scholarly journals Bi-objective Optimization for Battery Electric Bus Deployment Considering Cost and Environmental Equity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Liu ◽  
◽  
Yirong Zhou ◽  
Ran Wei ◽  
Aaron Golub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Equity ◽  
Electric Bus

scholarly journals Are PBDEs an environmental equity concern? Exposure disparities by socioeconomic status

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (15) ◽  
pp. 5691-5692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami R. Zota ◽  
Gary Adamkiewicz ◽  
Rachel A. Morello-Frosch
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Environmental Equity ◽  
Equity Concern

scholarly journals Implementing Electromobility in Public Transport in Poland in 1990–2020. A Review of Experiences and Evaluation of the Current Development Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4009
Author(s):  
Marcin Połom ◽  
Paweł Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Regional Authorities

Public transport has undergone major changes in recent years. In particular, they relate to the issue of environmental impact. Due to the significant emission of pollutants from the economy, in particular from the transport segment, member states of the European Union have taken measures to limit its scope. Only low-emission and zero-emission vehicles are to be used in transport, and mainly those that are powered by electricity in public transport. The development of battery technologies has led to a revolution in the range and operational capabilities of electric buses in the last decade. They have become a seemingly easy alternative to traditional electric vehicles in public transport—trams and trolleybuses. This article presents the possibilities and limitations of the development of public transport in Poland based on electric buses. An attempt was made to review the literature and compare the possibility of the functioning of buses, trams and trolleybuses in the Polish socio-economic, environmental and technological conditions. The article was based on a literature query, an analysis of unpublished materials, and a qualitative analysis of national programs endorsing the idea of electromobility as well as an online survey on the perception of electric public transport. The main goal of the article was to identify and evaluate the possibilities of developing public transport in Poland with the use of electric buses. The main results of the work include the demonstration that the optics of the national and regional authorities in Poland are focused mainly on electric buses without a thorough analysis of the legitimacy of their operation, especially in small towns. The incentive in the form of subsidizing the purchase of an electric bus is sufficient for them, and the future effects of using electric buses are not investigated.

scholarly journals Route scheduling for centralized electric bus depots

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Amra Jahic ◽  
Maik Plenz ◽  
Mina Eskander ◽  
Detlef Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Electric Bus ◽  
Route Scheduling

Electric bus fleet composition and scheduling

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 103197
Author(s):  
Şule Yıldırım ◽  
Barış Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Electric Bus ◽  
Fleet Composition

scholarly journals A Planning Method for Partially Grid-Connected Bus Rapid Transit Systems Operating with In-Motion Charging Batteries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2550
Author(s):  
Andrés E. Díez ◽  
Mauricio Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Planning Method ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Infrastructure Planning ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Decision Variables

This paper presents an electrical infrastructure planning method for transit systems that operate with partially grid-connected vehicles incorporating on-board batteries. First, the state-of-the-art of electric transit systems that combine grid-connected and battery-based operation is briefly described. Second, the benefits of combining a grid connection and battery supply in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems are introduced. Finally, the planning method is explained and tested in a BRT route in Medellin, Colombia, using computational simulations in combination with real operational data from electric buses that are currently operating in this transit line. Unlike other methods and approaches for Battery Electric Bus (BEB) infrastructure planning, the proposed technique is system-focused, rather than solely limited to the vehicles. The objective of the technique, from the vehicle’s side, is to assist the planner in the correct sizing of batteries and power train capacity, whereas from the system side the goal is to locate and size the route sections to be electrified. These decision variables are calculated with the objective of minimizing the installed battery and achieve minimum Medium Voltage (MV) network requirements, while meeting all technical and reliability conditions. The method proved to be useful to find a minimum feasible cost solution for partially electrifying a BRT line with In-motion Charging (IMC) technology.

scholarly journals Asymptotic Stability of Nonlinear Discrete Fractional Pantograph Equations with Non-Local Initial Conditions

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Jehad Alzabut ◽  
A. George Maria Selvam ◽  
Rami Ahmad El-Nabulsi ◽  
D. Vignesh ◽  
Mohammad Esmael Samei
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Asymptotic Stability ◽  
Fixed Point Theorems ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Stability Of Solutions ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Pantograph Equation ◽  
Non Local

Pantograph, the technological successor of trolley poles, is an overhead current collector of electric bus, electric trains, and trams. In this work, we consider the discrete fractional pantograph equation of the form Δ*β[k](t)=wt+β,k(t+β),k(λ(t+β)), with condition k(0)=p[k] for t∈N1−β, 0<β≤1, λ∈(0,1) and investigate the properties of asymptotic stability of solutions. We will prove the main results by the aid of Krasnoselskii’s and generalized Banach fixed point theorems. Examples involving algorithms and illustrated graphs are presented to demonstrate the validity of our theoretical findings.

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