scholarly journals Rapid Propagation of Sweet and Sour Cherry Rootstocks

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
DuÅ¡ica DORIC ◽  
Vladislav OGNJANOV ◽  
Mirjana LJUBOJEVIC ◽  
Goran BARAC ◽  
Jovana DULIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Phenyl Acetate ◽  
Aseptic Culture ◽  
Double Phase ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Phase Medium ◽  
Germplasm Diversity ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks

The paper presents a protocol for micropropagation of Prunus sp. rootstocks included in the sweet and sour cherry breeding program. Germplasm diversity for rootstock breeding derives from natural populations, where conditions and biological vectors for systematic infection with viral diseases are constantly present. The establishment of aseptic culture depends primarily on the explant type, as all selections were collected from natural habitat. For nearly all investigated selections, dormant buds were the favored source, due to enabling rosette initiation in more than 58% cases. In P. cerasus L. selections, 100% contamination was noted when shoot tips were used as an explant source. Significant influence of the double-phase medium on the number and height of multiplied shoots was observed in the standard cherry rootstock, ‘Gisela 6’. For P. fruticosa Pall., selection ‘SV1’ and ‘SV2’, and P. cerasus ‘D6’ selection, the double-phase medium also had a significant effect on the height of multiplied shoots, when compared to solid DKW (Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut) medium. Genetic variability of selections within the investigated species resulted in variable plant rooting success. Adding Fe-EDDHA (Ethylenediamine di-2-hydroxy-phenyl acetate ferric) in the 200 mg l-1 concentration to the rooting medium significantly enhanced the percentage of rooted plants. The highest rooting percentage was noted for ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘D6’ genotype at 1 mgl-1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), while 0.8 mgl-1 was the optimum concentration for P. mahaleb L. ‘M1’ selection. P. fruticosa genotypes required significantly higher IBA concentration for rooting (2.5 and 3.5 mg l-1).

scholarly journals In vitro arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) multiplication in double phase medium

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Claudia Marcela Lopez D. ◽  
Isidro Elias Suarez P.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Fresh Medium ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Double Phase ◽  
Medium System ◽  
Phase Medium ◽  
Micropropagated Plants

Arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) is a Poaceae species used as fiber source to make traditional and valuable handmade craftsmanship by indigenous communities in Northern Colombia. Since no commercial crops are established fiber needs are taken from natural plant populations affecting ecosystem. A micropropagation protocol to clonally multiply large quantities of arrow cane plant material for planting commercial crops has been developed; however, micropropagated plants are costly compared to naturally extracted plant material. To reduce micropropagated plants costs, in the present research a double phase medium formulation along with continuous shoot culture with no periodic transfers to fresh medium was compared to semisolid medium system with subculture every four weeks with respect to  multiplication rate and costs of micropropagated plants. The results showed that continuous culture of explants with double phase medium and no periodic transfers resulted in higher multiplication rates and larger shoots compared to shoots cultured using the conventionalsemisolid medium system and transfer to fresh medium every four weeks. Plants from both, semisolid and double phase culture system, fully adapted and recovered when transferred to ex vitro conditions. The cost analysis showed that double phase cultured shoots are ≥20% less expensive.

Plant tissue cultures from four Tuscan globe artichoke cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bedini ◽  
Mariella Lucchesini ◽  
Francesco Bertozzi ◽  
Alberto Graifenberg
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Double Phase ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the possibility of propagating in vitro four of the most common cultivars in Tuscany (central Italy): Terom, Violetto di Toscana, Chiusure and Empolese. The first three belong to the “Violetti” group, while cv Empolese belongs to the “Romaneschi” group. Explants were cultured on an induction medium (IM), which is a modified MS medium consisting of nitrate concentrations reduced by one quarter, 0.8 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.2 mg L−1 3-indole butyric acid (IBA). Explants were then transferred to a proliferation medium (PM) consisting of the same basal medium together with 0.03 mg L−1 BA and 0.05 mg L−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). A rooting double-phase was then established. The pre-rooting medium (PRM), consisting of a basal MS medium with half strength nitrate concentrations, 0.5 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1 mg L−1 paclobutrazol (PBZ) was used for two weeks. Over the next four weeks, a rooting medium (MR) was used, consisting of a basal MS medium with 2 mg L−1 β-cyclodextrin and 2 mg L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid sodium salt (NAA). The cv Empolese provided the highest number of proliferated explants and rooted plantlets using the method described.

