scholarly journals The Checklist of the Sardinian Alien Flora: an Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina PODDA ◽  
Valerio LAZZERI ◽  
Olga MAYORAL ◽  
Gianluigi BACCHETTA
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Fast Spreading ◽  
Biological Form ◽  
Invasive Taxa

Alien plants colonization, due to the fast spreading of highly invasive taxa, is more and more a serious source of concerns for habitat and species conservation. Apart direct in situ intervention, it is of major importance to acquire the best and up to date knowledge about alien taxa that currently threaten the integrity of wild and valuable environments. In this light, here is presented the update to the checklist of alien vascular flora of the island of Sardinia (Italy) on the basis of the new findings, nomenclatural adjustments, and revision of diffusion status of alien taxa. The checklist at present, consists of 541 taxa (84 doubtful) which represent 17% of the whole flora of the island; 22 taxa are new to the island and 7 of them for Italy. Neophytes represent the majority of the whole alien flora (301, 66% of the total) and, in confront to archaeophytes, gather nearly all invasive taxa (54 vs 4). The new findings are all neophytes. Phanerophytes (42%) are the most representative biological form and Americas represents the region that mostly contributes to the Sardinian alien flora (33%). Further analysis highlights that, in terms of number of taxa, highly anthropically impacted environments such as synanthropic (36%) and agricultural (23%) are the eligible habitats for most of the alien species in Sardinia while coastal areas and wetlands, beyond hosting a lower number of taxa, are characterized by the relative highest number of invasives.

scholarly journals The alien flora of Sudan and South Sudan: taxonomic and biogeographical composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Omer ◽  
Maha Kordofani ◽  
Haytham H. Gibreel ◽  
Petr Pyšek ◽  
Mark van Kleunen
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

AbstractStudies on plant invasions depend on local and regional checklists of the alien flora. However, global overview studies have shown that some regions, including many African countries, remain understudied in this regard. To contribute to filling this gap, here we present the first checklist of alien plants of Sudan and South Sudan (the Sudans). We analysed the taxonomic and geographical composition of the species on this list. Our result show that of the 113 alien species in Sudans (99 in Sudan and 59 in South Sudan), 92 (81.4%) are naturalized and 21 (18.6%) are just casual aliens. The number of naturalized species represent 2.2% of the total flora of the Sudans (4096). The alien species belong to 44 families and 85 genera, and many of them are native to Southern America and Northern America (85.8%). Annual and perennial herbs are the prevailing life forms in the alien flora of the Sudans (68.1%), and, among the casual species, perennial herbs are underrepresented whereas woody tree species are over-represented. Alien plants of the Sudans are mostly used for medicinal and environmental purposes globally. The naturalized plants predominantly occur in man-made disturbed habitats, such as agricultural and ruderal habitats. This first overview of the alien flora of the Sudans should stimulate further research and recording of the alien flora to better understand the drivers and consequences of alien plants in the Sudans.

scholarly journals Checklist of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere Aymerich ◽  
Llorenç Sáez
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Degree Of Naturalization ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Invasive Taxa

This is an inventory of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) updated to 2018, representing 1068 alien taxa in total. 554 (52.0%) out of them are casual and 514 (48.0%) are established. 87 taxa (8.1% of the total number and 16.8 % of those established) show an invasive behaviour. The geographic zone with more alien plants is the most anthropogenic maritime area. However, the differences among regions decrease when the degree of naturalization of taxa increases and the number of invaders is very similar in all sectors. Only 26.2% of the taxa are more or less abundant, while the rest are rare or they have vanished. The alien flora is represented by 115 families, 87 out of them include naturalised species. The most diverse genera are Opuntia (20 taxa), Amaranthus (18 taxa) and Solanum (15 taxa). Most of the alien plants have been introduced since the beginning of the twentieth century (70.7%), with a strong increase since 1970 (50.3% of the total number). Almost two thirds of alien taxa have their origin in Euro-Mediterranean area and America, while 24.6% come from other geographical areas. The taxa originated in cultivation represent 9.5%, whereas spontaneous hybrids only 1.2%. From the temporal point of view, the rate of Euro-Mediterranean taxa shows a progressive reduction parallel to an increase of those of other origins, which have reached 73.2% of introductions during the last 50 years. The most important way of introduction is gardening (58.0%), followed by agriculture and commerce, while forestry is marginal. Invasive taxa mainly come from gardening and trade, but the proportion of the latter that become invasive is higher (6.1% and 15.6%, respectively). Most of the established aliens are annual and perennial forbs, while other biological types are less represented. These two types are also dominant among the invasive alien species, although a notable increase of trees and climbers has been observed recently.

scholarly journals The casual, naturalised and invasive alien flora of Zimbabwe based on herbarium and literature records

Koedoe ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
South Central ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
Starting Point

