scholarly journals Integrated Effect of Plant Density, N Rates and Irrigation Regimes on the Biomass Production, N Content, PAR Use Efficiencies and Water Productivity of Rice Under Irrigated Semiarid Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel AHMAD ◽  
Mirza HASANUZZAMAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Plant Densities

Two field experiments were conducted for two years (2000 and 2001) at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan. There were 15 treatment combinations for experiment-I having three plant densities, viz., one seedling hill-1 (PD1), two seedlings hill-1 (PD2) and three seedlings hill-1 (PD3) and five nitrogen rates, viz., 0, (N0); 50, (N50); 100, (N100); 150, (N150); and 200 (N200) kg N ha-1. Experiment-II also included 15 treatments having three plant densities, viz., one seedling hill-1 (PD1), two seedlings hill-1 (PD2) and three seedlings hill-1 (PD3) and five irrigation regimes, viz., 62.5 cm (I1), 77.5 cm (I2), 92.5 cm (I3), 107.5 cm (I4), and 122.5 cm (I5). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed with three repetitions. The results for experiment-I revealed that the highest biomass (1438 g m-2), grain yield (497 g m-2), crop growth rate (15.36 g m-2 d-1), net assimilation rate (4.24 g m-2 d-1) were observed in the treatment having combination of two seedlings hill-1 and 200 kg N ha-1 (PD2N200). The agronomic and economic nitrogen and PAR use efficiencies were also higher in this treatment. In case of experiment-II, the highest biomass and grain yield were obtained in case of treatment having combination of two seedlings hill-1 and 107.5 cm irrigation regime (PD2I107.5). The irrigation application based water productivity ranged from 0.36 kg mm-3 to 0.61 kg mm-1, irrigation plus precipitation based water productivity ranged from 0.32 kg mm-3 to 0.55 kg mm-3 and evapotranspiration based water productivity ranged from 0.65 kg mm-3 to 0.84 kg mm-3 among 15 treatments combination of plant density and irrigation regimes. This study concludes that for increasing the benefits for the resource-poor growers, the integration of crop management practices is an optimum strategy to substantially increase the resources use efficiency under irrigated semiarid environment.

Assessment of sowing dates and plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for soybean maturity groups in low latitude

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
L. S. Sampaio ◽  
R. Battisti ◽  
M. A. Lana ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Maturity Groups

Abstract Crop models can be used to explain yield variations associated with management practices, environment and genotype. This study aimed to assess the effect of plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for low latitudes. The crop model was calibrated and evaluated using data from field experiments, including plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants per m2), maturity groups (MG 7.7 and 8.8) and sowing dates (calibration: 06 Jan., 19 Jan., 16 Feb. 2018; and evaluation: 19 Jan. 2019). The model simulated phenology with a bias lower than 2 days for calibration and 7 days for evaluation. Relative root mean square error for the maximum leaf area index varied from 12.2 to 31.3%; while that for grain yield varied between 3 and 32%. The calibrated model was used to simulate different management scenarios across six sites located in the low latitude, considering 33 growing seasons. Simulations showed a higher yield for 40 pl per m2, as expected, but with greater yield gain increments occurring at low plant density going from 10 to 20 pl per m2. In Santarém, Brazil, MG 8.8 sown on 21 Feb. had a median yield of 2658, 3197, 3442 and 3583 kg/ha, respectively, for 10, 20, 30 and 40 pl per m2, resulting in a relative increase of 20, 8 and 4% for each additional 10 pl per m2. Overall, the crop model had adequate performance, indicating a minimum recommended plant density of 20 pl per m2, while sowing dates and maturity groups showed different yield level and pattern across sites in function of the local climate.

scholarly journals Response of the common bean to liquid fertilizer and Rhizobium tropici inoculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2967-2976
Author(s):  
José Geraldo da Silva ◽  
◽  
Enderson Petrônio de Brito Ferreira ◽  
Virgínia Damin ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Application Depth ◽  
Liquid Fertilization