scholarly journals In situ conservation of fruit landraces

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S57-S59 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Paprštein ◽  
J. Sedlák ◽  
V. Holubec
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Berry Fruits

<I>In situ </I>conservation is considered as conservation of wild biota in the natural habitat (locality). The authors extend the term to cultivated fruit species naturalised in the landscape, such as occasional spontaneous seedlings, and planted material such as old solitary trees among fields, old groves, avenues (country lanes), wind-breaks, and abandoned remnants of orchards. <I>In situ </I>conservation is also used to mark unique materials during collecting expeditions, before they will be taken as <I>ex situ </I>or proclaimed as permanent <I>in situ</I>. Important landraces found within 12 regions of the Czech Republic were registered, evaluated, and <I>in situ </I>localised by Global Positioning System (GPS). The following accessions were marked for in-situ conservation: apple (401), sweet cherry (263), pear (91), plum (42), sour cherry (27), and berry fruits (18).

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation by Coralloid Roots of the Cycad Macrozamia riedlei: Physiological Characteristics and Ecological Significance

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Halliday ◽  
JS Pate
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
C2h2 Reduction ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Coralloid Roots

'Coralloid' roots containing blue-green algae occur commonly on the upper root stocks of M. riedlei in natural habitat in Western Australia. Each coralloid mass persists for several seasons; replacement sets form at irregular intervals, especially after fire. 15N2 and acetylene reduction assays demonstrate that coralloid roots fix nitrogen at physiologically significant rates. C2H2 reduction rates by coralloid roots are higher in winter than in summer. Performance is positively correlated with rainfall; soil temperature appears to be of lesser importance. Diurnal fluctuations in nitrogenase activity occur. Calibration using 15N2 gives a molar ratio of C2H2 reduced : N2 fixed of 5.8 : 1. The seasonal average of C2H2 reduction of 14.8 nmol per g fresh wt coralloid root per min is then equivalent to 37.6 g N per kg fresh wt per year, a fixation rate potentially capable of doubling coralloid root nitrogen once in every 8 weeks, and whole plant nitrogen every 8-11 years. Returns of fixed nitrogen in two natural populations of Macrozamia are estimated by compounding measurements of biomass of host and symbiotic organs with the seasonal average for coralloid fixation rate. The values obtained (18.8 and 18.6 kg N ha-1 year-1) indicate that Macrozamia contributes significantly to the nitrogen economy of its ecosystem.

scholarly journals Rapid Propagation of Sweet and Sour Cherry Rootstocks

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušica DORIĆ ◽  
Vladislav OGNJANOV ◽  
Mirjana LJUBOJEVIĆ ◽  
Goran BARAĆ ◽  
Jovana DULIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Rapid Propagation ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks

scholarly journals Population differentiation and structural variation in the genome of Manduca sexta across the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Mongue ◽  
Akito Y. Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Z Chromosome ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractMany species that are extensively studied in the laboratory are less well characterized in their natural habitat, and laboratory strains represent only a small fraction of the variation in a species’ genome. Here we investigate genomic variation in three natural populations of an agricultural pest and a model insect for many scientific disciplines, the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). We show that hornworms from Arizona, Kansas, and North Carolina are genetically distinct, with Arizona being particularly differentiated from the other two populations. Specifically, two segregating inversions and a potential pseudogene are found only in the Arizona population. One inversion on the Z chromosome may enhance adaptive evolution of the sex chromosome, while the significance of the other, autosomal inversion remains unclear. The pseudogene may be involved in the exploitation of a novel hostplant in Arizona, but functional genetic assays will be required to confirm this hypothesis. Nevertheless, our results reveal undiscovered natural variation and provide useful genomic data for a model insect species.

scholarly journals Effect of different fertilizers and amendments on the growth of apple and sour cherry rootstocks in an organic nursery

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygmunt S. Grzyb ◽  
Wojciech Piotrowski ◽  
Paweł Bielicki ◽  
Lidia Sas Paszt ◽  
Eligio Malusà
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks ◽  
Neck Diameter ◽  
Growing Shoot ◽  
Vegetative Season