Zimbabwe’s casual, naturalised and invasive alien plant species were analysed with regard to their habit, origin, mode or purpose of introduction and their invasion status in the country. This alien flora of 391 taxa belonged to 239 genera and 73 families, corresponding to 6.6% of the total flora of Zimbabwe. Of these, 153 (39.1%) plant species were casual aliens, 154 (39.4%) were naturalised and 84 (21.5%) were invasive species. Most invasions in terms of numbers of alien species were in the central and eastern parts of the country. Asteraceae (53 species), Poaceae (48 species) and Fabaceae sensu lato (49 species) families were prominent in all the floristic regions of the country. Annual and perennial herbaceous species formed the majority of life forms of the casual, naturalised and invasive alien flora of Zimbabwe. Genera with the highest number of alien species were Ipomoea with nine species, Acacia and Euphorbia with eight species each, Chenopodium and Senna with seven species each, Eucalyptus with six species, Oenothera, Physalis and Solanum with five species each. More than 49.6% of the alien plants in Zimbabwe originated primarily from South, Central and North America, followed by Europe (24.6%), Asia (23.8%), Africa (10.5%) and Australasia (5.9%).Conservation implications: This research provides baseline information and historical invasion patterns of casual, naturalised and invasive alien flora in Zimbabwe. This inventory is a crucial starting point in trying to understand and initiate the management of biological invasions. This is also important for monitoring new introductions and management of existing alien plants in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Moving out of town? The status of alien plants in high‐Arctic Svalbard, and a method for monitoring of alien flora in high‐risk, polar environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesamine C. Bartlett ◽  
Kristine Bakke‐Westergaard ◽  
Ingrid M. G. Paulsen ◽  
Ronja E. M. Wedegärtner ◽  
Florian Wilken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals Major environmental factors and traits of invasive alien plants determine their spatial distribution: a case study in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minwoo Oh ◽  
Yoonjeong Heo ◽  
Eun Ju Lee ◽  
Hyohyemi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Cold Spots

Abstract Background As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent, making them a general problem globally. Anthropogenic activities and climate change have led to alien species becoming distributed beyond their native range. As a result, alien species can be easily found anywhere, with the density of individuals varying across locations. The prevalent distribution of alien species adversely affects invaded ecosystems; thus, strategic management plans must be established to control them effectively. To this end, this study evaluated hotspots and cold-spots in the degree of distribution of invasive alien plant species, and major environmental factors related to hot spots were identified. We analyzed 10,287 distribution points of 126 species of alien plant species collected through a national survey of alien species using the hierarchical model of species communities (HMSC) framework. Results The explanatory and fourfold cross-validation predictive power of the model were 0.91 and 0.75 as area under the curve (AUC) values, respectively. Hotspots of invasive plants were found in the Seoul metropolitan area, Daegu metropolitan city, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, southwest shore, and Jeju Island. Hotspots were generally found where the highest maximum summer temperature, winter precipitation, and road density were observed. In contrast, seasonality in temperature, annual temperature range, precipitation during summer, and distance to rivers and the sea were negatively correlated to hotspots. The model showed that functional traits accounted for 55% of the variance explained by environmental factors. Species with a higher specific leaf area were found where temperature seasonality was low. Taller species were associated with a larger annual temperature range. Heavier seed mass was associated with a maximum summer temperature > 29 °C. Conclusions This study showed that hotspots contained 2.1 times more alien plants on average than cold-spots. Hotspots of invasive plants tended to appear under less stressful climate conditions, such as low fluctuations in temperature and precipitation. In addition, disturbance by anthropogenic factors and water flow positively affected hotspots. These results were consistent with previous reports on the ruderal and competitive strategies of invasive plants, not the stress-tolerant strategy. Our results supported that the functional traits of alien plants are closely related to the ecological strategies of plants by shaping the response of species to various environmental filters. Therefore, to control alien plants effectively, the occurrence of disturbed sites where alien plants can grow in large quantities should be minimized, and the waterfront of rivers must be managed.

scholarly journals To the study of alien species in the flora of Khakassia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Ebel ◽  
◽  
S.A. Sheremetova ◽  
I.A. Khrustaleva ◽  
T.O. Strelnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Black Book ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Scientific Network ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
The Republic

As a result of the field studies, analysis of publications and herbarium materials, it has been established that by now the alien flora of the Republic of Khakassia includes about 140 species of vascular plants. Of this number, more than 30 species are invasive plants included in the “Black Book of Flora of Siberia” (2016). In recent years, there has been both a fairly rapid replenishment of the flora with alien plants and a noticeable dispersal of a number of invasive species across the territory of Khakassia. For the purpose of monitoring alien plant species, we use the capabilities of the international scientific network iNaturalist.org.