The common bean production system is majorly based on the use of granular fertilizers to provide nutrients for the crop. Studies on the use of liquid fertilization at an appropriated depth and, seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici can provide significant increases in the grain yield of the common bean. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and productivity of common bean as affected by N-P formulations, application depths and the inoculation with R. tropici. Field experiments were carried out in 2015 and 2016 cropping years using a complete block design, in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. The treatments involved the combination of N-P formulation (granular and liquid), two application depths of the N-P formulation (6 and 12 cm) and with or without rhizobia inoculant. The plant density (PD), number of pods (NP), number of grains (NG), mass of 100 grains (M100) and grain yield (GY) were determined. The granular and liquid N-P formulations provided similar results for PD, NP, NG, and GY of common bean. Similarly, the application depth of the N-P formulations did not affect GY. Inoculation of the seed with R. tropici stimulated NP and NG, increasing GY. Growth and productivity parameters were equally affected by the type of formulation and application depth; however, GY was greater with rhizobial inoculant. Thus, the liquid N-P formulation, applied at 6 cm depth, associated with rhizobial inoculant can improve the crop management providing better control of application uniformity, minimal soil mobilization, less fuel consumption, and increased grain yield.

scholarly journals Spacing, population density and nitrogen fertilization in corn grown in an Oxisoil

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo Lana ◽  
Leandro Rampim ◽  
Tatiane Ohland ◽  
Fernando Fávero
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The objective of this study was to evaluate yield components, leaf nitrogen content and grain yield in corn as affected by row spacing, plant density and nitrogen topdressing. The experiment was conducted with the single-cross hybrid AG 8021, in the municipality of Toledo-PR, in an Oxisoil under no-tillage system, in the crop year 2005/ 2006. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design and treatments in split-split-plots, with four replications. The two row spacings (0.45 and 0.90 m) were allocated in the main plots, the two plant densities (60,000 and 80,000 plants ha-1) were allocated in the subplots and the three nitrogen rates (80, 100, 120 and 140 kg ha-1 N) were allocated in the sub-subplots. Topdress nitrogen was applied using urea as N source. The rise of the plant population from 60,000 to 80,000 plants ha-1 and the application of topdress nitrogen resulted in increased production components. The application of topdress fertilization provided increase in leaf N content and grain yield for the spacings 0.45 m and 0.90 m. Yield was higher in the spacing 0.45 m than 0.90 m. Yield was higher with 60,000 plants than with 80,000 plants at 0.90 m, while at 0.45 m there was no difference in relation to the plant density.

scholarly journals Tillering does not interfere on white oat grain yield response to plant density

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Márcio Ender ◽  
Anderson Fernando Wamser
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Densities

Plant density is one of the cropping practices that has the largest impact on individual plant growth. This work was conducted to evaluate the response of white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars with contrasting tillering patterns to variations in plant density. Two field experiments were carried out in Lages, SC, Brazil, during the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. A split plot experimental design was used. Four oat cultivars were tested in the main plots: UFRGS 14, UFRGS 18, UPF 16 and UPF 17 using five plant densities split plots: 50, 185, 320, 455 and 550 plants m-2. Five plant samples were taken 25, 34, 48, 58 and 70 days after plant emergence to assess the treatment effects on dry matter partition between main stem and tillers. UFRGS 18 promoted dry matter allocation to tillers whereas UPF 17 directed dry mass mostly to the main stem. Differences in dry mass allocation between the main stem and tillers had no impact on grain yield, UPF 16 presenting the highest values for both growing seasons. The lack of interaction between population density and cultivar and the small effect of plant population on grain yield indicates that the oat tillering ability is not fundamental to define its grain yield.

scholarly journals Grain yield and population densities of new corn hybrids released by the INIFAP and UNAM for the High Valleys of Mexico†

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-515
Author(s):  
Margarita Tadeo-Robledo ◽  
Alejandro Espinosa-Calderón ◽  
Enrique Canales-Islas ◽  
Consuelo López-López ◽  
Benjamín Zamudio-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
H 51

