scholarly journals Production Potential of Rubberwood in Malaysia: Its Economic Challenges

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jegatheswaran RATNASINGAM ◽  
Geetha RAMASAMY ◽  
Florin IORAS ◽  
Jake KANER ◽  
Lu WENMING
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) has emerged as the most important source of wood raw material in Malaysia. Being a plantation crop, it is regarded as a green and environmental-friendly material that has found applications in almost all sectors of the wood industry. Despite its importance as a socio-economic sector, the future of the rubberwood industry in Malaysia is under scrutiny. The steadily declining rubber cultivation area in the country is raising alarms about the future supply of rubberwood. Although the government provides a replanting subsidy for smallholders, who make up the large proportion of the growers, there is an urgent need to enhance the profitability of rubber growing activities. Efforts to enhance the full recovery of wood biomass available and also expanding the use of rubberwood in high value applications must be pursued rigorously, to arrest the declining interests in rubber cultivation. Policy makers must ensure that rubber cultivation remains economical and the net value of rubberwood is further enhanced through application in non-traditional sectors.

scholarly journals Dampak Kebijakan Tarif Impor Terhadap Ekonomi Kedelai Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Dona Wahyuning Laily ◽  
Ida Syamsu Roidah ◽  
Ika Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Home Industries

Soybean is the main crop of the palawija system which is commonly applied in Indonesia. In the national economic system, soybean is a commodity owning strategic values due to its ability to supply nutrients needed by the community and a source of income for farmers. Demand for soybean is likely to continue to increase in line with population growth, increase in per capita income, increase in public awareness of nutritional adequacy, and the development of livestock preparation and silage industries. Given the high trend of soybean demand in the future, efforts to increase domestic soybean production are becoming increasingly important. Meanwhile in the future, the policy to protect domestic soybean farmers will be limited due to the demands of free trade. Considering that soybean is consumed in the form of processed food, the increasing demand for soybeans in the future indicates that there will be more opportunities for the development of home industries to produce this food. The need for soybeans as raw material for agro-industry cannot currently be met by domestic soybean production, both in terms of quality and quantity. This causes the need for imported soybeans to be even greater. Domestic soybean production, both in quality and quantity, seems to be unable to meet the soybean needed for industrial raw materials, thus causing a higher tendency for imported soybean demand. Therefore, import tariff policies in the face of world trade liberalization must be regulated in such a way by taking into account the interests of producers, consumers, and the government. This policy is still needed in realizing the independence of export quality soybeans. Kedelai adalah tanaman utama Sistem Palawija yang umum diterapkan di Indonesia. Dalam sistem perekonomian nasional, kedelai menjadi komoditas yang memiliki nilai strategis karena memiliki kemampuan untuk memasok hara yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat dan merupakan sumber pendapatan bagi petani. Permintaan kedelai akan terus meningkat seiring dengan adanya peningkatan jumlah penduduk, pertambahan pendapatan perkapita tiap penduduk, meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan gizi yang cukup, serta berkembangnya industri persiapan dan silase ternak. Melihat masih tingginya trend permintaan kedelai di masa datang, upaya peningkatan produksi kedelai di dalam negeri menjadi semakin penting. Sementara itu di masa depan kebijaksanaan untuk melindungi petani kedelai di dalam negeri semakin terbatas peluangnya karena tuntutan perdagangan bebas. Mengingat sebagaian besar kedelai dikonsumsi dalam bentuk bahan pangan olahan, meningkatnya permintaan kedelai di masa depan menunjukkan semakin terbukanya peluang pengembangan industri rumah tangga untuk memproduksi bahan pangan tersebut. Kebutuhan akan kedelai sebagai bahan baku agroindustri saat ini tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh produksi kedelai dalam negeri baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitas. Hal ini menyebabkan kebutuhan akan kedelai impor akan semakin besar. Kedelai yang dibutuhkan untuk bahan baku industri tampaknya tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh produksi kedelai dalam negeri, baik kualitas maupun kuantitasnya, sehingga menyebabkan kecenderungan permintaan kedelai impor semakin tinggi. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan tarif impor dalam menghadapi liberalisasi perdagangan dunia harus diatur sedemikian rupa dengan memperhatikan kepentingan produsen, konsumen, dan pemerintah. Kebijakan ini tetap diperlukan dalam mewujudkan kemandirian kedelai kualitas ekspor.

