scholarly journals The Importance of Educational Level and Occupation to Adjustment to Disability Among Mobility Impaired People

Pedagogika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Laura Alčiauskaitė ◽  
Liuda Šinkariova
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Lower Educational Level ◽  
Disability Scale ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Adjustment To Disability ◽  
Mobility Impaired

Every disability results in array of reactions ranging from negative affectivity to successful acceptance of disability among mobility impaired people. Previous studies suggest that educational level and occupation are potential variables affecting adjustment to disability but there is a lack of research analysing how these variables are related to individual’s reactions to disability. The aim of the study was to assess the importance of educational level and occupation to adjustment to disability among mobility impaired people. The study sample included 275 mobility impaired individuals, aged between 18 and 79. Their adjustment to disability was assessed using two questionnaires: 1) Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory (Livneh & Antonak, 1990), measuring six emotional reactions to disability: denial, depression, internalized anger, externalized hostility, acknowledgement and adjustment; 2) Acceptance of disability scale (Linkowski, 1971). The results revealed that individuals with higher educational level reported less internalized anger and externalized hostility compared to individuals with lower educational level. In addition, employed individuals expressed less depression and internalized anger and greater adjustment than unemployed individuals. Individuals who were students at the time reported less depression and greater denial, acknowledgement and adjustment to disability compared to those who were unemployed. Students also perceived greater externalized hostility than employed individuals. The results of linear regression indicated that employment and student status but not disability related variables significantly explained the variance of acceptance of disability.

scholarly journals Parental educational level and childhood wheezing and asthma: A prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250255
Author(s):  
Yasuaki Saijo ◽  
Eiji Yoshioka ◽  
Yukihiro Sato ◽  
Toshinobu Miyamoto ◽  
Hiroshi Azuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Lower Educational Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Higher Educational

Background The influence of mothers’ and fathers’ educational levels in separate evaluations of asthma has not been fully investigated. This study aims to examine the associations of the mother’s and fathers’ educational levels with childhood wheeze and asthma adjusting for crude and pre-and post-natal modifiable risk factors. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, which recruited pregnant women from 2011 to 2014. The mother’s and father’s educational levels were surveyed by a questionnaire during the pregnancy, and childhood wheezing and doctor-diagnosed asthma were estimated using a 3-year questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the mother’s and father’s educational levels and childhood wheezing and asthma, adjusted for pre-and post-natal factors. Results A total of 69,607 pairs of parents and their single infants were analyzed. We found 17.3% of children had wheezing and 7.7% had asthma. In crude analyses, lower educational level of parents was associated with an increased risk of childhood wheezing and asthma. After full adjustment, a lower educational level of mothers was associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma (junior high school (reference: high school); odds ratio (OR): 1.17, 95% CI, 1.01–1.36), and higher educational level, especially the mother’s, was associated with an increased risk of childhood wheezing (technical junior college, technical/vocational college, or associate degree (ECD3); OR: 1.12, 95% CI, 1.06–1.18, bachelor’s degree, or postgraduate degree; OR: 1.10, 95% CI, 1.03–1.18), and asthma (ECD3; OR: 1.13, 95% CI, 1.04–1.21). Conclusions Parents’ lower educational level was a crude risk factor for childhood wheezing and asthma. However, an increased risk of wheezing due to mothers’ higher educational level was found after adjusting for pre-and post-natal factors.

Analysis of movement of persons with disabilities during evacuation by lift

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Martin Szénay ◽  
Martin Lopušniak
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Injured Person ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
The Times ◽  
Mobility Impaired

Abstract Lifts are indispensable for the evacuation of mobility-impaired people from buildings in case of emergency. It is necessary to quantify the movement parameters of these people and describe the entire process using a suitable algorithm. The aim of the research was to quantify the times and speeds of movement for a person using a wheelchair and for an injured person. An experiment in situ was used. During the experiment, arrivals at the lift, cabin entries, and exits were monitored. The results include the times and speeds of a mobility-impaired person's movement. The experiments showed that a person using a wheelchair was slower than an injured person. The results can be used to expand computational models to account for the possibility of using lifts for evacuation.

Prevalence of Misconceptions about Diabetes and their Association with Metabolic and Psychological Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Hernández-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Educational Assistance ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Lower Educational Level ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Glucose Management

