scholarly journals Inoculation with Clariodeoglomus etunicatum improves leaf food quality of tea exposed to P stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12166
Author(s):  
Jin-Li CAO ◽  
Ya-Dong SHAO ◽  
Ying-Ning ZOU ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
Tian-Yuan YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Caffeine Synthase ◽  
Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Clariodeoglomus etunicatum, on leaf food quality and relevant gene expression levels of tea (Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Fuding Dabaicha’) seedlings exposed to 0.5 μM P (P0.5) and 50 μM P (P50) levels. Twenty-four weeks later, the seedlings recorded higher root mycorrhizal fungal colonization in P50 than in P0.5. AMF-inoculated tea plants represented significantly higher leaf fructose and glucose contents and lower sucrose content than non-inoculated plants, irrespective of substate P levels. AMF treatment also increased total amino acids content in P0.5 and P50, accompanied with higher expression of glutamate dehydrogenase (CsGDH) and lower expression of glutamine synthetase (CsGS) and glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (CsGOGAT). The total flavonoid content was higher in mycorrhizal versus non-mycorrhizal plants under P0.5 and P50, together with induced expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (CsPAL) and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (CsC4H). Mycorrhizal fungal inoculation improved catechins content, which is due to the up-regulated expression of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (CsF3H), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (CsF3'H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (CsDFR), leucoanthocyanidin reductase (CsLAR), anthocyanidin reductase (CsANR), and chalcone isomerase (CsCHI) under P0.5. However, under P50, the gene involved in catechins synthesis was not affected or down-regulated by mycorrhization, implying a complex mechanism (e.g. nutrient improvement). AMF also inhibited the tea caffeine synthase 1 (CsTCS1) expression regardless of P levels. Therefore, the results of this study concluded that inoculation with C. etunicatum improves leaf food quality of tea exposed to P stress, but the improved mechanisms were different between P0.5 and P50.

Effectiveness and persistence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the physiology, nutrient uptake and yield of Crimson seedless grapevine

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 1084-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. NICOLÁS ◽  
J. F. MAESTRE-VALERO ◽  
J. J. ALARCÓN ◽  
F. PEDRERO ◽  
J. VICENTE-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Second Year

SUMMARYIn the present study, carried out in South-eastern Spain, a commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF;Glomus iranicumvar.tenuihypharumsp.nova) was introduced through drip irrigation to inoculate Crimson grapevines. Their effects on the physiological and nutritional activity were evaluated for 2 years (2011–12). Additionally, during the second year of experimentation, the persistence of mycorrhizae on the grapevine and their effects were innovatively analysed.The AMF satisfactorily colonized the Crimson grapevine roots, improved the plants water status, induced an improvement in the photosynthetic performance that increased the water use efficiency, promoted the uptake of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) and led to a mobilization of starch reserves in the apex in winter, which was possibly responsible for enhancing root development. Moreover, inoculated plants had significantly increased yield and improved quality of grapes, which led to early grape maturation. Overall, the persistent effect of AMF during the second year produced similar positive effects, although to a lesser extent, to those obtained in the inoculated treatment.The results found in the present study show that this AMF application technique can be recommended for sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas. Moreover, as a result of the competition with the native mycorrhizae, periodic monitoring of the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization and re-inoculation in order to obtain all the positive effects evidenced in the inoculated treatment is recommended.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Improves Leaf Food Quality of Tea Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Dong SHAO ◽  
De-Jian ZHANG ◽  
Xian-Chun HU ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
Chang-Jun JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Tea Polyphenol ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Tea (Camellia sinensis) plants inhabit arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rhizosphere, whereas it is not clear whether AMF improves leaf food quality of tea plants. A potted study was conducted to determine effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora spurca, D. versiformis and a mixture of the three AMF species on leaf sugar, amino acid, soluble protein, tea polyphenol, catechuic acid, and flavonoid contents of Camellia sinensis ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ seedlings. After 12 weeks of AMF inoculation, mycorrhizal plants recorded significantly higher shoot biomass and total leaf area, whilst the effect was ranked as C. etunicatum > D. spurca > mixed-AMF > D. versiformis in the decreasing order. AMF treatments significantly increased leaf total amino acid concentrations, accompanied with up-regulation of amino acid synthetic enzymes genes glutamine synthetase (CsGS), glutamate synthase (CsGOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (CsGDH). Leaf glucose, sucrose, total soluble protein, tea polyphenol, catechuic acid, and flavonoid contents were significantly higher in AMF- than in non-AMF-inoculated plants. In addition, mycorrhizal inoculation notably up-regulated the expression level of leaf 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme gene (CsHMGR), ascorbate peroxidase gene (CsAPX), and tea caffeine synthase 1 gene (CsTCS1). These results implied that AMF inoculation had positive effects on leaf food quality partly by means of up-regulation of relevant gene expression in ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ seedlings.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Genetic Exchange in an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Results in Increased Rice Growth and Altered Mycorrhiza-Specific Gene Transcription

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 6510-6515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Colard ◽  
Caroline Angelard ◽  
Ian R. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rice Growth

ABSTRACTArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts with most terrestrial plants. They improve plant nutrition, particularly phosphate acquisition, and thus are able to improve plant growth. In exchange, the fungi obtain photosynthetically fixed carbon. AMF are coenocytic, meaning that many nuclei coexist in a common cytoplasm. Genetic exchange recently has been demonstrated in the AMFGlomus intraradices, allowing nuclei of differentGlomus intraradicesstrains to mix. Such genetic exchange was shown previously to have negative effects on plant growth and to alter fungal colonization. However, no attempt was made to detect whether genetic exchange in AMF can alter plant gene expression and if this effect was time dependent. Here, we show that genetic exchange in AMF also can be beneficial for rice growth, and that symbiosis-specific gene transcription is altered by genetic exchange. Moreover, our results show that genetic exchange can change the dynamics of the colonization of the fungus in the plant. Our results demonstrate that the simple manipulation of the genetics of AMF can have important consequences for their symbiotic effects on plants such as rice, which is considered the most important crop in the world. Exploiting natural AMF genetic variation by generating novel AMF genotypes through genetic exchange is a potentially useful tool in the development of AMF inocula that are more beneficial for crop growth.

scholarly journals Inoculation with Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobacteria Alters Nutrient Allocation and Flowering of Harlequin Flower

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Scagel
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Shoot Emergence

We assessed whether addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculum or rhizosphere organisms from AMF inoculum alters aspects of flowering, corm production, or corm quality of harlequin flower (Sparaxis tricolor) for two growth cycles after inoculation. Using pasteurized and nonpasteurized growth medium, plants were inoculated with either inoculum of the AMF, Glomus intraradices, or washings of the inoculum containing rhizobacteria. Shoots of plants inoculated with AMF emerged 2 days earlier than shoots on noninoculated plants or plants inoculated with inoculum washings. Flowers on AMF-inoculated plants opened 7-8 days earlier and plants produced more flowers per plant and per inflorescence than noninoculated plants. AMF-inoculated plants partitioned a higher proportion of biomass to cormel production than to daughter corms and had higher concentration and contents of zinc, sulfur, nitrogen, amino acids, and carbohydrates than corms from noninoculated plants. The rhizosphere organisms associated with the AMF inoculum influenced several measures of plant development, growth, and corm production suggesting that there are organisms associated with our AMF inoculum that have beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of harlequin flower. While inoculation with AMF can promote shoot emergence, leaf production, and flower production of harlequin flower, inoculation also alters aspects of biomass partitioning and corm composition that play an important role in the production of this crop for corms and cormels.

scholarly journals Growth and quality parameters of Tea (Camellia sinensis) mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-239
Author(s):  
Animesh Sarkar ◽  
Md. Musfiqur Rahman ◽  
Jayanto Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Md H. Rashid ◽  
Md. Musfiqur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Natural Condition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation not only increases the growth but also improves the quality of many commercial plants.  Tea (Camellia sinensis) plants were grown on different growth medium (with and without AMF inoculation) and the chemical properties of the leaves were assayed and compared. The growth media were sterilized soil with AMF, sterilized soil, natural soil inoculated with AMF, natural soil, and natural soil in natural condition with AMF. The highest root colonization (23 %) was found in tea plants grown on natural soil with AMF, whereas no colonization was found in the sterilized soil treatment. The highest level of leaf chlorophyll-a (2.74±0.06 μg.mL-1), chlorophyll-b (1.77±0.03 μg.mL-1) and carotenoid (0.35±0.01 μg.mL-1) contents were found in tea plants grown on natural soil under natural condition with AMF. The highest polyphenol concentration (64.46 mg.L-1) was found in natural soil inoculated with AMF whereas the lowest (38.09 mg.L-1) was recorded in sterilized soil. The highest contents of tannin (30.34 mg.mL-1) and reducing sugar (46.61 mg.L-1) were recorded in plants grown on natural soil under natural condition with AMF and the lowest values (21.22 mg.mL-1, 33.16 mg.L-1, respectively) in sterilized soil treatment. Though antioxidant properties (% scavenging effect) did not differed due to treatments, the highest IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) concentration (3.16 μg.mL-1) was recorded in tea plants grown on natural soil under natural condition with AMF. The study concludes that AMF inoculation improves the quality of tea leaves.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi in Rooting Substrate Influences the Quantity and Quality of Roots on Stem Cuttings of Hick's Yew

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Scagel ◽  
K. Reddy ◽  
J.M. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

In a commercial nursery propagation system for hick's yew (Taxu×media `Hicksii'), we assessed whether or not the addition of inoculum of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (VAMF) Glomus intraradices into the rooting substrate during cutting propagation increased rooting, and how the quantity of inoculum influenced rooting. At 15 and 22 weeks (108 and 156 d) after cuttings were treated with root hormones and stuck, root initiation was higher on cuttings stuck in the rooting substrate containing VAMF inoculum. Increasing the quantity of inoculum in the rooting substrate increased root growth during the early stages of rooting. However the highest level of inoculum tested increased adventitious root initiation without increased root growth. Our results indicate that if VAMF inoculum is used during propagation from cuttings, there are optimal levels required to alter the initiation and growth of roots. For hick's yew, 1:100 or 2:100 (by volume) rates of G. intraradices in the rooting substrate increased the number of primary roots and growth of adventitious roots on cuttings above that achieved by using rooting hormone alone.

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