scholarly journals Variation in Airborne Fungal Spore Concentrations in Four Different Microclimate Regions in Romania

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta IANOVICI ◽  
Cristina MARIA ◽  
Mădălina Nicoleta RĂDUŢOIU ◽  
Anca HANIŞ ◽  
Dorina TUDORICĂ
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Western Country ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Spores And Pollen ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spore

Airborne fungal counts and types were examined in four regions from Romania. The aim of our study was to determine the concentrations of Alternaria, Cladosporium, Drechslera-type, Epicoccum and Nigrospora atmospheric fungal spores in urban areas: Braşov, Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca and Timişoara. Other objective of this study was to examine the relationships between atmospheric fungal spores and pollen. Few studies have confirmed the high frequency and concentrations for some of these spore types in Romania. The sampling sites differed in habitat characteristics, such as vegetation and microclimate. Airborne spores’ sampling was carried out using the Lanzoni volumetric sampler and during August 2008. The totals of airborne spores recorded in this study show a considerable variation. Cladosporium and Alternaria have been identified as the most abundant and frequent fungal aeroallergens in Timişoara and Bucharest. Drechslera-type, Epicoccum, and Nigrospora had very low values of spore count in all sites. Observations show that seven types of pollen appear regularly and few of these are in great abundance. Fungi are present in the air in concentrations considerably in excess of that of pollen grains. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is the most important pollen allergen in all of the sampled areas discussed here, especially in western country (Timişoara).

An inverse relationship between moisture and grazing intensity in an arid mountain-basin system

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332110600
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Xiao-zhong Huang ◽  
Jia-le Wang ◽  
Richard HW Bradshaw ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Spores And Pollen ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin System

Precipitation has been suggested as a crucial influencing factor in the primary productivity in arid and semi-arid regions, yet how moisture fluctuation in an arid mountain-basin system of the north Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau has affected human activities is poorly understood. Here, we reconstruct the variations of grazing intensity in high elevations and regional humidity based on independent and high-resolution records of Sporormiella-type coprophilous fungal spores and pollen grains in the same well-dated sediment core from Lake Tian’E in the western Qilian Mountains over the past 3500 years. We find that stronger grazing activity was associated with low regional effective moisture, and propose that the drier regional climate pushed people and their livestock into the mountainous areas. A notable exception was a reduction of human and grazing activities in arid region with high mountains during 380–580 CE caused by centennial-length dry and cold conditions. In addition, it is also noteworthy that intensified grazing activity occurred during 580–720 CE and after ∼1920 CE, corresponding to a warmer and wetter climate and diverse subsistence strategies with social developments in the lowlands of the Hexi Corridor. Our findings potentially provide a historical reference for understanding how ancient people adapted to the climate change in arid region with high mountains.

Well-preserved fungal spores from Jurassic rocks of Hells Canyon on the Idaho–Oregon border

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Traverse ◽  
Sidney R. Ash
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Spores And Pollen ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Spore Form ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Jurassic Rocks ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Hells Canyon

Palynoflorules containing sparse but regularly occurring chitinous-walled fungal, probably ascomycete, spores have been obtained from silty limestone nodules in the Jurassic Coon Hollow Formation in the Wallowa terrane in Hells Canyon, Idaho. The fungal spores are associated with moderately abundant embryophytic spores and pollen that suggest late Early Jurassic to early Middle Jurassic age, which agrees with dating provided by marine animals stratigraphically just above. The fungal spores constitute the most diverse such assemblage of robust-walled spores described from pre-Cretaceous rocks. Two new species of the fossil fungal spore form-genus Diporicellaesporites, D. idahoensis and D. serratulus, and one new species of form-genus Fractisporonites, F. pittsburgensis, are described.

