Drug Conviction and Employment Restriction: Experiences of Employees with Drug-Related Criminal Histories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Liana Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Histories

The Relation Between Social Factors and Criminal Histories of Juveniles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Hammond ◽  
M. J. Shaw ◽  
J. Allan ◽  
T. S. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Criminal Histories

Found Out and Opting Out

2016 ◽  
Vol 665 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Esther Lageson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
The Relationship

Online criminal histories document and publicize even minor brushes with the law and represent people who may not even be guilty of any crime. This has dramatically changed the relationship that millions of Americans have with the criminal justice system and may affect their social and private lives. Drawing on interviews and fieldwork with people attempting to expunge and legally seal their criminal records, I explore how online versions of these records impact family relationships. Many who appear on mug shot and criminal history websites are arrestees who are never formally charged or convicted of a crime. The indiscriminate posting of all types of justice contact on websites may impact those who, for the most part, desist from crime and are core contributors to their family and community. I find that many of those who are affected by the stigma of online records did not know that records existed until they “popped up” unexpectedly, and that this experience leads them to self-select out of family duties that contribute to child well-being.

Who are the Respondents of Domestic Violence Protection Orders?

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Protection Orders ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Couple Violence ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Protection Order

This study examined a sample of both male and female respondents of applications for domestic violence protection orders in Queensland, Australia. The socio-demographic characteristics and criminal histories of respondents of only one domestic violence protection order (DVPO) application were compared with respondents of multiple DVPO applications. No differences were found between the groups in socio-economic background or ethnicity. The respondent's gender, marital status, and criminal history discriminated among respondents. Females were respondents on only one DVPO application. Respondents on cross applications were more likely to be married. Men who were respondents on multiple DVPO applications were more likely to have non-spousal violent criminal histories than men involved in only one protection order application. However, Indigenous people and people from disadvantaged areas were over-represented in the sample. These results of this study provide support for Johnson's (1995) concept of two distinct forms of couple violence. The implications of these findings for understanding the nature of domestic violence and managing violent offenders are discussed.

Early-career offending trajectories among outlaw motorcycle gang members

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Voce ◽  
Anthony Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Early Career ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Criminal Enterprise ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Offending Trajectories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

This study examines the criminal histories of outlaw motorcycle gang (OMCG) members during adolescence and early adulthood to determine whether the profile of young members has changed over time. The recorded offence histories of three cohorts of members—those born between 1979 and 1983, 1984 and 1988, and 1989 and 1993—were compared. Seventy-eight percent of OMCG members across all three cohorts had at least one recorded offence between the ages of 12 and 24. The majority of offenders did not desist but continued offending at a steady rate into adulthood. The youngest cohort in the study was more likely than the middle and older cohorts to have a criminal history and follow a high-rate offending trajectory. Members of the youngest cohort were also more likely to have been apprehended for violence and intimidation, weapons and ongoing criminal enterprise offences by their early twenties. These results suggest that OMCGs are recruiting younger members, who are becoming involved in gang-related offending earlier in life, or that individuals with a history of offending are becoming more likely to join or be recruited into OMCGs.

The Development of the VP-SAFvR: An Actuarial Instrument for Police Triage of Australian Family Violence Reports

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy E. McEwan ◽  
Daniel E. Shea ◽  
James R. P. Ogloff
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Australian Family ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Development And Validation

This study describes the rationale, development, and validation of the Victoria Police Screening Assessment for Family Violence Risk (VP-SAFvR). The actuarial instrument was developed on a sample of 24,446 Australian police reports from 2013-2014. Information from each report and criminal histories of those involved were collected with 12-month follow-up, and binary logistic regression used to develop an improper predictive model. The selected VP-SAFvR cut-off score correctly identified almost three quarters of cases with further reports, while half of those without were accurately excluded. It was effective for frontline police triage decision-making, with few screened-out cases reporting further family violence, while those screened-in required additional risk assessment. Predictive validity was adequate and consistent across family relationships and demographic groups, although it was less effective in predicting future family violence reports involving same-sex couples or child perpetrators. Further evaluation in a field trial is necessary to determine the validity of the VP-SAFvR in practice.

Criminal histories of a subsample of animal cruelty offenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey Levitt ◽  
Tia A. Hoffer ◽  
Ann B. Loper
Keyword(s):  
Animal Cruelty ◽  
Criminal Histories

scholarly journals The Criminal Histories of Drug-Drive Offenders

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Nunn
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
First Year ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level ◽  
Criminological Theories

Abstract This study examined the previous criminal behaviour of individuals who were arrested for violating the drug driving over the prescribed limit offence, introduced into the UK in March 2015. The sample consists of individuals arrested during the first year of enforcement of this offence from March 2015 to March 2016 within the jurisdictional boundaries of the Metropolitan Police Service in London. The previous criminal behaviour of the research subjects was framed within a number of criminological theories and there is examination of any correlation between their criminal history and the drug-driving offence they had been arrested for. The criminal activity was obtained from each individual’s criminal record held on the police national computer and coded with regards to offence groups. As well as criminal sanctions, there was also an examination of drug-related arrest histories. The results indicate a high level of previous criminal activity with drugs and driving matters dominating that activity. This supports the construct that, in this context, drug driving fits within their patterns of offending.

Criminal Careers and Immigration: An Analysis of Offending Over the Life Course Among Homicide Inmates in Texas

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110399
Author(s):  
Erin A. Orrick ◽  
Chris Guerra ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Criminal Careers ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
The Life Course

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in patterns of criminal arrests between US citizens and foreign citizens among a sample of individuals incarcerated for homicide in Texas. Data for this project come from administrative records of inmates incarcerated in Texas for homicide. Drawing from the criminal careers literature, official arrest records are assessed to compare differences in criminal histories with growth curve models for the examination of criminal careers of non-Texas born US citizens and foreign citizens. Notable findings are that the age-crime curves are remarkably similar between the two groups, but the curves differ in degree, with those of US citizens peaking significantly higher across all crime types examined.

Deinstitutionalization and Increased Arrest Rates among the Mentally Disordered

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Pogrebin ◽  
Eric D. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Arrest Rates ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Police Decision Making ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Mental Health Programs

Policies of deinstitutionalization, together with a general tightening of civil commitment laws and inadequate funding for community-based programs, have resulted in an increase of mentally ill people on the streets. Growing numbers of former mental patients and individuals whose bizarre behavior might have landed them in a state hospital bed a few years ago are now being arrested and ending up in jail. Four key areas––deinstitutionalization, police decision making, decline of mental health programs, and criminal histories of mental patients—are examined with respect to the shifting of mentally disordered persons from the mental health system to the criminal justice system.

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