scholarly journals Epidemiology of Avian Ectoparasitic Infestations Diagnosed in Osun State Veterinary Hospitals, Southwest Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Shola D. OLA-FADUNSIN ◽  
Fufa I. GIMBA ◽  
Donea A. ABDULLAH ◽  
Mohammed KONTO
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Flea Infestation ◽  
Strategic Measures ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Local Chickens

Ectoparasitism is the most devastating parasitic condition of poultry after coccidiosis. The present study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with avian ectoparasitism in Osun State, Nigeria. Data was obtained from avian species presented at the major Veterinary Hospitals in Osun State between January 2006 and December 2015. A total of 4,584 avian species were presented in the period under review. Of the presented birds, 2,665 (58.14%) were young, while 1,919 (41.86%) were adults. One thousand nine hundred and ninety four (43.50%) were male and 2,590 (56.50%) were female. More birds (2,868, 62.57%) were presented during the wet season compared to the dry season (1,716, 37.43%). Turkeys 2,088 (45.55%) were the most frequently presented bird type, followed by layers 1,476 (32.20%) and local chickens 1,020 (22.25%). A total of 324 (7.07%) avian species were diagnosed for ectoparasitic infestations, of which lice infestation was the most prevalent (216, 4.71%) followed by flea infestation (72, 1.57%), tick infestation (24, 0.52%) and mite infestation (12, 0.26%). There was no defined pattern in the yearly and monthly prevalence of ectoparasite infestations. Age, sex, seasons and species were significantly associated (P<0.05) with the prevalence of ectoparasitic infestations. The study showed a low prevalence of ectoparasite infestations among avian species in the study area; however strategic measures should be taken to control these ectoparasites in Osun State, Nigeria, so as to maximize productivity in the poultry sector.

scholarly journals On the epidemiology of helminth parasites in Hangul Deer Cervus hanglu hanglu (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Cervidae) of Dachigam National Park, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17517-17520
Author(s):  
Naziya Khurshid ◽  
Hidayatullah Tak ◽  
Ruqeya Nazir ◽  
Kulsum Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Muniza Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Park ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dictyocaulus Viviparus ◽  
Dachigam National Park ◽  
One Year

A one-year study conducted to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors associated with helminth infection in Hangul Deer Cervus hanglu hanglu at Dachigam National Park revealed that 40.45% (89 of 220 samples) were infected with four helminth species including Heamonchus contortus, Trichuris ovis, Dictyocaulus viviparus, and Moneizia expansa.  The study signified that the infection was more prevalent during the dry season (summer and autumn) as compared to the wet season (winter and spring).  The overall prevalence of Heamonchus contortus was the highest (23.18%) followed by Trichuris ovis (8.18%), followed by Dictyocaulus viviparus (5.45%), and Moneizia expansa (3.63%).  The present study should be of importance in conserving the erstwhile state animal, listed as Critically Engendered in 2017 by IUCN.

Risk factors associated prevalence of hard tick in large ruminants of coastal areas of South Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmesh C. Patel ◽  
Jayesh B. Solanki ◽  
Niranjan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Large Animals

A total of 2617 large animals (1682 cattle and 935 buffaloes) of coastal districts (Bharuch, Surat, Navsari and Valsad) of South Gujarat were screened for tick infestation. The tick’s prevalence rate was (p less than 0.05) significantly higher in cross-breed (44.81%) as compared to indigenous cattle (22.93%)/ buffaloes (32.26%). Prevalence of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Hyalomma spp., Haemaphysalis spp. and mixed tick infestation was 57.80, 13.05, 20.32 and 8.83%, respectively. Infestation rate in large animals of less than 3 years had increased up to the level of 78.28%. Animals with poor body condition/ anaemia, kept in loose house (80.53%) and allowed group feeding (70.56%) had noted higher (p less than 0.05) prevalence rate of tick. Prevalence was highest in summer (41.84%) followed by rainy (40.65%) and winter (17.50%) season. It is quite demanding to know the area-wise prevalence of the hard ticks infecting animals.

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in Afro-descendants: a study of the Quilombola communities in Maranhão, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo Lacerda Barbosa ◽  
José Bonifácio Barbosa ◽  
Luis Felipe Alves Guerra ◽  
Mirza Ferreira Lima Barbosa ◽  
Felipe Lacerda Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Prevalence

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors associated with dyslipidemia in Quilombola communities in Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed from February 2010 to November 2011. A total of 202 individuals belonging to the Quilombola communities in Codó, Maranhão were assessed. Risk factors associated with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (MS) were evaluated. Results: the results showed a high prevalence of dyslipidemia (72.28%) and hypertension (43.07%). Isolated hypertriglyceridemia (38.61%) with normal levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was present in most individuals. Furthermore, the prevalence of MS and the estimated cardiovascular risks were low in this population. Conclusion: dyslipidemia, at the expense of triglycerides, and hypertension was highly prevalent. However, the frequency of other risk factors for cardiovascular events was low. A low prevalence of MS and cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham score for cardiovascular diseases was also identified.

scholarly journals Prevalence and herd-level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in the State of Paraná, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Do Carmo Pessôa Silva ◽  
Vítor Salvador Picão Gonçalves ◽  
Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar Mota ◽  
Mariza Koloda ◽  
José Soares Ferreira Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
The State ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Low Prevalence

Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonosis with worldwide distribution. Its control has a direct impact on public health and livestock production. This study estimated the prevalence of infected herds and adult bovines and evaluated risk factors associated with the presence of tuberculosis within herds in the state of Paraná. The state was divided in seven livestock regions and independent sampling was performed. A total of 1,419 farms were sampled and 16,045 animals were tested using the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin diagnostic test. The apparent and estimated prevalence rates in farms and adult bovine animals were 2.15% (95% CI: 1.31-3.00) and 0.42% (95% CI: 0.04-0.81), respectively. It was not possible to state with 95% confidence that the disease prevalence in any region was significantly different from that in other regions. There were no positive animals in the western region, and the prevalence of positive herds and animals in the other regions ranged from 1.03% to 3.89% and 0.17% to 1.08%, respectively. The logistic regression model identified larger herd size (OR = 2.4) and mechanical cmilking (OR = 5.18) as risk factors associated with the presence of bovine tuberculosis. The combination of low prevalence with risk factors associated to larger herds and more intensive dairy farming, renders the state of Paraná a good candidate for the implementation of industry-based free-herd accreditation schemes and makes a case for planning risk-based surveillance targeted at major dairy basins.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for bovine brucellosis in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Diniz Baumgarten ◽  
Flávio Pereira Veloso ◽  
José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho ◽  
Fernando Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
The State ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Property A ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Implementing Strategies ◽  
Significant Effort

A study was conducted to verify that the State of Santa Catarina has maintained a low prevalence of bovine brucellosis, which would allow the state to move forward with implementing strategies for disease eradication. The state was divided into five regions. In each region, a predetermined number of randomly selected properties was sampled. In each property, blood samples were collected from randomly selected cows with ages equal to or greater than 24 months. Sera from the animals were submitted to a serial testing protocol, with screening by the buffered acidified antigen test and confirmation by the 2-mercaptoethanol test. In each property, a questionnaire was used to identify the risk factors associated with the disease. In the state, the prevalence rate of infected herds was 0.912% [0.297 - 2.11] and infected animals was 1.21% [0.09 - 4.97]. Relative to the earlier study in 2002, there was no difference. The risk factors associated with the condition of a herd infected with brucellosis were as follows: herd size ? 12 cows (OR = 7.47 [2.14 - 34.34]) and the presence of flooded areas (OR = 5.68 [1.62 - 26.13]). In view of the low prevalence, it is recommended that the state proceed with the implementation of eradication strategies that are based on a surveillance system structured to detect and eliminate infected herds, and supported by an effective compensation fund for the replacement of seropositive animals. Additionally, the State should make a significant effort to educate and supervise producers to ensure the testing of breeding animals for brucellosis before introducing them into their properties.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with African swine fever on pig farms in southwest Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Jolaoluwa Awosanya ◽  
Babasola Olugasa ◽  
Gabriel Ogundipe ◽  
Yrjo Tapio Grohn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

scholarly journals Prevalence and husbandry-related risk factors of myiasis in domestic cavies in the western highlands of Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. KOUAM ◽  
F. MEUTCHIEYE ◽  
E. MIEGOUE ◽  
T. T. NGUAFACK ◽  
J. TCHOUMBOUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cordylobia Anthropophaga ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Low Prevalence

SUMMARYThe presence of parasites on the farm can be a cause of losses in animal production, and often a threat to public health. A cross-sectional study was carried out in rural areas of the western highlands of Cameroon to determine the prevalence and husbandry-related risk factors associated with Cordylobia anthropophaga infestations in domestic cavies. The overall prevalence of myiasis in animals was 2·80% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·50–5·10]; myiasis was found in 2% and 4·30% animals in Menoua and Bamboutos divisions, respectively. Eleven farms (8·95%) in total were infested with C. anthropophaga, with 6·41% and 13·34% of farms in the Menoua and Bamboutos divisions, respectively. The relative risk of infestation within each factor showed that the risk of myiasis in animals kept in kitchen compartments without litter was 6·16 times higher (95% CI 1·71–22·29, P = 0·04) than in animals kept in kitchens and house floors. Despite the low prevalence, the burden of cordylobiasis needs to be assessed. It is assumed that the risk of humans acquiring the disease is higher in farmers keeping cavies in kitchen compartments without litter. Farmers need to be educated on control measures to reduce the risk of infestation, which include both sanitation and medical (larvae extraction) measures.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE STATUS OF BOVINE TICK INFESTATION, IN GUBA-KORICHA DISTRICT IN WEST HARARGHE ZONE, EAST - ETHIOPIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Henok Ababa ◽  
Tsegaye Negese ◽  
Bekele Birru ◽  
Kifle Nigusu ◽  
Shibire Araya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2010 to April 2011 to determining the prevalence of tick infestation, to identify the common tick species in cattle and to assess the major risk factors associated with the occurrence of tick species in Guba koricha district West Hararghe zone of Oromia regional state, southeast Ethiopia. Ticks were collected by searching and half body of animals using forceps on different regions of the animals’ body. A total sample of 384 cattle, 234 were found to be infested by one or more tick species an overall prevalence of 60.9%. The most predominant isolated ticks species in this study were R. pullchelus with isolation rate of 49.4% followed A. Varigatum with isolation rate of 30.3%, H. marginatum rufipes, the third predominant with isolation rate 11.8%.  However, A. gemma, H. trucatum and R. Evertsi-evertsi was the least isolate which accounts for 3.6%, 2.4% and 2.35% respectively. Age, sex and body conditions scoring were found to be important risk factors associated with tick infestation. The prevalence of tick infestation between age and sex was statistically significant (X2=32.3075, CI=0.1323358-0265075, P=0.000 andX2=5.117, CI=0.1953184-0.0061713, P=0.037) respectively. However, breed and body condition were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Hereof, Ticks are obligate, blood feeding ecto-parasites that cause severe damage to the hides and skins of domestic cattle due to this reduce the foreign exchange of the country; and transmit tick borne diseases. Therefore, effective tick control programs should be formulated and implemented at national or regional level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document