Performance of the Coriolis air sampler, a high-volume aerosol-collection system for quantification of airborne spores and pollen grains

Aerobiologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carvalho ◽  
C. Sindt ◽  
A. Verdier ◽  
C. Galan ◽  
L. O’Donoghue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Spores And Pollen ◽  
Air Sampler

scholarly journals An analysis of the content of pteridophyta spores in aeroplankton of Lublin (2013–2014)

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weronika Haratym ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Marta Dmitruk
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Spores And Pollen ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Central Eastern

Similarly to fungal spores and pollen grains, pteridophytic spores can cause allergies in humans. Pteridophyta spore concentrations in the air of Lublin, under the conditions of central-eastern Poland, were first studied over the period 2013–2014. The volumetric method was used in this study. The research showed that that spores of ferns belonging to the following genera: <em>Asplenium, Athyrium, Blechnum, Botrychium, Cystopteris, Dryopteris, Matteuccia, Osmunda, Polypodium</em> and <em>Pteridium</em>, occur in aeroplankton. Spores were recorded in low concentrations and they occurred in a dispersed pattern during the season. They were found to be absent on some days. Among the above-mentioned genera, <em>Dryopteris</em> and <em>Athyrium </em>showed the highest content of spores in aerosol. In both years of the study (2013 and 2014), similar annual spore counts were recorded, respectively 69 and 63. The most spores were identified in August.

scholarly journals Global modeling of fungal spores with the EMAC chemistryclimate model: uncertainties in emission parametrizations and observations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryem Tanarhte ◽  
Sara Bacer ◽  
Susannah M. Burrows ◽  
J. Alex Huffman ◽  
Kyle M. Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Climate Interactions

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) may impact human health and aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. The role of PBAPs in the earth system is associated with large uncertainties, for example of source estimates and the atmospheric lifetime. We used a chemistry-climate model to simulate PBAPs in the atmosphere including bacteria and fungal spores. Three fungal spore emission parameterizations have been evaluated against an updated set of spore counts synthesized from observations reported in the literature. The comparison indicates an optimal fit for the emission parameterization proposed by Heald and Spracklen (2009) and adapted by Hoose et al. (2010) for particle sizes of 5 µm or 3 µm, although the model still overpredicts PBAP concentrations in some locations. The correlations between the spore count observations and meteorological parameters simulated by the model show a strong dependence on the leaf area index in non-urban areas and the specific humidity in urban areas. Additional evaluation was performed by comparing our combined bacteria and fungal spore simulations to a global dataset of fluorescent biological aerosol particle (FBAP) concentrations. The model predicts the total sum of measured PBAP concentrations relatively well, typically within a factor of two of FBAP. Further, the modeled fungal spore results deviate from the FBAP concentrations when used as a rough proxy for spores, depending on the particle size used in the parametrization. Uncertainties related to technical aspects of the FBAP and direct-counting spore measurements challenge the ability to further refine quantitative comparison on this scale. Additional long-term data of better quality are needed to improve emission parameterizations.

scholarly journals Influence of Rain on the Abundance and Size Distribution of Bioaerosols

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chathurika M. Rathnayake ◽  
Nervana Metwali ◽  
Thilina Jayarathne ◽  
Josh Kettler ◽  
Yuefan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Pm10 Mass

Abstract. Assessing the environmental, health and climate impacts of bioaerosols requires knowledge of their size and abundance. These two properties were assessed through daily measurements of chemical tracers for pollens (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), fungal spores (mannitol and glucans) and Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins in fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse PM (PM10–2.5) and PM10 (as the combination of PM2.5 and PM10–2.5) during the spring tree pollen season (mid-April to early-May) and late summer ragweed season (late-August to early-September) in the Midwestern US in 2013. Under dry conditions, pollen and fungal spore tracers were primarily in coarse PM (˃ 75 %), as expected for particles greater than 2.5 µm. Rainfall on May 2 corresponded to maximum atmospheric pollen tracer levels and a redistribution of pollen tracers to the fine PM fraction (˃ 80 %). Both changes were attributed to the osmotic rupture of pollen grains that led to the suspension of fine-sized pollen fragments. Fungal spore tracers peaked in concentration following spring rain events and decreased in particle size, but to a lesser extent than pollens. A short, heavy thunderstorm in late summer corresponded to an increase in endotoxin and glucose levels, with a simultaneous shift to smaller particle sizes. Simultaneous increases in bioaerosol levels and decrease in their size has significant implications for population exposures to bioaerosols, particularly during rain events. Chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionment modelling and regionally-specific pollen profiles were used to apportion PM mass to pollens and fungal spores. Springtime pollen contributions to PM10 mass ranged from 0.04–0.8 µg m−3 (0.2–38 %, averaging 4 %), with maxima occurring on rainy days. Fungal spore contributions to PM10 mass ranged from 0.1–1.5 µg m−3 (0.8–17 %, averaging 5 %), with maxima occurring after rain. Overall, this study defines changes to size distributions and concentrations of pollens, fungal spores, and endotoxins in response to rain in the Midwestern United States and advances the ability to apportion PM mass to pollens.

