scholarly journals Intercropping of Faba Bean with Barley at Various Spatial Arrangements Affects Dry Matter and N Yield, Nitrogen Nutrition Index, and Interspecific Competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1116-1127
Author(s):  
Christos A. DORDAS ◽  
Anastasios S. LITHOURGIDIS ◽  
Kalliopi GALANOPOULOU
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
N Yield

Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crop species on the same area of land, and can improve yield, forage quality, and soil health. Despite the fact that intercropping is an old practice, it received significant attention the last years because of the environmental impact that it has. However, the effect of the various spatial arrangements of the different species that are used in an intercropping system was not determined. The objective of the present study was to study the yield, growth and nitrogen (N) uptake rate, N nutrition index (NNI) of barley, interspecific competition, quality and financial outcome of intercrops of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. equina) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with various spatial arrangements (1:1, 2:2, 2:1 alternate rows, and mixed in the same row). The land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (K), actual yield loss (AYL) and system productivity index (SPI) values were greater for the FB:B intercrop of 2:1, indicating the advantage of intercropping in terms of dry matter and N yield. Sole cropping of barley showed a reduction in NNI by 7 %, whereas NNI for barley increased by an average of 14% in intercropping treatments. Based on biomass production and the competition indices for dry matter and N yield, and NNI the FB:B intercrop of 2:1 was more advantageous than faba bean and barley monocrops, as well as the other intercropping treatments that were tested.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Competition Indices of Safflower and Faba Bean Intercrops as Affected by Fertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Mahmoodreza SAEIDI ◽  
Yaghoub RAEI ◽  
Rouhollah AMINI ◽  
Akbar TAGHIZADEH ◽  
Bahman PASBAN-ESLAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Sole Cropping

Cropping systems of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under different fertility were compared with sole cropping of each crop during 2015 and 2016 at the Research Farm of Tabriz University in Iran. The treatments were cropping systems (safflower and faba bean sole croppings, intercropping systems of safflower and faba bean with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1), and nutrient levels (100% chemical fertilizers, 60%, 30% chemical + biofertilizers and no fertilizer). A factorial set of treatments based on a randomized complete block design replicated three times was used. Cropping system and fertility effects were significant for yield and yield components of each crop. Yield and yield components were increased with the integrated use of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers for both years, while seed yield was reduced by intercropping. Maximum land equivalent ratio (LER), relative value total (RVT), system productivity index (SPI) and monetary advantage index (MAI) were achieved in nutritive level of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers as intercropped plants in ratio of 1:1 for both years. The total actual yield loss (AYL) values were positive and greater than zero in all mixtures, indicating an advantage from intercropping over sole crops. Intercropped safflower had a higher relative crowding coefficient (RCC) than intercropped faba bean, indicating that safflower was more competitive than faba bean in intercropping systems. From this study, it is inferred that intercropping (safflower and faba bean) with integrated use of the reduced chemical and biofertilizers may give better overall yield and income than sole cropping of each crop species.

Using simple RGB Camera to estimate Nitrogen Uptake, Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI) and critical Nitrogen: Spring wheat case study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiftah Ben-Asher
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition Index ◽  
Grain Unit

<p>The first Nc dilution curve was based on dry matter (DM) power function. This model is limited to  point of singularity near zero. Another disadvantage was that it required meaasurements of DM which is time and labor consuming. Alternatively we proposed a logistic model that starts at zero and on the abscissa assumed a linear relationship between days after emergence (DAE) and DM throughout the relevant stages of wheat growth cycle.  </p><p>The Objectives of this study were to: 1) To demonstrate the feasibility of digital camera to replace laboratory tests. 2) To Determine critical N (Nc) and Nitrogen nutrition Index(NNI) of spring wheat and 3) Use N% and dry matter yield in order to calculate N uptake by wheat. This last is expected to be a tool to calculate the required amount of nitrogen to obtain maximum yield.</p><p>Wheat experiments were conducted in greenhouse lysimeters. Varied rates of N fertilizer (equivalent to 0–180 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) and several  cultivars varying from shortest to longest ripening growth period. Nc reduced gradually from about 6% to 2%  ( =60-20 gr/Kg) when DM increased with DAE  from 0 to 14,000 kg/ha during 80 growing days.  NNI was stable and clearly distinct between   maximal index (1.0  and minimal index (0.2) when (DAE) was about 60;   Photographs succeeded to replicate laboratory measurements and obtained a linear regression curve with a unity  slop and r<sup>2</sup>=0.93. Nitrogen.  use efficiency (NUE) ranged from 50 to 65 kg  DM/unit N and from 30 to 50 Kg grain /unit N .</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of yield, quality and nitrogen index of Agrostietum capillaris grassland as affected by fertilizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Savo Vuckovic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Rade Stanisavljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition Index ◽  
Yield Quality

