Mariculture of the Oyster Toadfish: Juvenile Growth and Survival

2003 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Mensinger ◽  
Nichole Price ◽  
Hazel Richmond ◽  
John Forsythe ◽  
Roger Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Oyster Toadfish

scholarly journals Environmental and Life-history Factors Influencing  Juvenile Demography of a Temperate Reef Fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anna Clare Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Habitat Composition ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Larval Traits

<p>Realistic population models and effective conservation strategies require a thorough understanding of the processes that drive variation in individual growth and survival, particularly within life stages that are subject to high mortality. For fragmented marine populations it is also important to consider how processes driving variation performance may vary through space and time. In this study I assess the interaction of two primary factors driving juvenile demography: benthic habitat composition and larval history traits, in a temperate reef fish, Forsterygion lapillum (the common triplefin). It is well understood that juveniles of many marine organisms are closely associated with structured nearshore habitats as they provide resources (refuge and food sources) that are critical for juvenile growth and/or survival. Nursery habitats are often assessed using measures of fitness of juveniles inhabiting them (e.g. rates of growth). However individual fitness measures may not only be indicative of conditions experienced in the benthic phase, but also an individual's prior history. Recent evidence suggests that variation in larval traits at settlement (e.g., size and age at settlement, larval growth rate) can impact on subsequent ecological performance (e.g., feeding ability and/or predator avoidance) and therefore influence subsequent fitness (i.e. rates of growth and/or probabilities of survival). I used otolith microstructure to assess separate and joint effects of habitat composition and larval traits on the growth of young F. lapillum. Both macroalgal composition of habitat patches and larval traits affected juvenile growth rates, and results suggested that habitat composition may have the potential to mediate fitness-related advantages that may accrue to certain individuals as a result of paternal effects and/or larval dispersal history. Quantifying spatio-temporal variability in the post-settlement fitness of Individuals with that differ in larval traits is essential for effective spatial management of marine populations. I further explore the joint effects of macroalgal composition and larval traits, within the context of additional spatial and temporal environmental variation. Results provide direct evidence that habitat can mediate the strength of carryover effects, but that the impact of habitat was variable between local populations and settlement events through time. In chapter 4 of my thesis, I focus on how small-scale variation in macroalgal composition within a nursery habitat (while controlling for individual variation) can affect the strength of density dependent growth and survival rates of F. lapillum. Density-dependent survival is evident during the first 30 days after settlement, and the strength of density dependence varied as a function of macroalgal composition. Resulting variation in estimates of nursery value (i.e., the number of late-stage juveniles produced per area unit of habitat) highlight the importance of incorporating local scale variation in juvenile demography into assessments of nursery habitat. Lastly, I assess a potential strategy of fishes to persist in a wide range of benthic environments. The ability to adjust traits (i.e., phenotypic plasticity) may allow organisms that encounter a range of unpredictable environmental conditions to maximise fitness within a single generation. In chapter 5 I explore patterns of variation in morphology of juvenile F. lapillum from two different subpopulations and from different macroalgal habitats. I evaluate possible evidence for constraints on morphological variation arising from variation in growth rate prior to and following settlement. Results suggest that for organisms with complex life cycles, variation in growth rates experienced during dispersal may constrain plasticity in later stages.</p>

Juvenile growth and survival under dietary restriction: are males and females equal?

Oikos ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Le Galliard ◽  
R. Ferriere ◽  
J. Clobert
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Males And Females

scholarly journals The impact of a vertically transmitted microsporidian, Nosema granulosis on the fitness of its Gammarus duebeni host under stressful environmental conditions

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KELLY ◽  
M. J. HATCHER ◽  
A. M. DUNN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Host Growth ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Although purely vertically transmitted parasites are predicted to cause low pathogenicity in their hosts, the effects of such parasites on host fitness under stressful environmental conditions have not previously been assessed. Here, we investigate the effects of Nosema granulosis, a vertically transmitted, microsporidian parasite of the brackish water amphipod Gammarus duebeni, on host growth and survival under conditions of host–host competition and limited food. The parasite had no effect on host survival, but caused a reduction in juvenile growth. Stressful environmental conditions also led to a reduction in G. duebeni growth. However, we found no evidence to support the prediction that parasitized hosts would suffer a greater reduction in fitness than uninfected hosts under adverse environmental conditions. We interpret our results in the context of selection for successful vertical parasite transmission.

scholarly journals Juvenile growth and survival of heat-shocked triploid hybrid saugeyes, Stizostedion vitreum  × S. canadense