Objective: To evaluate misconceptions about diabetes in people who attend the first visit at the CAIPaDi program, as well as its association with metabolic and psychological variables at short and long term. Methods and Analysis: The frequency of misconceptions in diabetes was determined through a true/false survey. We compared sociodemographic, metabolic and psychological variables between people with and without misconceptions at baseline, at 3 months and 1 year after a multidisciplinary educational program. Results: 902 participants answered the survey, with an age of 50 ±10 years old, 54.3% were women, with 1 (0-5) years living with type 2 diabetes. At baseline, 53% of the participants had at least 1 misconception, being more frequent in women (p=0.045) and in population with lower educational level (p<0.001). The most common were "emotional stress and fright cause diabetes" (34.4%), "in the control of my diabetes only matters glucose management" (15.2%) and "women with diabetes should not get pregnant" (11.8%). At basal, patients with misconceptions had higher HbA1c (9.0 ± 2.6 vs 8.4 ± 2.4, p <0.001), lower quality of life (DQOL 95.2 ± 26.2 vs 90.2 ± 23.6, p = 0.03), more problematic areas in diabetes (41.2 [21.2-58.4] vs 35 [17.5-52.6], p = 0.01), more depression (42.6% vs 32.9%, p = 0.003) and anxiety (58.6% vs 40.6%, p = 0.001) compared to patients without misconceptions. With the exception of HbA1c (6.6 ± 1 vs 6.4 ± 0.8, p = 0.025 at 1 year), no differences were observed in the annual visits. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of people with misconceptions in diabetes. This group had worst glycaemic control, higher scores in PAID questionnaire, lower quality of life and more depression and anxiety symptoms. Participants with misconceptions had lower educational level. An educative program an educational assistance program can minimize differences by eradicating misconceptions.

scholarly journals The Roots of the Obesity Boom. The Relationship Between Overweight and Educational Level Among Dutch Men, 1950–1979

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Björn Quanjer ◽  
Kristina Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Lower Educational Level ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

While in modern, high-income populations, obesity is associated with being from a low socio-economic background, this may not have always been the case. We test the relationship between obesity and educational level (as a proxy for socio-economic status) in a historical cohort of Dutch military conscripts, from the conscription years 1950–1979. We find that in the 1950s cohort, being in tertiary education was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight. In contrast, in the 1970s cohort, being in tertiary education was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of being overweight. We find evidence that the prevalence of obesity remained broadly similar among more highly educated men, while it increased among men of a lower educational level. This likely contributed to the overall rise in the obesity rate. Our findings echo other studies that find a crossover in education’s relationship to BMI as populations become wealthier and obesity rates rise.

scholarly journals What’s important to you? Socioeconomic inequalities in the perceived importance of health compared to other life domains

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne E. Verra ◽  
Maartje P. Poelman ◽  
Andrea L. Mudd ◽  
Emely de Vet ◽  
Sofie van Rongen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Future Focus

Abstract Background Pressing issues, like financial concerns, may outweigh the importance people attach to health. This study tested whether health, compared to other life domains, was considered more important by people in high versus low socioeconomic positions, with future focus and financial strain as potential explanatory factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 among N=1,330 Dutch adults. Participants rated the importance of two health-related domains (not being ill, living a long life) and seven other life domains (e.g., work, family) on a five-point scale. A latent class analysis grouped participants in classes with similar patterns of importance ratings. Differences in class membership according to socioeconomic position (indicated by income and education) were examined using structural equation modelling, with future focus and financial strain as mediators. Results Three classes were identified, which were defined as: neutralists, who found all domains neutral or unimportant (3.5% of the sample); hedonists, who found most domains important except living a long life, work, and religion (36.2%); and maximalists, who found nearly all domains important, including both health domains (60.3%). Of the neutralists, 38% considered not being ill important, and 30% considered living a long life important. For hedonists, this was 92% and 39%, respectively, and for maximalists this was 99% and 87%, respectively. Compared to belonging to the maximalists class, a low income predicted belonging to the neutralists, and a higher educational level and unemployment predicted belonging to the hedonists. No mediation pathways via future focus or financial strain were found. Conclusions Lower income groups were less likely to consider not being ill important. Those without paid employment and those with a higher educational level were less likely to consider living a long life important. Neither future focus nor financial strain explained these inequalities. Future research should investigate socioeconomic differences in conceptualisations of health, and if inequalities in the perceived importance of health are associated with inequalities in health. To support individuals dealing with challenging circumstances in daily life, health-promoting interventions could align to the life domains perceived important to reach their target group and to prevent widening socioeconomic health inequalities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Medication-Dietary Supplement Combined Use and Associated Factors

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2466
Author(s):  
Ignacio Aznar-Lou ◽  
Cristina Carbonell-Duacastella ◽  
Ana Rodriguez ◽  
Inés Mera ◽  
Maria Rubio-Valera
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor Blocker ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
Interaction Factors ◽  
Higher Educational

Introduction: The use of medication has increased in recent years in the US while the use of dietary supplements has remained stable but high. Interactions between these two kinds of products may have important consequences, especially in the case of widely used medications such as antihypertensives and antibiotics. The aim of this paper is to estimate the prevalence of potentially serious drug–dietary supplement interactions among tetracyclines, thiazides, and angiotensin II receptor blocker users by means of the NHANES 2013–2014 dataset. Methods: Data from 2013–2014 NHANES were obtained. Potential interactions analysed were tetracyclines with calcium, magnesium, and zinc, thiazides with vitamin D, and angiotensin II receptors blockers with potassium. Prevalence was calculated for each potential interaction. Logistic regression was used to assess associated factors. Results: 864 prescriptions issued to 820 patients were analysed. Overall prevalence of potential interaction was 49%. Older age and higher educational level were strongly associated with being at risk of a potential interaction. Factors such as age, race, civil status, citizenship, country of birth, BMI, and physical activity did not show notable associations. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals should be aware of other medical products when they prescribe or dispense a medication or a dietary supplement, especially to the older population and people with a higher educational level.