In Mexico, corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals from the alimentary, industrial, social, political, and cultural points of view. It is grown in different agroecological niches, water regimes, and management systems. The objective of the present research work was to study the optimum plant density per area unit and its effect on grain yield and agronomical characteristics of different corn hybrids. Six corn hybrids (H-51 AE, H 53 AE, H 47 AE, H 49 AE, Tsíri PUMA, and H-48) and three plant densities (50 000, 65 000, and 80 000 plants ha-1) were evaluated. Sowing was done during the spring-summer season, 2015, in field owned by the FESC-UNAM and CEVAMEX-INIFAP. A completely randomized block design was used with four replicates. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were detected for genotypes (G) in the variables of grain yield, plant height, ear height, days to male and female flowering, volumetric weight, grain weight, ear length, and grains per ear. Moreover, the effect of the environment (E) was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the same variables, with the exception of ear length. No significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) were registered for the densities factor (D). Only the G×E interaction had significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the grain yield trait. The better environment was CEVAMEX, with a mean yield of 5497 kg ha-1. The Tsíri PUMA hybrid had the best grain yield with 5856 kg ha-1. Although there were no differences for the studied interactions, the 65 000 plants ha-1 population density was the most appropriate. The densities factor did not affect the performance of the evaluated hybrids. Therefore, we recommend using 65 000 plants ha-1 to avoid investing in large amounts of seeds.

Plant density and yield of grain maize in England

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYResults from 10 field experiments are reported. Inra 200, the standard variety in official maize grain trials in Britain, was grown in six of the trials; comparative information was obtained on a range of competitive commercial hybrids and an experimental, early flowering, hybrid. The final plant densities most commonly involved ranged from 5 to 20 plants/m2, with extremes of 2 and 30 plants/m2. The effects of spatial arrangement were also considered in multifactorial or systematic designs; in general, yields increased slightly with more even spacing but no evidence was adduced that spacing, within the limits likely to be encountered in commercial practice, would significantly modify interpretations of density effects.In all varieties tested, a satisfactory model for the response in yield of grain to changes in plant density was 1/y = a + bx + cx2, where y = grain yield/plant and x = density. Estimated parameter values, however, were not the same for all varieties and significant genotype × density interactions were obtained.Grain yield/unit area in Inra 200 was maximal at densities of 8–10 plants/m2, but the response curve did not have a pronounced peak; differences in average yieldat densities ranging from 6 to 14 plants/m2 were less than 6%, and yield at 20 plants/m2 was about 80% of the maximum. Other flint × dent hybrids grown commercially for grain in northern areas (Anjou 210, L.G. 11, Warwick SL 209) reached maximum grain yield/unit area at lower densities (6–8 plants/m2), and the decline in yield with increasing density was much more marked than in Inra 200. In contrast, an earlier flowering, shorter growing, experimental hybrid (ARC 51 A) did not reach maximum yield until density was raised to 14 plants/m2, and was even more tolerant of high plant densities than Inra 200. With increasing plant density the number of ears/plant declined, falling below 1–0 in Inra 200 at densities in excess of 10 plants/m2, and averaging about 0–8 at plants/m2. Over the range 6–20 plants/m2 shelling percentage was reduced by no more than 4%, but water content of the ear (grain plus rachis) increased significantly with density. In the very early hybrid, ARC 51A, the difference in water content of the ear at 6 and 20 plants/m2 was less than 3%, but in Inra 200 it averaged about 8% and in varieties less tolerant of high densities it was often ofthe order of 15%. These results could be related to the delaying effects of increasing density on time of silk emergence. Relatively, time of pollen shed was little affected by density changes. In Inra 200 the difference in time between mid-anthesis and mid-silk was about 7 days more at 20 plants/m2 than at 6 plants/m2 while in Anjou 210 and Kelvedon 59A the comparable increase was 14 days.The practical significance of the findings is discussed in relation to current grain and silage maize production practices, and to future breeding and testing programmes in Northern Europe.

scholarly journals Productivity of castor bean plants intercropped at different plant densities with Urochloa ruziziensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos F. dos S. Cordeiro ◽  
Fábio R. Echer ◽  
Lucas H. T. Pires ◽  
José E. Creste
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Densities

