scholarly journals Cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer's disease: A potential relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koutsouraki E ◽  
Michmizos D
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Potential Relationship

scholarly journals The Links between Cardiovascular Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-169
Author(s):  
Jerzy Leszek ◽  
Elizaveta V. Mikhaylenko ◽  
Dmitrii M. Belousov ◽  
Efrosini Koutsouraki ◽  
Katarzyna Szczechowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wide Range

: The root cause of non-inherited Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unknown despite hundreds of research studies performed to attempt to solve this problem. Since proper prophylaxis remains the best strategy, many scientists have studied the risk factors that may affect AD development. There is robust evidence supporting the hypothesis that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may contribute to AD progression, as the diseases often coexist. Therefore, a lack of well-defined diagnostic criteria makes studying the relationship between AD and CVD complicated. Additionally, inflammation accompanies the pathogenesis of AD and CVD, and is not only a consequence but also implicated as a significant contributor to the course of the diseases. Of note, АроЕε4 is found to be one of the major risk factors affecting both the cardiovascular and nervous systems. According to genome wide association and epidemiological studies, numerous common risk factors have been associated with the development of AD-related pathology. Furthermore, the risk of developing AD and CVDs appears to be increased by a wide range of conditions and lifestyle factors: hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, gut/oral microbiota, physical activity, and diet. This review summarizes the literature and provides possible mechanistic links between CVDs and AD.

scholarly journals Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: the physiological and molecular characteristics in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
Justyna Pawlik ◽  
Dorota Wrześniok
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
The Impact

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is involved in reverse cholesterol transport, mediates the exchange of cholesteryl esters for triglycerides between high-density lipoproteinsand low-density lipoproteins/very low-density lipoproteins. Lipid transfer mechanism by CETP is unknown. Two main models have been proposed for the mechanism of action of CETP: shuttle and tunnel mechanisms. The variants of CETP gene affect activity and level of protein, thus they are associated with lipid profile and risk of many diseases. Some clinical studies reported that polymorphisms of CETP, including TaqIB and I405V, are associated with risk of atherosclerosis and/or Alzheimer’s disease. CETP plays important role an in the metabolism of cholesterol, thus is correlated with pathomechanism of coronary artery disease. Inhibition of CETP can be an effective strategy to improve the lipid profile and reduce risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies to reduce activity of CETP or decrease its level are developed. Effectiveness of following pharmacological methods of modulation of CETP activity was studied: anti-CETP vaccines, antisense oligonucleotide and small molecule inhibitors of CETP. This article presents an overview of the literature on the correlation between cardiovascular diseases and CETP protein/CETP gene. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of CETP on pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Obesity in India and Its Neurological Implications: A Multifactor Analysis of a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312098746
Author(s):  
Murali Venkatrao ◽  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
Vijaya Majumdar ◽  
Suchitra S Patil ◽  
Sunanda Rathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
And Gender

Background: India is undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition, from underweight to overweight/obese population. Obesity is a major risk factor in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and is also implicated as a factor in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. A robust, pan-Indian estimate of obesity is not yet available. Purpose: This study estimates the pan-Indian prevalence of obesity, stratified across nonmodifiable (age and gender) and modifiable (education and physical activity levels) factors, and across zones and urban/rural. Methodology: Data for 1,00,531 adults from a nationwide randomized cluster sample survey ( Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharata 2017, phase 1) were analyzed. Obesity was determined using body mass index, and cross-tabulations were calculated across zones, age, gender, education, physical activity, and area. To determine statistical significance, t-tests were used. The odds of obesity within each category of the various factors were calculated using binary logistic regression. Results: Prevalence of obesity in India is 40.3%. Zonal variations were seen as follows: south highest at 46.51% and east lowest at 32.96%. Obesity was higher among women than men (41.88% vs. 38.67%), urban than rural (44.17% vs. 36.08%), and over 40 than under 40 (45.81% vs. 34.58%). More education implied a higher obesity (44.6% college vs. 38% uneducated), as did lowered physical activity (43.71% inactive vs. 32.56% vigorously active). The odds ratio for physical activity was 3.83, stronger than age (1.58), education (1.4), urban (1.3), and gender (1.2). Conclusion: Obesity levels in India are very high, across all zones. The odds of being obese increases with age, and is higher among women and among urban dwellers. Obesity is the highest among aging urban men and women who are college educated and are sedentary. Physical activity and aging are the strongest determinants of obesity. Given the high cost of obesity in terms of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease, urgent public health measures are necessary to reduce its impact.

Interrelationship between Alzheimer’s disease and cardiac dysfunction: the brain–heart continuum?

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjie Yang ◽  
Congye Li ◽  
Yingmei Zhang ◽  
Jun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cardiac Anomalies ◽  
Cardiac Pump Function

Abstract Dementia, a devastating neurological disorder commonly found in the elderly, is characterized by severe cognitive and memory impairment. Ample clinical and epidemiological evidence has depicted a close association between dementia and heart failure. While cerebral blood under perfusion and neurohormonal activation due to the dampened cardiac pump function contribute to the loss of nutrient supply and neuronal injury, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, also provokes cardiovascular function impairment, in particular impairment of diastolic function. Aggregation of amyloid-β proteins and mutations of Presenilin (PSEN) genes are believed to participate in the pathological changes in the heart although it is still debatable with regards to the pathological cue of cardiac anomalies in AD process. In consequence, reduced cerebral blood flow triggered by cardiac dysfunction further deteriorates vascular dementia and AD pathology. Patients with atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and other cardiac anomalies are at a higher risk for cognitive decline and dementia. Conclusion: Due to the increased incidence of dementia and cardiovascular diseases, the coexistence of the two will cause more threat to public health, warranting much more attention. Here, we will update recent reports on dementia, AD, and cardiovascular diseases and discuss the causal relationship between dementia and heart dysfunction.

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