Managing N, P and K inputs in semi-natural meadow production systems is important for achieving maximum yields in livestock farming. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effect of different NPK levels (N0P0K0, N50P50K50, N100P50K50, N100P100K100, N150P100K100 and N200P150K150 kg ha-1 yr-1) on the yield, quality and nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) in a grassland community of Agrostietum capillaris (semi-natural meadow) in western Serbia. The study was conducted during the seasons of 2005-2008. The values of the investigated parameters, except for the unit N uptake, were the highest in 2004/2005 due to favorable climate conditions. The levels of nitrogen significantly increased all of the studied parameters compared to the control treatment, except for unit N uptake. Mineral fertilizers at N200P150K150 provided the highest green forage yield (25.12 t ha-1), dry matter yield (8.12 t ha-1), crude protein yield (876.3 kg ha-1), nitrogen uptake (140.2 kg ha-1) and nitrogen nutrition index (70.2%), and the lowest unit N uptake (0.0022 kg N kg DMY-1). The use of mineral fertilizers increased green forage yield, dry matter yield and crude protein yield, increasing fertilizer from lowest to highest rate increased fresh and dry matter yield, as well as protein yield. Based on the results of the study, monitoring of nutrition indices would be necessary in order to increase productivity and economic benefits.

Effects of soil drought during the generative development phase on seed yield and nutrient uptake of faba bean (Vicia faba)

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Xia
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
K Concentration

The effects of periods of drought during different phases of reproductive growth of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cv. Xichang Dabai were investigated in a pot experiment at Xichang Agricultural College, China. Parameters were total dry matter; seed yield; yield components; concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; and total uptake in different organs. All drought treatments decreased total dry matter production and seed yield per plant. Plants subjected to drought from initiation of pod-set to full pod-set (stage D4) produced 32% less total dry matter and 45% less seed yield than the irrigated control. Mean seed weight was a relatively stable yield component. Statistical analysis indicated that only plants subjected to drought at stages D4 and D5 (drought from full pod-set to maturity) had a significantly (P < 0·05) lower mean seed weight than the control. The nutrient concentration was generally high in the younger or more active organs of faba bean, and comparing the nutrients, the N concentration in leaves, stems, flowers, pods, and grain was greatest, followed by K concentration, and P concentration was least. All soil drought treatments decreased the nutrient concentration in various organs after 17–19 days of drought. However, the decreases at maturity were less clear, except the nutrient concentrations in stems and leaves. Water deficit significantly decreased total grain nutrients per plant, the decreases being 34–45% for N uptake, 34–47% for P uptake, and 33–46% for K uptake. Simple linear correlations with the P and K concentration in leaves at maturity and number of pods and seeds per plant gave a correlation coefficient (r) of 0·804–0·874.

Effects of strobilurin fungicide programmes and fertilizer nitrogen rates on winter wheat: leaf area, dry matter yield and nitrogen yield

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ISHIKAWA ◽  
M. C. HARE ◽  
P. S. KETTLEWELL
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicide ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

SUMMARYFour field experiments were conducted on wheat, using the bread-making cultivar Hereward, over 3 years to study the interactions between nitrogen (N) and strobilurin fungicides with respect to yield and grain N. In one of the field experiments, above-ground dry matter (DM) yield was greater when the plots were treated with a mixture of triazole and strobilurin than when either no fungicide or triazole alone was applied. On plots that received no N fertilizer, above-ground DM and grain yield were lower for the plots treated with fungicides than for plots not treated with fungicide, which implied that the benefit of applying fungicides could only be exploited with N fertilization. There was no difference in above-ground N accumulation between fungicide programmes; however, greater N accumulation in grains was observed following the application of a mixture of triazole and the strobilurin trifloxystrobin compared with plots treated with either no fungicide or triazole alone. This increase in grain N appeared to be attributable more to improved translocation of N to grains rather than to increased N uptake from the soil. The two strobilurin fungicide ingredients kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin, each mixed with a triazole and tested in the present study, performed differently. Better performance, especially with respect to grain N yield, was observed most frequently with trifloxystrobin compared to kresoxim-methyl.

DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION IN NO-TILL WINTER WHEAT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. DARROCH ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
N Concentration

Norstar winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was examined in 11 trials with the objective of determining the pattern of dry matter and nitrogen (N) accumulation in dryland stubbled-in winter wheat grown in Saskatchewan. In all 4 yr of this study, replicated no-till field trials were supplemented with 0, 34, 67 and 100 kg N ha−1 applied as ammonium nitrate (34-0-0) in early spring. A fifth treatment of 200 kg N ha−1 was evaluated in the final year of trials. Plant samples were collected at 2-wk intervals. Early season N uptake was more rapid than dry matter accumulation and 89% of the total N, compared to 70% of the total dry matter, was present at anthesis (Zadoks growth stages 60–68). Poor soil moisture availability limited N uptake after anthesis. Consequently, N uptake during the growing season was best described by a quadratic equation, Nitrogen yield = −29.1 + 3.02 Z − 0.018 Z2, where Z represents the Zadoks growth stage. Nitrogen concentrations of the stems and leaves decreased during the growing season while the N concentration of spikes varied among trials. Nitrogen fertilization often produced large increases in tissue N concentration at the beginning of the growing season. These differences decreased with time and by the end of the season tissue N concentrations were usually similar for all N rates. In general, when residual soil N levels were low to intermediate and rainfall was adequate, N fertilization increased dry matter yield, plant N yield, grain yield and grain protein yield. Nitrogen fertilization increased plant N concentration, plant N yield, grain protein concentration and grain protein yield when soil N reserves were intermediate to high and rainfall was adequate.Key words: Nitrogen uptake, wheat (winter), nitrogen response, tissue nitrogen, grain protein, environment

Growth dynamics and agronomic-economic benefits of pea - oat and pea - barley intercrops

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos A. Dordas ◽  
Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽  
Anastasios S. Lithourgidis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
Economic Indices

Pea (Pisum arvense L.) is an important legume in many areas of the world, which is used for forage and grain production and could be used in intercropping systems. Intercropping of pea with oat (Avena sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), in two seeding ratios 60 : 40 and 80 : 20, was compared with pea and two cereal monocrops for two growing seasons (2008–10), at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. The effect of the intercropping systems was determined on growth rate, plant height, chlorophyll content, DM, and N yield. Also, several competition and economic indices were used to evaluate the intercropping systems, such as land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (K), aggressivity (A), competitive ratio (CR), actual yield loss (AYL), system productivity index (SPI), monetary advantage index (MAI), and intercropping advantage (IA). Growth rate of pea and cereals was lower by an average of 39 and 64%, respectively, in the intercrops than in the monocrops. DM yield was the highest in barley monocrop (13.00 Mg ha–1) followed by P80O20 intercrop (11.73 Mg ha–1). Pea monocrop, and P80O20 and P80B20 intercrops showed the highest crude protein (CP) concentration (137, 132 and 130 g kg–1 DM, respectively), whereas P80O20 intercrop also produced the highest CP yield (1552 kg ha–1). The LER, K, and AYL values (average 1.09, 1.75 and 0.29, respectively), were greater for both pea-oat intercrops compared with the pea-barley intercrops (average 0.98, 0.92 and 0.06, respectively), indicating that in these systems there was an advantage of intercropping for exploiting the resources of the environment. The A, CR, and partial AYL values in all intercrops were greater for oat and barley than pea, which indicated that cereals were more competitive partners than pea. The highest MAI, IA, and SPI values were recorded for P80O20 followed by P60O40 intercrops indicating that these intercropping systems were the most profitable. The results from this study showed that both pea-oat intercrops were more productive with high CP yield, and also they showed the best land-use efficiency.

CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND LAND-USE EFFICIENCY OF A TEFF/FABA BEAN MIXED CROPPING SYSTEM IN A TROPICAL HIGHLAND ENVIRONMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
GETACHEW AGEGNEHU ◽  
AMARE GHIZAW ◽  
WOLDEYESUS SINEBO
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Mixed cropping of teff (Eragrostis tef) with faba bean (Vicia faba) was compared with sole cropping in the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons at Holetta Research Centre, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The treatments were sole teff (25 kg seed ha−1), sole faba bean (200 kg seed ha−1) and 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5 % of the sole seed rate of faba bean mixed with a full teff seed rate. A randomized complete block design replicated four times was used. Treatment effects were significant for seed and biomass yields of each crop species. Increasing the seed rate of faba bean in teff/faba bean mixture increased faba bean seed yield but decreased teff grain yield. Nonetheless, mixed cropping of faba bean with teff increased land use efficiency and gave higher total yields compared to growing either species in sole culture. Teff yield equivalent, land equivalent ratios (LERs) and system productivity index (SPI) of the mixtures exceeded those of sole crops especially when the seed rate of faba bean in the mixture was increased to 50 kg ha−1 (25 %) or more. The relatively high crowding coefficient values indicated yield advantages from mixed cropping of the two species. The highest values of teff yield equivalent, LER and SPI were obtained when faba bean was mixed at a rate of 62.5 % with the full seed rate of teff. We suggest that, at the current prices of the respective crops, up to 62.5 % of faba bean can be mixed in normal teff to get better total yield and income than sole culture of either species.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Nodulation and Nitrogen Nutrition of Leguminous Crops by Selected Heavy Metals

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S21098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir A. Haddad ◽  
M. Ali Tabatabai ◽  
Abdel-Moneim A. Abdel-Moneim ◽  
Thomas E. Loynachan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Leguminous Crops

This work studied the effects, under greenhouse conditions, of six heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb) on three leguminous crops representing food, feed, and forage crops commonly grown in Egypt. Metal concentrations ranged from 0 to as high as 4.8 mmol kg−1 soil. Results showed that all three plant parameters measured (dry matter yield, nodulation, and N uptake) decreased significantly with increasing heavy-metal concentrations. Plots of the natural log of each parameter against metal concentration were linear within the ranges studies. From the slopes of these regression lines, the concentration of each heavy metal required to achieve 50% reduction ( R50) of each parameter was calculated. In general, the lowest metal concentrations for R50 were for Cd2+ and Pb2+ and the highest were for Cr3+ and Cu2+. Heavy-metal additions to soils should be closely monitored because they can negatively affect nodulation and N nutrition of leguminous crops.

FORAGE YIELD, PROTEIN CONCENTRATION AND INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION IN RED PEA-CEREAL INTERCROPS

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. VLACHOSTERGIOS ◽  
C. A. DORDAS ◽  
A. S. LITHOURGIDIS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Lathyrus Cicera

SUMMARYRed pea (Lathyrus cicera L.) is an underutilized protein crop with broad adaptability. Intercrops of red pea with winter cereals have not been studied. A two years field study was conducted with the objective to determine the productivity of intercropping systems of red pea with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) in two seeding ratios (60:40 and 80:20). Growth rate, dry matter yield, protein content and yield were determined. Several indices were used to evaluate the intercropping systems and analyse competition and interrelationships between mixture components. Growth rate of cereals was lower in the mixtures than in the monocrops. Dry matter yield were the highest in barley monocrop and its intercrop with red pea at 60:40 seeding ratio. Red pea monocrop showed the highest crude protein concentration followed by its intercrops. The land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient (K), actual yield loss (AYL) and system productivity index values were greater for the red pea-barley 60:40 mixture, indicating an advantage of intercropping. The partial K, aggressivity, competitive ratio and partial AYL values indicated red pea as the dominated species in the intercrops. The highest monetary advantage value was recorded for the red pea-barley mixture (60:40). The results indicate that red pea-barley mixture (60:40) was the most productive and produced better forage quality and thus could be adopted by the farmers as alternative option for forage production.

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