scholarly journals Lateral Deformation Behavior of Mass Timber Beam to Column Gravity Connection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Williams
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Lateral Deformation ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Mass Timber

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on Large Lateral Deformation Behavior of Pile Groups in Ground of Coahesive Soil.

2000 ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Isamu ONO ◽  
Kiyoomi YAMADA ◽  
Yukio KIKUTA ◽  
Sei MATSUURA ◽  
Katsuya OKADA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Lateral Deformation ◽  
Pile Groups

Fire performance of hybrid mass timber beam-end connections with perpendicular-to-wood grain reinforcement

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwamuyiwa Okunrounmu ◽  
Osama (Sam) Salem ◽  
George Hadjisophocleous
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Rotational Behaviour ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
Wood Grain ◽  
Mass Timber

PurposeThe fire resistance of timber structures is heavily dependent on the fire behaviour of the connections between its structural elements. The experimental study presented in this paper aimed to investigate the fire performance of glued-laminated timber beam connections reinforced perpendicular-to-wood grain with self-tapping screws (STS).Design/methodology/approachTwo full-size fire experiments were conducted on glulam beam-end connections loaded in flexure bending. Two connection configurations, each utilizing four steel bolts arranged in two different patterns, were reinforced perpendicular to wood grain using STS. The bolt heads and nuts and the steel plate top and bottom edges were fire protected using wood plugs and strips, respectively. Each connection configuration was loaded to 100% of the ultimate design load of the weakest unreinforced configuration. The test assemblies were exposed to elevated temperatures that followed the CAN/ULC-S101 standard fire time–temperature curve.FindingsThe experimental results show that the influence of the STS was significant as it prevented the occurrence of wood splitting and row shear-out and as a result, increased the fire resistance time of the connections. The time to failure of both connection configurations exceeded the minimum fire resistance rating specified as 45 min for combustible construction in applicable building codes.Originality/valueThe experimental data show the effectiveness of a simple fire protection system (i.e. wood plugs and strips) along with the utilization of STS on the rotational behaviour, charring rate, fire resistance time and failure mode of the proposed hybrid mass timber beam-end connection configurations.

Lateral deformation behavior of eccentrically loaded slender RC columns with different levels of rotational end restraint at elevated temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Ahmed Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Lateral Deformation ◽  
Rc Columns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effective Length Factor ◽  
End Restraint ◽  
The Impact

Purpose In literature, previous studies have focused on analyzing rienforced concrete (RC) columns with idealized end conditions when subjected to fire. In nature, full fixity or free rotation at column ends is not attained. Such ends may be considered partially restrained in rotation. This paper aims to shed a new light on the effect of different degrees of rotational restraint on the lateral deformation behavior of slender heated RC columns subjected to non-linear strain distributions produced by a time-dependent temperature history. Design/methodology/approach To find the strain distribution on the cross section, an iterative technique is adopted using Newton–Raphson method. By introducing a reliable calculation procedure, the lateral deformational behavior is expressed using numerical and searching techniques. A methodology is presented to calculate the effective length factor for RC columns at elevated temperature. Findings The results of the proposed model showed good agreement with available experimental test results. It was also found that the variation of rotational end restraint level has a considerable effect on the lateral deformation behavior of heated slender RC columns. In addition, the effectiveness and the validity of an analytical model should be verified by simultaneously validating the axial and lateral deformations. Moreover, the effective length factor for heated column is higher than that for the corresponding column at ambient temperature. Originality/value This paper shows the impact of different boundary conditions on the behavior of heated slender RC columns. It suggests powerful techniques to determine the lateral deflection and the effective length factor at high temperatures.

Cost-Effectiveness of Mass Timber Beam–Column Gravity Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 04021028
Author(s):  
Rachel Chaggaris ◽  
Shiling Pei ◽  
Gregory Kingsley ◽  
Erin Kinder
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Mass Timber

scholarly journals Carbon Impact and Cost of Mass Timber Beam–Column Gravity Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12966
Author(s):  
Rachel Chaggaris ◽  
Shiling Pei ◽  
Greg Kingsley ◽  
Alexis Feitel
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameters ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Material Volume ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mass Timber ◽  
Total Project Cost ◽  
Total Project

The need to lower the embodied carbon impact of the built environment and sequester carbon over the life of buildings has spurred the growth of mass timber building construction, leading to the introduction of new building types (Types IV-A, B, and C) in the 2021 International Building Code (IBC). The achievement of sustainability goals has been hindered by the perceived first cost assessment of mass timber systems. Optimizing cost is an urgent prerequisite to embodied carbon reduction. Due to a high level of prefabrication and reduction in field labor, the mass timber material volume constitutes a larger portion of total project cost when compared to buildings with traditional materials. In this study, the dollar cost, carbon emitted, and carbon sequestered of mass timber beam–column gravity system solutions with different design configurations was studied. Design parameters studied in this sensitivity analysis included viable building types, column grid dimension, and building height. A scenario study was conducted to estimate the economic viability of tall wood buildings with respect to land costs. It is concluded that, while Type III building designations are the most economical for lower building heights, the newly introduced Type IV subcategories remain competitive for taller structures while providing a potentially significant embodied carbon benefit.

Plastic deformation of θ ' in Al-4%Cu alloy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
Shrikant P. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Bulk Alloy ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Orowan Mechanism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cyclic Straining

deformation behavior of Al-Cu alloys aged to contain θ ' has been the subject of many investigations (e.g., Ref. 1-5). Since θ ' is strong and hard, dislocations bypass θ ' plates (Orowan mechanism) at low strains. However, at high strains the partially coherent θ ' plates are probably sheared, although the mechanism is complex, depending on the form of deformation. Particularly, the cyclic straining of the bulk alloy is known to produce gross bends and twists of θ '. However, no detailed investigation of the deformation of θ ' has yet been reported; moreover, Calabrese and Laird interpreted the deformation of θ ' as largely being elastic.During an investigation of high temperature cyclic deformation, the detailed electron-microscopic observation revealed that, under reversed straining conditions, θ ' particles are severely distorted--bent and twisted depending on the local matrix constraint. A typical electronmicrograph, showing the twist is shown in Fig. 1. In order to establish whether the deformation is elastic or plastic, a sample from a specimen cycled at room temperature was heated inside the microscope and the results are presented in a series of micrographs (Fig. 2a-e).

Observation of secondary slip systems in tungsten bicrystals

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 478-479
Author(s):  
J. R. Fekete ◽  
R. Gibala
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Stress Axis ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Twist Boundary ◽  
Secondary Slip ◽  
Plane Normal

The deformation behavior of metallic materials is modified by the presence of grain boundaries. When polycrystalline materials are deformed, additional stresses over and above those externally imposed on the material are induced. These stresses result from the constraint of the grain boundaries on the deformation of incompatible grains. This incompatibility can be elastic or plastic in nature. One of the mechanisms by which these stresses can be relieved is the activation of secondary slip systems. Secondary slip systems have been shown to relieve elastic and plastic compatibility stresses. The deformation of tungsten bicrystals is interesting, due to the elastic isotropy of the material, which implies that the entire compatibility stress field will exist due to plastic incompatibility. The work described here shows TEM observations of the activation of secondary slip in tungsten bicrystals with a [110] twist boundary oriented with the plane normal parallel to the stress axis.

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