PROSPECT OF SEAWEED AS ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY RAW MATERIALS FOR PAPER INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anny Kustantiny
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pulp Processing

Seaweed is a commodity which has great potency to be developed and commonly used in food and non-food industry, such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical. Currently, seaweed can also be utilized as raw material for pulp to support an environmental friendly paper industry. Research has been done by scientists from Korea who developed the processing technology of red algae by using extraction and bleaching process. The process is very simple, need less energy and environmental friendly chemical material. Red algae species which is used in this process is Gelidium amansii, which is very suitable for paper industry purposes and can be harvested in around 3 months, therefore this is different with wood pulp. There is a cooperation between Korea and Indonesiain producing Gelidium in Indonesia. This paper presents the assessment of red algae pulp processing technology and examines several matters that should be considered in developing red algae pulp industry in Indonesia. In term of resources, support from the government, universities and research institutions and acceptance of the industry.keywords : seaweed, red algae, extraction, paper, environment

scholarly journals An evaluation of permanent crops: Evidence from the “Plant the Future” project, Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Lasha Zivzivadze ◽  
Tengiz Taktakishvili ◽  
Ekaterine Zviadadze ◽  
Giorgi Machavariani
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Project

Abstract Promoting investments in permanent crops is often considered by the government as a powerful measure to support long-term growth in agriculture. The same attitude is prevalent among agricultural policy makers in Georgia and hence, country’s government and the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia initiate and coordinate projects facilitating new investments in permanent crops. The article deals with an evaluation of an impact of “Plant the Future” project in Georgia that provides funds for the potential beneficiaries for planting permanent crops. The structure and scope of the project are discussed in the article, and the relevant data regarding the area planted, financial impact, and beneficiaries for the period from 2015 to 2019 are analysed and the impact projection is made for the period of 2020–2043. Research showed that the target indicators of the project were fully achieved. In addition, there were a high demand from farmers to participate in this project and as a result, the budget spent in 2017–2019 exceeded the planned budget. The project appears to be beneficial in terms of net present values that are positive for all discussed discount rates, meaning that the benefits of the project are greater than costs. The return on investment of the project is around 10%, which is greater than the basic discount rate (8%). Social impact also seems to be high with 1,350 beneficiaries. According to the projection, from 2015 to 2024, around 3,000 beneficiaries will benefit from this project. In the methodology, five evaluation criteria are used, namely, relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability. Based on the evaluation, specific recommendations are given.

Subsidized Energy Pricing in Bangladesh and Consequences of Phasing Subsidy Out

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1896-1900
Author(s):  
Asif Ahmed ◽  
Choudhury Mohammad Shahariar ◽  
M.A. Rashid Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Energy Pricing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Energy Subsidy

Subsidized energy pricing is a practice that has been followed by almost all the countries, especially developing countries. Despite the requirement of energy subsidy for an economy like one in Bangladesh, it is a parasite that slowly eats up government money and blocks the process of sustainable growth. Bangladesh is not a country which has enough energy resources to sustain for the long run. So, proper consumption and less wastage is a must requirement. Thus, phasing out energy subsidy through a gradual process is the only way to go forward. But, rationalizing energy subsidy has some consequences over the society, economy and environment. So, it is high time to promote rational energy pricing and to prepare for the consequences. The government and policy makers are expected to add up with the steps they are already taking to phase out energy subsidy and thus go for better energy security. In this paper we have discussed the present energy pricing in Bangladesh and the consequence she is going to face if subsidy is phased out. Also we have shown the environmental consequences due to energy subsidy along with a set of proper recommendations for our government to take Bangladesh in the path of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on Education System in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 09-13
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Education System ◽  
Global Society ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

The Covid-19 also known as Coronavirus is declared as pandemic in 2020 by almost all the countries around the globe. Pandemic like covid, H1N1 etc , is an event that will be remembered for a long time. The consequences of decisions taken by the government during pandemic will no doubt have a significant impact on the future development of global society. Education is one of the most important and affected area due to lockdown enforced due to pandemic. This paper tries to cover affect of covid pandemic on education system and economic of the India.