scholarly journals Threatened Fishes of the World: Orsinogobius Croaticus (Mrakovčić, Kerovec, Mišetić and Schneider, 1996) (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Horvatić ◽  
Zoran Marčić ◽  
Milorad Mrakovčić ◽  
Perica Mustafić ◽  
Ivana Buj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Threatened Fishes ◽  
Adriatic Basin

Abstract Orsinogobius croaticus is a freshwater fish with a small and limited distribution range in the Adriatic basin in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, where it inhabits cold karstic rivers and springs. The main threats to its populations include habitat fragmentation, declining habitat quality and the introduction of alien species. Conservation recommendations are proposed to improve effective habitat preservation and to expand the knowledge about this species.

scholarly journals Inducing the attachment of cable bacteria on oxidizing electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Li ◽  
Clare E. Reimers ◽  
Yvan Alleau
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Mineral Precipitation ◽  
Electrode Surfaces ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Electron Donation

Abstract. Cable bacteria (CB) are multicellular, filamentous bacteria within the family of Desulfobulbaceae that transfer electrons longitudinally from cell to cell to couple sulfide oxidation and oxygen reduction in surficial aquatic sediments. In the present study, electrochemical reactors that contain natural sediments are introduced as a tool for investigating the growth of CB on electrodes poised at an oxidizing potential. Our experiments utilized sediments from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA, and we include new phylogenetic analyses of separated filaments to confirm that CB from this marine location cluster with the genus “Candidatus Electrothrix”. These CB may belong to a distinctive lineage, however, because their filaments contain smaller cells and a lower number of longitudinal ridges compared to cables described from other locales. The results of a 135 d bioelectrochemical reactor experiment confirmed that these CB can migrate out of reducing sediments and grow on oxidatively poised electrodes suspended in anaerobic seawater. CB filaments and several other morphologies of Desulfobulbaceae cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization on electrode surfaces, albeit in low densities and often obscured by mineral precipitation. These findings provide new information to suggest what kinds of conditions will induce CB to perform electron donation to an electrode surface, further informing future experiments to culture CB outside of a sediment matrix.

scholarly journals The New Moon: Major Advances in Lunar Science Enabled by Compositional Remote Sensing from Recent Missions

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Deepak Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
The Moon ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Lunar Science ◽  
Lunar Interior ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Lunar Samples ◽  
Resource Exploration ◽  
Globally Distributed

Volatile-bearing lunar surface and interior, giant magmatic-intrusion-laden near and far side, globally distributed layer of purest anorthosite (PAN) and discovery of Mg-Spinel anorthosite, a new rock type, represent just a sample of the brand new perspectives gained in lunar science in the last decade. An armada of missions sent by multiple nations and sophisticated analyses of the precious lunar samples have led to rapid evolution in the understanding of the Moon, leading to major new findings, including evidence for water in the lunar interior. Fundamental insights have been obtained about impact cratering, the crystallization of the lunar magma ocean and conditions during the origin of the Moon. The implications of this understanding go beyond the Moon and are therefore of key importance in solar system science. These new views of the Moon have challenged the previous understanding in multiple ways and are setting a new paradigm for lunar exploration in the coming decade both for science and resource exploration. Missions from India, China, Japan, South Korea, Russia and several private ventures promise continued exploration of the Moon in the coming years, which will further enrich the understanding of our closest neighbor. The Moon remains a key scientific destination, an active testbed for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) activities, an outpost to study the universe and a future spaceport for supporting planetary missions.

scholarly journals The role of rivers and streams in the migration of alien plants into the Polish Carpathians

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Zając ◽  
Barbara Tokarska-Guzik ◽  
Maria Zając
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
River Valleys

The role of rivers and streams in the migration of alien plants into the Polish CarpathiansThe Carpathians are among the regions of Poland that are generally less susceptible to invasive alien plants. The factor limiting the spread of the species of this group is, above all, the mountain climate. Even species originating from other mountain regions, e.g. the HimalayanImpatiens glandulifera, have their localities only at low elevations, in the Carpathian foothills. In most cases, alien plant species migrate into the Carpathians from the lowlands. The river valleys provide the migration corridors used by alien species in the course of their progress into new territories of the upper mountain localities. The situation along some mountain rivers, where invasive alien species dominate the native vegetation, is dramatic. Their spread is facilitated not only by easy diaspore transport but also by some anthropogenic factors, such as, river engineering and the transformation of riparian habitats and progressing devastation. Currently, we can observe some invasive alien plants "in statu nascendi", developing a new, secondary range in the Carpathians (e.g.Chaerophyllum aureum) or at the foothills, along the Wisła (Vistula) and San river valleys (e.g.Eragrostis albensis). For some species, cities were the destination for the first stage of future migration, e.g.Acer negundo. In the Carpathians, where many national parks and nature reserves are located, the continuous monitoring of the spread of invasive alien plants should be one of the principal activities of botanists.

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