scholarly journals New methods for detecting and enumerating fungal spores of plant  pathogens

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. S38-S42
Author(s):  
R. Kennedy ◽  
A.J. Wakeham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Suction System ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
User Friendly

Information on the presence or absence of airborne spores or other particles would be useful in an increasing number of areas including agriculture. Traditional methods used for detecting and enumerating of airborne spores of fungal plant pathogens are time consuming and require specialist knowledge. Some spore types (e.g. ascospores) are difficult to differentiate using these methods. To facilitate this, new methods, which can be used to accurately differentiate fungal spore types, are required. A Burkard 7-day volumetric spore trap used in combination with an immunofluorescence test has been developed to detect and quantify field-trapped ascosporic inoculum of Mycosphaerella brassicicola (the ringspot pathogen of brassicas). This test has also been found useful in the validation of more rapid user-friendly immunoassay based trapping procedures. A microtiter immunospore trapping device, which uses a suction system to directly trap air-particulates by impaction into microtiter wells, has been used successfully for the rapid detection and quantification of ascosporic inoculum of M. brassicicola. The system shows potential for the rapid field-detection of airborne ascosporic inoculum of the ringspot pathogen.

scholarly journals The study of the effects of airborne fungal spores in allergic and pathogenic infections in Akoko environment, Ondo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 030-042
Author(s):  
Essien Benjamin Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spore ◽  
June July

Fungal spores and hyphal fragments have been associated with out-door allergens and constitute human, animal and plant pathogens with long history of epidemiology. Airborne fungal spores of Akoko environment during the months of October 2016 to September 2017 were trapped and analyzed palynologicaly to determine the genera with allergic and pathogenic implications. Very high concentrations of these aerospora were documented. Out of 35 fungal spore type identified, the most commonly documented genera were species of Nigrospora, Endophragmiella, Ustilago, Botryodiplodia, Curvularia, Pithomyces, Corynespora and Venturia among others. The availability of these airborne fungal spore types is not only a reflection of their degree of abundance in the atmosphere, but an indication of the availability of host plants and other spore sources in the region. Statistical analysis shows that there was significant difference in the mean monthly fungal spore recorded. Multiple comparisons (using DMRT) showed that the mean fungal spores recorded in the month of October was significantly different (P<0.05) from that recorded in the month of July but not significantly different from those recorded for other months. Seasonal variation showed that the highest mean monthly fungal spore abundance were more from June - July and October - December due to higher sporulation activities by the fungi. This study would provide relevant information that could be useful in monitoring the frequency and intensity of fungal allergies and other pathogenic disease conditions of plants, animals and humans in the study environment and proffer adequate measures for safety health and environment.

scholarly journals Atmospheric pollen and spore content in the urban area of the city of Medellin, Colombia

Hoehnea ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Alzate Guarín ◽  
Mario Alberto Quijano Abril ◽  
Astrid Alvarez ◽  
Ramiro Fonnegra
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Spores And Pollen ◽  
Atmospheric Pollen ◽  
Pollen And Spores ◽  
Airborne Pollen And Spores ◽  
The City

The atmosphere of the urban area of the city of Medellin, Colombia was monitored with the objective of identifying airborne pollen and spores throughout a whole year. Sampling was performed between February 2010 and March 2011, coinciding with the La Niña climate phenomenon, which is characterized by a considerable increase in precipitation. Samples of airborne spores and pollen were obtained from a suction Hirst-type volumetric sampler. A total of 62 pollen and spores types were recorded during sampling, of which 30 were angiosperms, two were gymnosperms, 10 were monilophytes, and 20 were fungi. The families displaying the highest pollen counts were Oleaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Polypodiaceae. We recorded an inverse relationship among precipitation and the quantity and diversity of pollen grains and fern spores. The angiosperm and gymnosperm taxa showed the greatest recorded grains throughout the sampling year with respect to the species mentioned herewith, which have been reported as allergenic in various aerobiological studies.

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