ABSTRACT Castor bean is an important raw material to produce biofuel in Brazil and can be grown in several regions of the country due to its good adaptation and tolerance to high temperatures and water deficit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity of castor bean plants intercropped at different plant densities with Urochloa ruziziensis. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications, using a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of four plant densities (13,574, 24,512, 36,816, and 40,723 plants ha-1) of castor bean and two crop systems (single crop, and intercrop with Urochloa ruziziensis). The data were subjected to analyses of variance and regression, and means were compared by the Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The intercrop system reduced the number of pods per plant by 15%, but it did not significantly affect the castor bean grain yield. Increasing plant density reduced linearly the proportion of plants harvested, reaching 22.1%, from the lowest to the highest plant density used; the highest grain yield was achieved using 36,816 plants ha-1 for both intercrop and single crop systems. Intercropping castor bean with U. ruziziensis does not reduce the castor bean grain yield and is an alternative to produce biomass for following crops, especially in production environments with low fertility soils, high temperatures, and infrequent rainfall.

scholarly journals Effect of water regimes and plant densities on cowpea production1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinete Martins de Sousa Monteiro ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Valdenir Queiroz Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Cowpea has been cultivated in a rudimentary form in the main producing regions of Brazil, resulting in lower grain yields, when compared to the crop potential. The use of technologies such as water regimes, adequate plant density and soil management are alternatives to increase this crop yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different water regimes and plant densities on the yield components of cowpea cultivated under conventional and no-tillage systems. A randomized block design in a split-plot factorial, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of five water regimes in the plots (157.00 mm, 189.00 mm, 234.00 mm, 274.00 mm and 320.00 mm) and five plant densities as subplots (12 plants m-2, 16 plants m-2, 20 plants m-2, 24 plants m-2 and 28 plants m-2). The evaluated variables were: number of pods per plant, number of pods per area, pod length and grain yield. The combination between 270 mm of irrigation water depth with a density of 280,000 plants ha-1 resulted in higher grain yield using the no-tillage system, while the combination between the density of 280,000 plants ha-1 and 320 mm of water depth favored the highest grain yields in the conventional growing system.

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Density and Row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on the Coastal Sandy Land Area in Nghe An Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Xuan Minh ◽  
Nguyen Cong Thanh ◽  
Tran Hau Thin ◽  
Nguyen Thi Tieng ◽  
Nguyen Thi Huong Giang
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Plant Densities

Background: Understanding the effects of different plant densities and row spacing on yield and yield components of peanut L14 is essential for designing and adjusting management practices to improve yield. Methods: Five planting densities were tested in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in 2019 spring crop on the coastal sandy land area in Dien Chau district, Nghe An, Vietnam. Result: The different density treatments affect the growth, development and yield of the peanut variety L14. With increasing plant density, the number of pod per plant, 100 pods weight, 100 seeds weight decreased, whereas plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production increased. Population yield increased with increasing plant density from the lowest density of 25 plants m-2 (2.78 tons ha-1), reached the highest at 35 plants m-2 (4.53 tons ha-1), then decreasing with increasing plant density. Peanut variety L14 is grown in plant densities and row spacing of 35 plants m-2 (25 cm × 25 cm) and 40 plants m-2 (25 cm × 20 cm) are most appropriate; plants grow, develop better and give a higher yield than other densities under the same conditions.

scholarly journals POPULATION DENSITY ON COWPEA CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENT GROWTH HABITS IN THE MATOPIBA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILTON JOSÉ CARDOSO ◽  
FRANCISCO DE BRITO MELO ◽  
VALDENIR QUEIROZ RIBEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Growth Habits

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the productive performance of cowpea cultivars with different growth habits as a function of population density in the MATOPIBA region, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in Magalhães de Almeida, MA in the agricultural season 2014/2015. The cultivars BRS Itaim, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Pajeú, which present an erect, semi-erect, and semi-prostrate growth habits, respectively, were assessed. For the erect and semi-erect cultivars, a total of 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 plants m−2 were used whereas for the semi-prostrate cultivar, a total of 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 plants m−2 were used. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and treatments composed of plant densities. Grain yield and number of pods per area presented a quadratic response to the increased plant density whereas a decreasing linear response was observed for the number of pods per plant. The maximum grain yield of erect, semi-erect, and semi-prostrate cultivars were 1,076 kg ha−1 (19.5 plants m−2), 1,252 kg ha−1 (18.7 plants m−2), and 755 kg ha−1 (14.5 plants m−2), respectively. The number of pods per area was the character that most correlated (P<0.01) with grain yield, regardless of the plant growth habit.

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