1 hybrid are Magna (50 - 100 µm). The taxa of Talinum in this study can be separated based on their palynological features.

scholarly journals Reproductive Traits of Hermaphroditic Muscadine Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A. Biasi ◽  
Patrick J. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Ethanesulfonic Acid

Native muscadines (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) are dioecious, but muscadine vineyards are usually planted with a mixture of female plants and hermaphroditic pollenizers. Hermaphroditic cultivars are derived from either of two separate sources original hermaphroditic plants, H1 or H2. Nine hermaphroditic and two female cultivars were studied to determine their potential as pollenizers. Inflorescences of each cultivar were collected in the field to evaluate the number of anthers per flower, the number of pollen grains per anther, and pollen viability and germination in the main and secondary flowering periods. The number of flower clusters per shoot ranged from one to four with most producing two or three flower clusters per shoot. The number of anthers per flower varied by cultivar and cluster position, but in general was between six and eight anthers per flower. ‘Noble’ showed the highest pollen grains production per anther and per flower, reaching 5777 and 39,860, respectively, in the first cluster and ‘Carlos’ produced the least amount of pollen. All cultivars that had secondary flowering showed lower pollen production per anther and per flower as compared with the main flowering period. Optimal muscadine pollen germination media contained 50 mg·L−1 boric acid, 145 mg·L−1 calcium nitrate, 188 g·L−1 sucrose, 10 g·L−1 agar, and 10 mm 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) pH 6.0. The pollen grain viability of hermaphroditic and female cultivars was high, but pollen grain germination was low in hermaphroditic cultivars and absent in female cultivars. H1-derived cultivars produced more flower buds per cluster and higher germination rates than H2-derived cultivars, indicating they may be better pollenizers. Chemical names used: 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES).

scholarly journals Species Identification of Pinus Pollen Found in Belukha Glacier, Russian Altai Mountains, Using a Whole-Genome Amplification Method

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Fumio Nakazawa ◽  
Yoshihisa Suyama ◽  
Satoshi Imura ◽  
Hideaki Motoyama
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Whole Genome Amplification ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genome Amplification ◽  
Amplification Method

Pollen taxa in sediment samples can be identified based on morphology. However, closely related species do not differ substantially in pollen morphology, and accurate identification is generally limited to genera or families. Because many pollen grains in glaciers contain protoplasm, genetic information obtained from pollen grains should enable the identification of plant taxa at the species level. In the present study, species identification of Pinus pollen grains was attempted using whole-genome amplification (WGA). We used pollen grains extracted from surface snow (depth, 1.8–1.9 m) from the Belukha glacier in the summer of 2003. WGA was performed using a single pollen grain. Some regions of the chloroplast genome were amplified by PCR, and the DNA products were sequenced to identify the pollen grain. Pinus includes approximately 111 recognized species in two subgenera, four sections, and 11 subsections. The tree species Pinus sibirica and P. sylvestris are currently found at the periphery of the glacier. We identified the pollen grains from the Belukha glacier to the level of section or subsection to which P. sibirica and P. sylvestris belong. Moreover, we specifically identified two pollen grains as P. sibirica or P. cembra. Fifteen species, including P. sibirica, were candidates for the remaining pollen grain.

scholarly journals Pollen characters as taxonomic evidence in some species of Dipsacaceae from Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebadi-Nahari Mostafa ◽  
Nikzat-Siahkolaee Sedigheh ◽  
Eftekharian Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Upgma Tree ◽  
Pollen Characters ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Taxon

Pollen morphology of nine species representing four genera: Cephalaria Schrad, Dipsacus L., Pterocephalus Vaill. and Scabiosa L. of the family Dipsacaceae in Iran has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that pollen grains were triporate and tricolpate. The pollen type of Scabiosa rotata Bieb. (tri- and tetraporate) is the first report in the world. The sizes of pollen grains fall into the classification group magna (pollen grain diameter 50–100 μm). Pollen shapes vary from preoblate to prolate and their polar views were triangulate and lobate. The exine ornamentation varies from gemmate in S. rotata to spinulate in the rest studied species. Species of Scabiosa have been dispersed in UPGMA tree that this confirmed the previous studies about taxonomic problems and species complexity in this genus. These results show the transfer of the some Scabisoa species to Lomelosia Raf. based on palynological characters. Pollen morphology of the family is helpful at the generic and specific level.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 129–136, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals Pollen, Tapetum, and Orbicule Development inColletia paradoxaandDiscaria americana(Rhamnaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gotelli ◽  
B. Galati ◽  
D. Medan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Grain Formation