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. R. GARCIA-ABIADO ◽  
W. E. LYNCH ◽  
K. DABROWSKI ◽  
S. CZESNY ◽  
J. RINCHARD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Triploid Hybrid ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival

scholarly journals Environmental and Life-history Factors Influencing  Juvenile Demography of a Temperate Reef Fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anna Clare Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Habitat Composition ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Larval Traits

<p>Realistic population models and effective conservation strategies require a thorough understanding of the processes that drive variation in individual growth and survival, particularly within life stages that are subject to high mortality. For fragmented marine populations it is also important to consider how processes driving variation performance may vary through space and time. In this study I assess the interaction of two primary factors driving juvenile demography: benthic habitat composition and larval history traits, in a temperate reef fish, Forsterygion lapillum (the common triplefin). It is well understood that juveniles of many marine organisms are closely associated with structured nearshore habitats as they provide resources (refuge and food sources) that are critical for juvenile growth and/or survival. Nursery habitats are often assessed using measures of fitness of juveniles inhabiting them (e.g. rates of growth). However individual fitness measures may not only be indicative of conditions experienced in the benthic phase, but also an individual's prior history. Recent evidence suggests that variation in larval traits at settlement (e.g., size and age at settlement, larval growth rate) can impact on subsequent ecological performance (e.g., feeding ability and/or predator avoidance) and therefore influence subsequent fitness (i.e. rates of growth and/or probabilities of survival). I used otolith microstructure to assess separate and joint effects of habitat composition and larval traits on the growth of young F. lapillum. Both macroalgal composition of habitat patches and larval traits affected juvenile growth rates, and results suggested that habitat composition may have the potential to mediate fitness-related advantages that may accrue to certain individuals as a result of paternal effects and/or larval dispersal history. Quantifying spatio-temporal variability in the post-settlement fitness of Individuals with that differ in larval traits is essential for effective spatial management of marine populations. I further explore the joint effects of macroalgal composition and larval traits, within the context of additional spatial and temporal environmental variation. Results provide direct evidence that habitat can mediate the strength of carryover effects, but that the impact of habitat was variable between local populations and settlement events through time. In chapter 4 of my thesis, I focus on how small-scale variation in macroalgal composition within a nursery habitat (while controlling for individual variation) can affect the strength of density dependent growth and survival rates of F. lapillum. Density-dependent survival is evident during the first 30 days after settlement, and the strength of density dependence varied as a function of macroalgal composition. Resulting variation in estimates of nursery value (i.e., the number of late-stage juveniles produced per area unit of habitat) highlight the importance of incorporating local scale variation in juvenile demography into assessments of nursery habitat. Lastly, I assess a potential strategy of fishes to persist in a wide range of benthic environments. The ability to adjust traits (i.e., phenotypic plasticity) may allow organisms that encounter a range of unpredictable environmental conditions to maximise fitness within a single generation. In chapter 5 I explore patterns of variation in morphology of juvenile F. lapillum from two different subpopulations and from different macroalgal habitats. I evaluate possible evidence for constraints on morphological variation arising from variation in growth rate prior to and following settlement. Results suggest that for organisms with complex life cycles, variation in growth rates experienced during dispersal may constrain plasticity in later stages.</p>

Brown trout (Salmo trutta) habitat use and life history in Swedish streams: possible effects of biotic interactions

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingemar Näslund ◽  
Erik Degerman ◽  
Fredrik Nordwall
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
National Database ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

To test if habitat use and life history of stream-dwelling brown trout (Salmo trutta) differed between allopatric and sympatric situations, we compared three streams with differing fish communities and used data from a large national database containing electrofishing results from Swedish streams. In the three-creek study, allopatric brown trout used all habitats and shifted from nursery areas in riffles to pool habitats, where adult growth and survival were higher. Mainly females shifted habitat and this was undertaken after age 1. Sympatric brown trout under intense pressure from other fish species remained in the riffles throughout their life cycle. Under moderate pressure from other species, larger brown trout used slow-flowing habitats. Early growth was more rapid in sympatry. Sympatric brown trout also had a lower adult to juvenile growth ratio and lower adult survival and matured earlier than allopatric brown trout. The data from the nationwide database showed that frequency of occurrence and abundance of brown trout were negatively associated with the number of coexisting fish species. It was also verified that the habitat shifts between riffles and pools were more common and possibly more beneficial in terms of growth and survival in allopatry. In addition the existence of differences in juvenile growth between allopatric and sympatric populations was verified.

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