ABSTRACT Two independent trials were established during the years of 2009 and 2010 with M.26 apple rootstocks and Prunus mahaleb L. seedlings in three different locations to evaluate the effect of seven organic fertilizers and amendments on the growth of rootstocks in an organic nursery in the first year of an operation. The products tested were a microbial consortium, two kinds of vermicomposts extracts, two kind of seaweeds extracts, a stillage from yeast production and a solution of titanium. Plants receiving these products were compared to untreated and minerally or organically (manure) fertilized during vegetative season. Plant growth was evaluated by measuring the increase of the root neck diameter and the height of the tallest upward growing shoot. The application of the different organic fertilizers and amendments induced significantly higher growth of both kinds of rootstocks in all locations and for each year in comparison to control and, in the majority of the cases, to the chemical and manure fertilization. However, some products (BF Quality, Micosat, Humus UP, Tytanit and Vinassa) showed a more consistent effect on the growth of tested rootstocks under different soil and climatic conditions. It can be concluded that fertilization of apple and sour cherry rootstock with organic fertilizers and amendments of different origin and composition is effective in producing of high quality plants.

Mineral Nutrition of Drosera erythrorhiza Lindl. With Special Reference to Its Tuberous Habit

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Pate ◽  
KW Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Tuber Composition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The seasonal cycle of uptake and partitioning of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium, calcium and zinc by Drosera erythrorhiza was studied in natural habitat near Perth, W.A. All elements except calcium were mobilized from germinating parent tubers with more than 80% efficiency. The leaf rosette served as the major repository for minerals obtained from the parent tuber and rooting medium. Efficiency of carry-over from vegetative parts to the new season's tubers was 88% for phosphorus, 79% for nitrogen, 71 % for dry matter, 63% for magnesium, 56% for potassium, but only 25-39 % for calcium, sodium and zinc. Pot culture studies showed insects to be an effective source of nitrogen and phosphorus, and eluate of ash particularly a source of potassium. Habitat soil enriched with whole ash produced tubers especially rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium, elevated levels of phosphorus being attributed particularly to the ash. Growth on full mineral culture solution or distilled water produced tubers with low levels of minerals. Tuber composition varied greatly between habitats, especially in relation to phosphorus, nitrogen and zinc. The relationship between phosphorus levels in tubers and recent fire history of a habitat was examined.

Nitrogen Fixation by Nodulated Roots of Viminaria juncea (Schrad. & Wendl.) Hoffmans, (Fabaceae) When Submerged in Water

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Walker ◽  
JS Pate ◽  
J Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Total N ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Assay Chamber

Nodulated seedlings of Viminaria juncea were raised in free-draining or flooded sand culture. Unflooded seedlings developed limited amounts of aerenchyma in lower stem, root and nodules, and responded to flooding by accelerated aerenchyma production and, after 10 days, by formation of pneumatophores from their near-surface lateral roots. Continuously flooded seedlings showed earlier and greater development of aerenchyma and pneumatophores, and had their nodules and roots restricted to the upper 10 cm of the rooting medium. Aerenchyma was developed from an inner cambium, distinct from the outer phellogen which subsequently developed on older parts of stem, root and nodules. Gas contents of plant parts varied from 4-8% for organs with little aerenchyma to over 30% for the aerenchyma-invested basal stem and root of continuously flooded seedlings. A role of the sheaths of aerenchyma in gaseous exchange between aerial environment and nodulated root was demonstrated by gas injection experiments, in situ C2H2 reduction assays and 15N2 feeding experiments on intact plants with flooded roots. Samples of gas removed from the aerenchyma of plants exposed to C2H2 contained up to 14 times the amount of C2H2 and 4 times the amount of CO2 than in the atmosphere of the assay chamber, indicating that gas exchange for both N2 fixation and respiration occurred via the aerenchyma. Previously unflooded, 12-week seedlings exposed to 14 days flooding gained as much dry matter and total N in the 2-week treatment as did control unflooded plants, but 21-week continuously flooded seedlings showed only half the dry matter and nitrogen gains of similarly aged unflooded seedlings. Observations on the seasonal growth, nodulation and pneumatophore development of natural populations of the species were discussed in relation to the above findings.

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