Tapetum, orbicule, and pollen grain ontogeny inColletia paradoxaandDiscaria americanawere studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ultrastructural changes observed during the different stages of development in the tapetal cells and related to orbicule and pollen grain formation are described. The proorbicules have the appearance of lipid globule, and their formation is related to the endoplasmic reticulum of rough type (ERr). This is the first report on the presence of orbicules in the family Rhamnaceae. Pollen grains are shed at the bicellular stage.

scholarly journals Prunus necrotic ringspot virus Early Invasion and Its Effects on Apricot Pollen Grain Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Amari ◽  
Lorenzo Burgos ◽  
Vicente Pallas ◽  
María Amelia Sanchez-Pina
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus

The route of infection and the pattern of distribution of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) in apricot pollen were studied. PNRSV was detected both within and on the surface of infected pollen grains. The virus invaded pollen during its early developmental stages, being detected in pollen mother cells. It was distributed uniformly within the cytoplasm of uni- and bicellular pollen grains and infected the generative cell. In mature pollen grains, characterized by their triangular shape, the virus was located mainly at the apertures, suggesting that PNRSV distribution follows the same pattern as the cellular components required for pollen tube germination and cell wall tube synthesis. PNRSV also was localized inside pollen tubes, especially in the growth zone. In vitro experiments demonstrated that infection with PNRSV decreases the germination percentage of pollen grains by more than half and delays the growth of pollen tubes by ≈24 h. However, although PNRSV infection affected apricot pollen grain performance during germination, the presence of the virus did not completely prevent fertilization, because the infected apricot pollen tubes, once germinated, were able to reach the apricot embryo sacs, which, in the climatic conditions of southeastern Spain, mature later than in other climates. Thus, infected pollen still could play an important role in the vertical transmission of PNRSV in apricot.

scholarly journals Studies on the Structure of Flowers and Inflorescences of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cevriye MERT
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Conducting Tissue ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study reports on the arrangement of flower buds and structure of floral organs of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) cultivars local to Turkey. The local cultivars were investigated under stereo microscope, light microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that each node has two oppositely positioned buds on 1-year-old shoot. Inflorescences resembled the umbel structure that enclosed four (two sets of oppositely oriented) bud scales. The mean flower number varied between 16.3 and 19.9 per cluster among the cultivars. The flowers resembled the hermaphrodite type and one flower was found to have four rudimentary sepals, four petals, four stamens, and one pistil. The stamens were noted to be arranged around the base of the ovary. Each normal anther was observed to have two pollen-producing theca, and each theca was found to have two locules. The number of pollen grains per anther varied between 1380 and 4240 among the genotypes. The pistil was noted to have a deeply hollowed papillate stigmatic surface, and the central part of the style had conducting tissue. The ovarium part of the pistil was found to be surrounded by the nectary tissue, inferior type, and had two atropous ovules. The fruit resembled single-seeded, stone fruit type. This study is the first detailed study on the flower morphology and inflorescences of the cornelian cherry cultivars in Turkey.

scholarly journals Pollen tube incompatibility reaction on the stigma in selfpollinated Sinapis alba L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Śnieżko ◽  
Krystyna Winiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Incompatibility Reaction

After selfpollination of <em>Sinapis alba</em> L. pollen tubes growth is inhibited on the stigma. The pollen grains germinate 3-4 hours after pollination. The pollen give rise to one or more pollen tubes. They grow along the papillae. In the place of contact between the papilla and pollen tube the pellicula is digested. Then the direction of pollen tube growth changes completely. Pollen tubes grow back on the exine of their own pollen grain, or turn into the air. The pollen tubes growth was inhibited in 6-8 hours after selfpollination. After crosspollination usually there is no incompatibility reaction.

scholarly journals Reproductive characterization of interspecific hybrids among Capsicum species

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Karina Pereira de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
The Cross

The objective of this study was the reproductive characterization of Capsicum accessions as well as of interspecific hybrids, based on pollen viability. Hybrids were obtained between Capsicum species. Pollen viability was high in most accessions, indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. The pollen viability of species C. pubescens was the lowest (27 %). The interspecific hybrids had varying degrees of pollen viability, from fertile combinations (C. chinense x C. frutescens and C. annuum x C. baccatum) to male sterile combinations. Pollen viability also varied within the hybrid combination according to accessions used in the cross. Results indicate that male sterility is one of the incompatibility barriers among Capsicum species since hybrids can be established, but may be male sterile.

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