scholarly journals T68. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLOBAL AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN A GENERAL HOSPITAL IN PERU

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S257-S257
Author(s):  
Jeff Huarcaya
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Current

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder, which produces high costs and has a substantial impact on health care budgets globally. This is mainly due to poor global and cognitive functioning in these patients. The objective of this study was to relate global functioning and cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia who attend the outpatient clinic of a general hospital in Peru during the years 2018–2019. Methods Non-experimental quantitative study of descriptive cross-sectional correlational type. The sample was for convenience, and consisted of 53 patients with schizophrenia from the “Hospital Nacional de la PNP”. Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) was used to assess global functioning, the Screen for Cognitive Impairment (SCIP), cognitive functioning, and a data collection sheets with the history of the disease. The relationship between FAST and SCIP with the qualitative variables was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test or Student’s t test depending on whether they met the normality assumptions. The linear correlation between the FAST, the SCIP and the other quantitative variables was evaluated using Spearman’s Rho. A multiple linear regression model was constructed in which all variables other than the total FAST result are considered using the forward method. Results It was found that 34 (62.2%) were male; 52 (98.1%), single; 39, (73.6%) without a current job. We found worse overall functioning in patients with lower educational level (p = 0.005) and without a current job (p = 0.004). The total FAST was correlated with the time of the disease (ρ = 0.334, p &lt;0.05) and with the number of previous psychotic episodes (ρ = 0.354, p &lt;0.01). We found worse cognitive functioning in patients with lower educational level (p = 0.000) and without a current job (p = 0.017). The SCIP total was correlated to the FAST (ρ = 0.542, p &lt;0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis with the total FAST score as the explained variable evidenced the existence of a relationship between variables that is explained by the equation: Y = 57.032 + (-0.521) X1 + (1.896) X2 Where Y is the total FAST score, X1 the total SCIP and X2 the number of previous psychotic episodes. The coefficient of determination was 0.392 and the mean square error of 161.46. The Durbin-Watson statistic was 1,529. Discussion This is the first exploratory pilot analysis of the factors associated with global functioning, with special emphasis on cognitive functioning and the history of the disease, in Peruvian patients with schizophrenia. Patients with higher educational level and those who have a current job showed a better global and cognitive functioning. It was found an indirect and significant relationship of moderate intensity between cognitive functioning and its subtest with global functioning, that is, a lower level of cognitive functioning is related to greater difficulties in the daily functioning of patients with schizophrenia. Both the bivariate analysis and the linear regression model found a relationship between global and cognitive functioning. In the multiple linear regression model, it was found that the total SCIP was the one that had the most influence on global functioning (Beta = -0.528), that is, lower levels of cognitive functioning are related to high levels of poor global functioning. Taking these results into account, we recommend implementing functional and cognitive evaluation programs in patients with schizophrenia at the “Hospital Nacional de la PNP”. Future longitudinal studies should be performed on samples from larger patients, especially with a first psychotic episode, with the purpose of seeking a cause-effect relationship between global and cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Preservice Teachers' Preferred Definitions of Intelligence, and Related Demographics (Age, Gender, Educational Level, Academic Domains and educational Psychology Enrollment), as Predictors of their Implicit Beliefs of Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Michelle Bacchiocchi
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Implicit Beliefs ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Definition Of

Problem Just as teachers help their students bridge their prior knowledge to new understandings of ideas including conceptions of intelligence, preservice teachers as future teachers are undergoing the same training and work environment. Preservice teachers' implicit beliefs and their preferred definitions of intelligence are important, since as persons of authority they influence children and their beliefs about ability. For future teachers, there is limited empirical evidence exploring preservice teachers' implicit beliefs about intelligence and how they define intelligence. Method A survey was used to collect data on implicit beliefs about intelligence and definitions of intelligence from a sample of 262 preservice teachers from the Midwestern United States. Data was analyzed to understand the relationship between the independent variables of age, gender, educational level, academic domains, and educational psychology coursework, and the dependent variables of implicit beliefs about intelligence and preferred definitions of intelligence. Results The study showed that, in general, preservice teachers have a growth mindset regarding intelligence and ability. With non-parametric chi-square testing, the analysis demonstrated that preservice teachers have a preferred definition of intelligence and the majority preferred a definition that supports different learning styles. Using linear regression, the results indicated that preservice teacher's implicit beliefs about intelligence predicted their preferred definition of intelligence. Utilizing multiple linear regression, the study also indicated that younger teachers and females were more likely to endorse a growth mindset. Conclusions Implicit beliefs about intelligence and the preferred definitions of intelligence for preservice teachers were confirmed. With this information, preservice teachers can be better prepared to serve their future students. The conclusions collected from this study can be a stimulus for conversations among educator preparation institution faculty who are training preservice teachers and give them insights into how they can better support those preservice teachers who have fixed views of intelligence.

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