scholarly journals Impacts of the first COVID-19 Lockdown on Mobility and Consumption of Households in Sri Lanka: Results of a Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 06-09
Author(s):  
M. Mavin De Silva ◽  
◽  
H. Niles Perera ◽  
Amal S. Kumarage ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Logistics Management ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Email Survey

Sri Lanka was introduced to an unnamed virus on 27th January 2020 when a Chinese tourist was diagnosed with it [1]. Within 8 weeks, the virus named COVID-19 had begun infecting the local population, and the government was taking measures to prevent its spread in Sri Lanka. The government imposed an all-island curfew on 20th March 2020 [2]. Starting from 20th March, the government encouraged Work-from-Home (WFH) and allowed agricultural activities while imposing restrictions on all physical movements [3]. With curfew, the government allowed the distribution of essential items and goods transport through issuing curfew passes. In spite of these measures, people faced many hardships during this time. The department of Transport and Logistics Management, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, conducted a survey on 12th April and completed on 20th April 2020, during a period that the country was having curfew almost all the time. The purpose of this survey was to determine the immediate impact that the government’s steps had on the people’s lives and their impressions on the future. Over 1100 respondents from all districts of the country took part in the online and email survey. As this would return a biased sample, we normalised the collected data across the districts and by educational profile to make the representation as accurate as possible [4]. The analysis led to the following 3 noteworthy findings that would be useful for any future emergency or return to curfew if the need so arises.

scholarly journals Are Mountain Areas Attractive for Investments? The Case of the Alpine Provinces in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-493
Author(s):  
Dario Musolino ◽  
Alessia Silvetti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

AbstractIn the increasing territorial competition to attract productive investments in the age of globalization, mountain areas have a role to play, if they wish to find new (exogenous) resources to diversify their economy and to develop sustainably in the future. This means that they have either to be, or to become attractive. Attractiveness for investments is an issue rarely studied with respect to mountain areas. This paper casts light on the attractiveness of the Italian Alpine provinces, using quantitative and qualitative data coming from a research on the stated locational preferences of entrepreneurs in Italy. According to the findings, it is not said that mountain areas are unattractive, due to their characteristics in terms of physical geography and accessibility. Instead, a different perspective on geography itself (Alpine areas bordering with foreign countries), and the role of the government, can make even marginal areas like mountain areas rather attractive for investments. Therefore, policy-makers should identify and strengthen all possible locational advantages that can strengthen the attractiveness of these areas.

scholarly journals Wood biomass for energy in Montenegro

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gradimir Danon ◽  
Milosav Andjelic ◽  
Branko Glavonjic ◽  
Ratko Kadovic ◽  
Mladen Furtula
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Biomass For Energy

Wood biomass has got its place in the energy balance of Montenegro. A little more than 6% of the total energy consumption is obtained by burning wood. Along with the appropriate state measures, it is economically and environmentally justified to expect Montenegro to more than double the utilization of the existing renewable energy sources including wood biomass, in the near future. For the purpose of achieving this goal, ?Commercial utilization of the Wood Residue as a Resource for Economic Development in the North of Montenegro? project was carried out in 2007. The results of this project were included in the plan of the necessary interventions of the Government and its Agencies, associations or clusters, non-government organizations and interested enterprises. The plan was made on the basis of the wood residue at disposal and the attitude of individual subjects to produce and/or use solid bio-fuels and consists of a proposal of collection and utilization of the wood residue for each individual district in the north of Montenegro. The basic factors of sustainability of future commercialization of the wood residue were: availability of the wood raw material, and thereby the wood residue; the development of wood-based fuel markets, and the size of the profit.

scholarly journals Traffic Conditions and Route Choice of Road Users Between Two Roundabouts

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-450
Author(s):  
Lin Zarni Win ◽  
Kyaing ◽  
Ko Ko Lwin ◽  
Yoshihide Sekimoto ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

This study aims to present the traffic conditions of one of the most congested areas in Yangon as well as the route choice behaviors of the road users in that area. It analyzes drivers’ route choice behaviors and traffic congestion according to road segments. Manual traffic counting and roadside interview methods were used in this survey. The data gathered were used in finding routes alternative to the U Htaung Bo road, which is extremely congested almost all the time. With regard to the report, it will be helpful to identify the scale of the problem that is caused by traffic congestion and to increase awareness of this issue, including amongst the government, policy makers, traffic engineers, and road users.

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